Revista Infoacceso, with ISSN 2311-7605, is a Peruvian journal on Science, Social Science, and related fields. It is published quarterly in April, August, and December. Revista Infoacceso publications are in electronic format and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution -NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Peru License (CC BY-NC-SA). The Journal accepts original empirical and theoretical works in Spanish & English that are related to Science, Social Science and related fields. Submissions from the Research Articles and Original Articles sections will be peer-reviewed and reviewed by the Panel of Referees; all other submissions will undergo a technical review process by the Editorial Board.
Culture: Anatomy of the Concept and Transformation Challenges in the Sphere of Globalization and Digitalization - Anthropological Approach
This study aims to analyze the concept of culture as a complex framework that shapes human behavior and worldviews. The central problem revolves around tracing the semantic and epistemological evolution of the concept, exploring its structural and functional dimensions, and examining the challenges facing culture in the era of globalization and digital transformations. To deconstruct these dimensions, the study adopts an anthropological descriptive approach, reviewing the prominent theories that frame this field. The study yields several key findings, most notably: the evolution of the concept of culture from its classical, elitist perspective (confined to high intellectual and literary production) to a holistic anthropological definition that encompasses all material and symbolic practices of society. Furthermore, the findings highlight the dynamic nature of culture, which undergoes continuous transformation driven by internal factors (such as technological and economic development) and external influences (such as globalization and acculturation), while emphasizing the vital role of language as a primary vehicle for encoding cultural identity and transmitting it across generations. In conclusion, the paper underscores the necessity of adopting an enlightened, pluralistic vision that embraces diversity and rejects stereotypes, thereby ensuring the preservation of identity specificities against the risks of cultural assimilation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahia Boumedjane, Sofiane Zeghid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Rationality and Its Limits in Addressing Identity and Heritage in the Thought of Zaki Naguib Mahmoud
This study offers a critical reading of Zaki Naguib Mahmoud’s intellectual project by examining the extent to which his later reflections on identity and heritage remained consistent with the rational foundations he explicitly endorsed in his earlier philosophical writings. It is based on the hypothesis that the central difficulty in his project did not emerge at the level of abstract principles but rather at the level of application, where maintaining the same degree of rational rigor proved more problematic when addressing issues of cultural belonging and civilizational identity. Employing a critical textual analysis of Mahmoud’s writings on identity, heritage, and Western civilization, the study argues that, despite moderating the strict verificationism of his positivist phase, he did not adopt explicit methodologies drawn from the contemporary human sciences. Instead, his engagement with heritage remained largely reflective rather than methodologically structured, making it closer to philosophical appraisal than to systematic analytical inquiry. Consequently, a noticeable tension emerged between Mahmoud’s commitment to rationality as a methodological ideal and its actual application in his treatment of identity and heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Houri badie zamane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Algeria in Figures: A Demographic Profile and Structural Transitions
This study examines demographic change in Algeria through a set of core demographic indicators, including population growth, the rate of population increase, life expectancy, births, mortality, sex distribution, and age structure, as represented by the population pyramid. It also analyses family and social dynamics, notably age at first marriage, educational attainment, and patterns of residence. By offering a detailed account of the Algerian population, this study highlights the gradual process of demographic aging and evolving fertility trends.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
“Management Accounting Techniques for Organizational Performance Improvement”
Management accounting plays a vital role in improving organizational efficiency, decision-making, and overall business performance. It provides financial and non-financial information to managers for planning, controlling, budgeting, and evaluating business operations. In the modern competitive business environment, organizations increasingly rely on management accounting techniques to enhance productivity, reduce operational costs, optimize resource utilization, and achieve strategic objectives. various management accounting techniques and their contribution to organizational performance improvement. The study focuses on important management accounting tools such as budgeting, standard costing, variance analysis, marginal costing, cost-volume-profit analysis, balanced scorecard, activity-based costing, and performance measurement systems. These techniques assist managers in identifying inefficiencies, controlling expenditures, forecasting future performance, and making effective strategic decisions. Management accounting also supports organizational planning by providing accurate and timely information related to production, pricing, investment, and profitability.
Bullying: An Interdisciplinary Study from Islamic and Psychological Perspectives
Bullying is both an ancient and modern phenomenon: ancient in its occurrence across civilizations, yet modern in terms of its scientific study and the exploration of its causes. It has spread across nearly all social environments, including families, schools, workplaces, and online platforms. Bullying poses serious risks to individuals and societies. For individuals, it undermines psychological well‑being and social adjustment, sometimes leading to extreme outcomes such as suicidal behavior. For societies, it weakens social cohesion and contributes to family and community instability. Drawing on both Islamic teachings and psychological research, this study explores the causes of bullying and proposes treatment strategies. From the Islamic perspective, bullying is prohibited as a form of harm and injustice, with remedies rooted in moral education, family guidance, and community responsibility (Jaafer, 2023; SeekersPath, 2024). From the psychological perspective, bullying is explained through individual traits, family dynamics, and social reinforcement, with interventions focusing on school programs, counseling, and policy measures (Olweus, 1994; Smith, 2004; Volk, Veenstra, & Espelage, 2014). This interdisciplinary approach highlights the need for integrated solutions that combine moral, spiritual, and scientific insights to address one of the most pressing challenges to mental health and social stability worldwide.
“Auditing Standards and Their Role in Financial Transparency”
Auditing standards play a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and transparency of financial information presented by organizations. In the modern business environment, stakeholders such as investors, creditors, regulators, and the public rely heavily on audited financial statements for decision-making and maintaining confidence in corporate governance. Auditing standards provide professional guidelines and principles that auditors must follow while examining financial records and reporting audit findings. the significance of auditing standards and their role in promoting financial transparency and accountability in business organizations. The concept, objectives, and evolution of auditing standards at both national and international levels. the role of standards issued by professional bodies such as the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India in maintaining consistency and quality in audit practices. Auditing standards establish procedures related to audit planning, evidence collection, risk assessment, internal control evaluation, and preparation of audit reports, thereby improving the reliability of financial statements.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Marketing Research in the Scopus Database (2016–2026)
The study aims to analyze the scientific literature on the topic of digital marketing using biometric analysis. This was during the period 2016-2026, when papers in the Scopus database were examined. 11,919 research papers were collected and 2,340 published articles were selected for analysis on the topic of digital marketing using the VOSviewer program for co-citation, co-presence and co-authorship. We found a development in publishing, as we noticed an increase in publishing during the period studied, as the United States of America led in publishing, and the specialization of business, management and accounting was in first place in terms of published scientific papers. The keyword digital marketing also topped the highest correlation strength, and Hong Kong University topped the list as the best active research institution on the subject.
“Sustainability Accounting and Environmental Reporting in Modern Businesses”
Sustainability accounting and environmental reporting have become increasingly important in modern business organizations due to growing concerns about environmental protection, social responsibility, and sustainable economic development. In the contemporary corporate environment, businesses are not only expected to achieve financial profitability but also to minimize environmental impact and contribute positively to society. Sustainability accounting provides a framework for measuring, analyzing, and reporting environmental, social, and economic performance, while environmental reporting ensures transparency regarding an organization’s environmental activities and sustainability initiatives. the role of sustainability accounting and environmental reporting in modern businesses and their contribution to responsible corporate governance and sustainable development. The concept, objectives, and significance of sustainability accounting in evaluating organizational environmental performance. how businesses use sustainability accounting practices to measure resource consumption, carbon emissions, waste management, energy efficiency, and environmental costs. Environmental reporting enables organizations to disclose sustainability-related information to stakeholders, including investors, customers, regulators, and the general public, thereby improving corporate transparency and accountability.
Building an Organisational Vigilance Culture: International Examples and Their Applicability to the Algerian Context
Organisational vigilance—the enduring, institutionalized ability of a collective to identify, analyze, and address emerging dangers prior to their escalation into crises—has emerged as a primary focus of modern management research. This essay analyzes the construction and maintenance of vigilance cultures in Singapore, France, Japan, and the United States, utilizing High-Reliability Organisation (HRO) theories, sensemaking frameworks, and institutional views. It subsequently inquires, with critical honesty rather than superficial prescription, the extent to which this worldwide experience is transferable to Algeria. The Algerian institutional framework, marked by an extensive public sector, a centralized administrative culture, a burgeoning private economy, and a geopolitical context that imposes significant security requirements on organisations, engenders both unique needs and specific limits. The analysis indicates that establishing a vigilance culture in Algeria necessitates a systematic method that commences with leadership commitment, progresses through the development of middle-management capabilities, and is finally integrated into regular professional practices rather than isolated training sessions. The article finishes with a research and policy agenda tailored to the Algerian environment.
“Cloud Accounting and Its Influence on Small and Medium Enterprises”
Cloud accounting has emerged as a significant technological advancement in the field of financial management and business accounting. With the rapid growth of digital technologies and internet-based services, businesses are increasingly shifting from traditional accounting systems to cloud-based accounting platforms. Cloud accounting refers to the use of online accounting software and cloud computing technology to store, process, and manage financial information through internet-connected systems. the concept of cloud accounting and analyzes its influence on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in terms of operational efficiency, cost management, accessibility, and business performance. cloud accounting provides several advantages to SMEs by offering real-time access to financial data, automated accounting functions, secure data storage, and improved collaboration among business stakeholders. Unlike traditional accounting systems that require expensive infrastructure and manual maintenance, cloud accounting systems operate on subscription-based models that are more affordable and flexible for small businesses. Features such as online invoicing, payroll management, financial reporting, inventory tracking, and tax management have significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of accounting operations in SMEs.
The Reality of Children’s Immunization under Five years of Age in Algeria: An Analytical Study on the Light of Algeria’s MICS 2019 Data
This article examines the current state of vaccination among children under five in Algeria through an in-depth analysis of data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS6), conducted in Algeria during 2018–2019 under the supervision of the Ministry of Health, Population, and Hospital Reform, in collaboration with UNICEF. The article examined vaccination coverage rates for the various vaccines included in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and highlighted the disparities observed across geographic regions and socioeconomic levels. The results revealed that coverage for the tuberculosis vaccine (BCG) reached 97.7% in the 12–23-month age group, while the rate of full vaccination dropped to only 61.0% in the 24–31-month age group according to the new national schedule, with significant gaps favoring the northeastern region compared to the central highlands and the south. These findings underscore the need to strengthen vaccination interventions in vulnerable areas and among families with low educational levels.
“Accounting Information Systems and Cybersecurity Challenges”
Accounting Information Systems (AIS) have become an essential component of modern business organizations by facilitating the collection, processing, storage, and reporting of financial information through computerized systems. The integration of digital technologies, cloud computing, enterprise resource planning systems, and online financial platforms has significantly improved the speed, efficiency, and accuracy of accounting operations. However, the increasing dependence on digital accounting systems has also exposed organizations to various cybersecurity challenges and risks related to data protection, cybercrime, and unauthorized access to sensitive financial information. the concept of Accounting Information Systems and analyzes the cybersecurity challenges associated with modern digital accounting environments. The role of AIS in managing financial transactions, preparing financial reports, supporting decision-making, and improving organizational efficiency. It highlights how computerized accounting systems enhance automation, reduce human error, and improve transparency in financial management. At the same time, the paper discusses the growing threats of cyberattacks such as hacking, phishing, ransomware, malware, identity theft, and financial data breaches that can negatively affect organizational operations and financial security.
Pour un enseignement-apprentissage au diapason des mutations sociétales et technologiques. L’image comme médiateur et vecteur des acquis symboliques
At a time when images seem to constitute one of the dominant frameworks through which individuals perceive and interpret reality, we argue that teaching practices must make effective use of the unprecedented communicative abundance available to contemporary educational actors by engaging in the rigorous pedagogical exploitation of authentic documents circulating within the digital ecosystem. Indeed, in order to respond to the linguistic and ethical needs of a new type of language user—one who seeks not only mastery of grammatical rules, but also the development of language proficiency as a means of communication, action, and socialization in real-life contexts—it is essential to draw on contemporary pedagogical materials that foreground semiotic systems in which learners may identify themselves and negotiate meaning. Furthermore, in the digital age, marked by the pervasive influence of images on language-related activities, it would be inappropriate, in our view, to design learning objectives or instructional tools without taking into account the language of images, its evolution, and the technological transformations that have shaped it. Reading today entails the interpretation of both verbal and visual texts; hence the importance of mobilizing sociological, psychological, linguistic, communicative, and intercultural competences on the part of both teachers and learners in order to access the global meaning of authentic documents. Moreover, this architecture of meaning, oriented toward the construction of plausible understanding, necessarily emerges from the complex articulation of these simultaneous sources of information, since meaning is no longer organized solely in a linear manner, but increasingly in a spatial one.
“Green Accounting Practices in Sustainable Development”
Green accounting has emerged as an important approach in modern financial and environmental management due to increasing concerns regarding environmental degradation, climate change, pollution, and depletion of natural resources. Traditional accounting systems mainly focus on financial transactions and profitability, often ignoring the environmental costs associated with business activities. Green accounting, also known as environmental accounting, integrates environmental and economic information to measure the impact of organizational operations on the environment and support sustainable development. This research paper examines green accounting practices and their role in promoting sustainable development in modern economies and business organizations. The concept, objectives, and significance of green accounting in measuring environmental costs, resource utilization, pollution control, and ecological sustainability. Green accounting enables organizations and governments to identify environmental expenses related to waste management, carbon emissions, energy consumption, and natural resource depletion. By incorporating environmental factors into accounting systems, businesses can improve transparency, environmental responsibility, and long-term financial planning.
Regional Economic Growth Mechanisms: Multipliers, Productivity, Competitiveness, and Their Effects on Territorial Disparities: A Theoretical and Applied Analysis
Regional economic growth remains a central challenge in contemporary economic policy, particularly within the context of European integration and globalization. This article examines the fundamental mechanisms driving regional economic growth—including economic multipliers, productivity dynamics, and competitiveness factors—and analyzes their complex effects on territorial disparities through both theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence. Drawing on recent theoretical advances and comprehensive empirical studies from European regions, this research demonstrates that regional growth emerges from competitive, endogenous, and cumulative processes shaped by local resource endowments, agglomeration economies, and spatial spillovers. The analysis reveals a persistent tension between policies promoting aggregate economic growth and those aimed at reducing spatial inequalities. Specifically, the paper presents detailed empirical evidence from Italian regions showing that multiplier effects vary significantly based on regional capacity constraints, with values ranging from 0.4 to 2.5 depending on the expenditure type and regional context. Furthermore, an analysis of European convergence patterns indicates a "two-speed" dynamic where macro-level convergence coexists with regional divergence. The paper concludes by proposing evidence-based policy frameworks centered on innovation support and territorial capital development, arguing that place-based policies guided by rigorous territorial impact assessments are essential for addressing the persistent North-South divides and core-periphery disparities observed across the continent.
Virtual Reality as a Medium for Contemporary Art
Redefining the bounds of creativity, audience participation, and immersive visual experience, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a transformational technology in modern artistic practices. Virtual reality (VR) allows artists to create interactive, multi-sensory artworks that beyond the boundaries of traditional artistic media by means of computer-generated, three-dimensional worlds. the impact of VR on visual communication, digital culture, and modern art; and it delves into the ways in which immersive technologies are shaping these fields. Using virtual reality (VR) in creative contexts including digital installation art, virtual exhibitions, gaming, interactive narrative, performance art, and animation. Virtual reality (VR) technology enables viewers to interact with artworks in virtual settings, blending the line between the real and the virtual through interactive encounters. Through the use of virtual reality (VR) equipment, artists are able to explore new avenues of artistic expression and audience participation through the manipulation of space, movement, sound, and interaction. In addition, the ways in which VR augments modern visual culture by altering the dynamic among creators, consumers, and online venues. The proliferation of immersive media has sparked fresh avenues for creative expression and teamwork in digital spaces. As digital technologies continue to play an increasingly important role in cultural creation, virtual reality (VR) artworks are finding more and more homes in museums, galleries, educational platforms, and online exhibitions.
Green Chemistry Approaches for Sustainable Industrial Processes
Green chemistry approaches have emerged as essential strategies for achieving sustainable industrial processes by minimizing environmental impact while maintaining economic efficiency. These approaches focus on the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. With increasing concerns over pollution, resource depletion, and climate change, the integration of green chemistry principles into industrial practices has become a global priority. key green chemistry approaches, including the use of renewable feedstocks, energy-efficient reaction conditions, eco-friendly solvents, and catalytic processes. Emphasis is placed on atom economy, waste prevention, and the development of safer chemical syntheses. The application of biocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, and nanocatalysts is also examined as a means to enhance reaction efficiency and selectivity while reducing environmental burden. Advanced technologies such as process intensification, continuous flow systems, and green solvents like ionic liquids and supercritical fluids are discussed for their role in improving sustainability. Additionally, the importance of life cycle assessment (LCA) and green metrics in evaluating the environmental performance of industrial processes is highlighted.
The role of the Jews in revitalizing trade in the central Maghreb between (7-9 AH/ 13-15 AD)
This research examines the economic role of Jews in central Maghreb during the Zayyanid rule, a period that saw the growth of Jewish influence within Zayyanid society and in the corridors of power. Economics, finance, and trade were areas in which Jews excelled and through which they extended their influence until they became powerful in central Maghreb in general and in Tlemcen, the capital of the Zayyanids, in particular. Their influence even extended to southern central Maghreb, specifically the region of Tuat, where they established what resembled commercial garrisons. The importance of this research lies in several points, most notably the emergence of Jews as an influential group in society and the highlighting of their economic role, in addition to the influence they attained during the specified period. As for the problem, it revolves around the extent of Jewish penetration into central Maghreb society and their economic role.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Reaction Equilibria in Complex Chemical Systems
Thermodynamic analysis of reaction equilibria plays a central role in understanding the behavior of complex chemical systems, particularly those involving multiple simultaneous reactions, non-ideal phases, and varying environmental conditions. This study examines the application of classical thermodynamic principles, including Gibbs free energy minimization, equilibrium constant evaluation, and activity-based approaches, to predict equilibrium compositions in such systems. Emphasis is placed on the influence of temperature, pressure, and composition on reaction feasibility and extent. The analysis incorporates both ideal and non-ideal models, utilizing activity coefficients and fugacity corrections to account for deviations from ideality in real systems. Advanced computational methods are also considered to solve multi-component, multi-reaction equilibria efficiently. Case-based evaluations highlight the significance of coupling thermodynamic constraints with material balance equations to achieve accurate predictions. thermodynamic frameworks provide a robust basis for analyzing equilibrium behavior, even in highly complex systems, enabling improved design and optimization of chemical processes. The study further underscores the importance of integrating thermodynamic data with modern modeling techniques to address challenges in industrial applications such as catalysis, energy systems, and environmental engineering.
Counseling Intervention Methods for Children’s Aggressive Behavior
Individuals are social by nature and cannot live in isolation from the group to which they belong. This belonging obliges them to follow certain obligations that cannot be crossed, whether they are adults or children. If an individual exceeds those obligations, they may be rejected, and their behavior may be described as maladaptive, deviant, or undesirable. Aggressive behaviour is considered one of those maladaptive behaviors that caught the attention of many studies from different fields and specializations. Many research and studies were conducted and covered various fields, whether familial, academic, professional, or social, starting from childhood to adulthood. There are many factors that intervene in the spread of this phenomenon, whether psychological, familial, academic, or financial. Many instructive, curative, and preventive methods were adopted, especially in the familial or school environment, to reduce it and prevent it from triggering relational, psychological, or physical disorders, specifically in children, while helping them to adopt healthy and socially approved behaviors.
Kinetics of Catalyzed Reactions: Mechanisms and Rate Enhancement
The kinetics of catalyzed reactions plays a vital role in understanding how chemical processes can be accelerated without altering the overall thermodynamic equilibrium. Catalysts function by providing alternative reaction pathways with lower activation energy, thereby increasing reaction rates while remaining chemically unchanged at the end of the process. This study focuses on the fundamental mechanisms of catalysis and the factors influencing rate enhancement in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. The analysis explores various catalytic mechanisms, including adsorption, surface reactions, and desorption steps in heterogeneous catalysis, as well as intermediate complex formation in homogeneous catalysis. Special attention is given to widely studied models such as the Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal mechanisms, which describe interactions between reactants and catalyst surfaces. The role of active sites, catalyst structure, and surface area in determining reaction rates is also examined. Kinetic parameters such as rate constants, reaction order, and activation energy are evaluated to understand the efficiency of catalytic systems. The Arrhenius equation is utilized to explain the temperature dependence of reaction rates and the reduction of activation energy in the presence of catalysts. Additionally, the influence of mass transfer limitations, diffusion effects, and catalyst deactivation on overall reaction kinetics is discussed.
Driving Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development: Insights from Germany’s Energy Transformation
This study analyzes the impact of renewable energy on sustainable development using Germany’s energy transition (Energiewende) as a case study. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the research evaluates economic, environmental, and social outcomes. The findings show that renewable energy expansion contributed to emissions reduction, energy security, and green job creation, despite challenges related to policy complexity and infrastructure. The study concludes that effective policy design and integrated strategies are essential for achieving sustainable development, offering transferable lessons for other countries.
Green Synthesis of Organic Compounds Using Eco-friendly Catalysts
Green synthesis of organic compounds has emerged as a sustainable approach to chemical production, aiming to minimize environmental impact while maintaining efficiency and economic viability. This study focuses on the use of eco-friendly catalysts in organic synthesis, highlighting their role in reducing hazardous waste, energy consumption, and the use of toxic reagents. By integrating the principles of green chemistry, catalytic processes are designed to enhance reaction selectivity, yield, and safety. Eco-friendly catalysts, including biocatalysts, heterogeneous solid catalysts, and metal-free catalytic systems, provide cleaner alternatives to conventional catalysts. These systems often operate under mild reaction conditions, such as lower temperatures and pressures, thereby reducing energy requirements. Additionally, many green catalysts are recyclable and biodegradable, contributing to the sustainability of chemical processes. various reaction pathways and mechanisms that enable efficient synthesis of organic compounds, including oxidation, reduction, and coupling reactions. Special emphasis is placed on solvent-free reactions, aqueous-phase chemistry, and the use of renewable feedstocks. The performance of eco-friendly catalysts is evaluated in terms of activity, selectivity, stability, and reusability.
The Effectiveness of a Counseling Plan in Developing Motivation to Learn among Primary School Pupils: A Field Study in Some Primary Schools in the City of Batna
The current study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a counseling plan for developing motivation to learn among primary school pupils. The study included a sample of (10) male and female pupils from the fifth year of primary school, who were selected intentionally. The study relied on the quasi-experimental one-group approach. The study tools consisted of: the counseling plan designed by the researcher, and the motivation-to-learn scale prepared by Youssef Qatami. The statistical treatment of the study hypotheses was carried out using the statistical analysis program SPSS v20. The study reached the following results: there is an effective impact of the counseling plan in developing motivation to learn, as the results indicated the presence of statistically significant differences after exposure to the plan between the pre-measurement scores and the post-measurement scores among the members of the counseling group, in favor of the post-measurement scores, with no statistically significant differences between the post-measurement scores and the follow-up measurement scores, which confirms the effectiveness of the counseling plan.
Structure–Reactivity Relationships in Organic Reaction Mechanisms
Structure–reactivity relationships form a fundamental aspect of organic chemistry, providing insight into how the molecular structure of compounds influences their chemical behavior and reaction mechanisms. This study examines the interplay between electronic, steric, and stereochemical factors in determining the reactivity patterns of organic molecules. By analyzing how substituents, functional groups, and molecular geometry affect reaction pathways, a deeper understanding of reaction rates, selectivity, and product distribution is achieved. The discussion emphasizes key concepts such as inductive and resonance effects, hyperconjugation, and steric hindrance, which govern the stability of intermediates like carbocations, carbanions, and free radicals. These factors play a crucial role in common organic reaction mechanisms, including substitution, elimination, and addition reactions. The influence of solvent effects and reaction conditions on structure–reactivity relationships is also considered. Quantitative approaches, such as linear free energy relationships (LFER) and Hammett correlations, are explored to establish mathematical connections between molecular structure and reactivity. These tools provide predictive capabilities for evaluating reaction outcomes and designing efficient synthetic routes.
Social Intelligence and Its Role in Improving Students’ Interaction in Physical Education Classes
This study aims to explore the role of social intelligence in improving students’ social interaction during physical education classes. Social intelligence is considered a central concept in educational psychology, as it refers to an individual’s ability to understand others and interact with them effectively. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical method, using a questionnaire administered to a random sample of 100 middle school students. The results revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of social intelligence and the level of social interaction during group sports activities. The findings also showed that sports activities effectively contribute to developing students’ cooperation and communication skills. The study concludes with a recommendation to systematically integrate group sports activities to enhance learners’ social skills.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Complexes with Biological Activity
The synthesis and characterization of metal complexes with biological activity have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications in medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and bioinorganic research. Metal complexes exhibit unique chemical and biological properties arising from the coordination of metal ions with organic ligands, leading to enhanced stability, reactivity, and functional diversity. This study focuses on the design, synthesis, and detailed characterization of biologically active metal complexes and their potential therapeutic applications. Various synthetic approaches are employed to prepare metal complexes using transition metals such as copper, zinc, nickel, and cobalt, coordinated with bioactive ligands including Schiff bases, amino acids, and heterocyclic compounds. The characterization of these complexes is carried out using advanced analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as UV–Visible spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography to determine their structural and electronic properties. The biological activity of the synthesized complexes is evaluated through antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer studies. The results indicate that metal coordination often enhances the biological efficacy of ligands by improving their solubility, stability, and ability to interact with biological targets such as enzymes and DNA. Structure–activity relationships are also explored to understand how variations in metal ions and ligand structures influence biological performance.
The Importance of Expression in Teaching English at the Primary level
While primary English instruction has traditionally emphasised vocabulary acquisition, phonics, and basic grammar, a growing body of pedagogical research highlights the crucial role of expression—both oral (intonation, tone, emotion) and artistic (gesture, facial expression, dramatisation)—as a foundational component of language development. This article argues that integrating expressive techniques into early English teaching significantly enhances comprehension, retention, and communicative competence. Young learners are not miniature adults; their cognitive development is deeply rooted in sensory and emotional experiences. When teachers use varied intonation, volume, and pitch while reading stories or giving instructions, they transform flat linguistic input into meaningful, memorable units. This vocal expressiveness helps children grasp pragmatic nuances—distinguishing a question from an exclamation, or a happy from a sad statement—long before they understand formal grammatical rules reading fluency and later reading comprehension. Expression in primary English extends beyond the voice. The strategic use of facial expressions and body language by teachers provides contextual clues that reduce cognitive load for beginners. For instance, acting out verbs like “jump” or “cry” immediately conveys meaning without translation. More importantly, allowing students to express themselves through drawing, role-play, and simple drama activities lowers the affective filter—the emotional barrier to language acquisition. In a playful, expressive environment, children are less afraid of making errors and more willing to experiment with new language forms. This is particularly vital in mixed-ability classrooms where written accuracy may vary widely.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Soil Systems
The assessment of heavy metal contamination in water and soil systems is a critical environmental concern due to its adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chromium are persistent, non-biodegradable, and capable of accumulating in living organisms, leading to toxic consequences through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. This study focuses on evaluating the levels, distribution, and sources of heavy metal contamination in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Various sampling and analytical techniques are employed to determine the concentration of heavy metals in water and soil, including atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results are compared with established environmental standards to assess the degree of contamination and potential ecological risks. The sources of heavy metals, including industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, mining activities, and urban waste. Special attention is given to the interaction of heavy metals with soil components and their mobility in water systems, which influence their availability and toxicity. Risk assessment indices such as contamination factor, pollution load index, and ecological risk index are used to evaluate environmental impact.
Levels of Bullying among Schoolchildren: A Field Study at Beni Saf Middle School – Ain Temouchent –
This study aims to identify the levels of bullying among schoolchildren. It is a field study conducted on a sample at Beni Saf Middle School – Ain Temouchent – by applying the Bullying Behavior Scale for Children and Adolescents by “Magdy El-Desouky” (2016), which consists of (40) items distributed across four (4) dimensions. It was applied to a sample of 90 pupils, following the descriptive analytical method. This study resulted in a low level among school pupils. Finally, a set of scientific and practical suggestions and recommendations was included.
Development of Advanced Techniques for Trace Element Detection
The development of advanced techniques for trace element detection has become increasingly important in fields such as environmental monitoring, biomedical analysis, food safety, and industrial quality control. Trace elements, often present at very low concentrations, can have significant impacts on human health and ecosystems, necessitating highly sensitive, accurate, and reliable analytical methods for their detection and quantification. modern analytical techniques used for trace element detection, including atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). These techniques offer enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and multi-element detection capabilities, allowing for precise analysis even at trace and ultra-trace levels. Recent advancements such as nanotechnology-based sensors, biosensors, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are also discussed, highlighting their rapid detection capabilities, portability, and minimal sample preparation requirements. The integration of automation, miniaturization, and data analysis tools has further improved the efficiency and accuracy of trace element analysis.
Socialization Institutions and Their Role in Instilling the Values of Citizenship
The issue of citizenship has become one of the most prominent issues, whether as a concept or as a practice, and it has become one of the most vital and exciting topics. It is witnessing increasing interest from many institutions, both official and otherwise, all of which have come to play a major role in instilling and strengthening the values of citizenship. In the past, the family was considered one of the main sources of this instilling. The family, as the basic nucleus in shaping society, is followed by the school, which is the official institution that formulates the values and orientations of the state and society in the minds of young people. It works side by side with the rest of the other educational and social institutions, such as the mosque and the media, to achieve this. In modern civil society, citizenship education has become one of the foundations of building society. Based on these data, this paper seeks to shed light on the family and the other institutions of socialization and their role in instilling the values of citizenship among Algerian youth.
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Indian Economy
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a significant role in shaping the economic development of India by providing capital inflows, promoting industrial growth, and enhancing employment opportunities. In the era of globalization, India has emerged as one of the most attractive destinations for foreign investors due to its large consumer market, skilled workforce, and liberalized economic policies. FDI contributes to the development of infrastructure, technology transfer, productivity improvement, and overall economic modernization. the impact of FDI on the Indian economy, focusing on its role in key sectors such as manufacturing, services, information technology, telecommunications, and retail. It highlights how FDI inflows support economic growth by increasing investment levels, improving competitiveness, and encouraging innovation. The research also explores the relationship between FDI and employment generation, as foreign investments often lead to the creation of direct and indirect job opportunities.
“The Importance of the Legal Approach in Socio-Urban Studies”
This research problem addresses the city as a complex space of social, spatial, and legal interactions, arguing that traditional socio-urban studies are no longer sufficient to capture its complexity due to the dominance of mono-disciplinary approaches that separate social analysis from legal dimensions. The study starts from the assumption that law, particularly urban legislation, is not merely a technical regulatory tool, but a key actor in the production of urban space and in the reproduction of spatial inequalities and social relations The relevance of this approach is particularly evident in the Algerian context, where an analysis of Law 90-29 on urban planning and its implementation instruments reveals a significant gap between legal texts and their practical application, as well as weak institutional coordination and sectoral fragmentation. This situation limits the effectiveness of urban law in addressing key urban issues such as informal housing, unplanned urban expansion, and spatial conflicts Accordingly, the study aims to highlight the role of the legal approach within socio-urban analysis and its contribution to understanding urban space organization and achieving sustainable development. It emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary framework that integrates urban sociology, law, planning, and geography. The study also discusses the main challenges hindering this integration, particularly weak law enforcement and the gap between legislation and reality.
Cybersecurity Challenges in Digital Commerce
Cybersecurity has become a critical concern in the rapidly growing field of digital commerce. With the increasing use of online platforms, e-commerce websites, mobile payment systems, and digital banking services, businesses and consumers are more exposed to cyber threats such as data breaches, phishing attacks, identity theft, ransomware, and financial fraud. As digital transactions continue to expand, ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive information has become essential for maintaining trust and stability in online business environments. the major cybersecurity challenges faced in digital commerce and their impact on businesses and consumers. It highlights how cyberattacks can disrupt business operations, damage brand reputation, and result in financial losses. vulnerabilities in digital payment systems, online marketplaces, cloud storage, and customer databases. In addition, it discusses the growing sophistication of cybercriminals and the evolving nature of cyber threats in the digital economy.
Elder Abuse: A Comparative Review of Definitions, Typologies, and Prevalence in Western, Arab, and Algerian Contexts
Elder abuse is a global public health concern that manifests across diverse cultural, social, and economic contexts. This article provides a comparative review of elder abuse in Western, Arab, and Algerian societies, examining conceptual definitions, typologies, theoretical explanatory models, and prevalence data. The review identifies six primary forms of abuse: physical, psychological, sexual, material and economic, rights violations, and neglect. Three theoretical frameworks are discussed: the psychological model, which emphasizes perpetrator pathology, the social model, which highlights environmental stressors, and the integrative ecological model, which incorporates multiple interacting factors. Empirical findings from Western societies (the United States, Israel, France, Canada, and Japan) are compared with available data from Arab countries (Egypt, Jordan, Sudan, the Gulf States, and Saudi Arabia) and Algeria. The analysis reveals that while elder abuse is documented across all contexts, research in Arab societies remains limited and largely theoretical. The article further examines the Arab Strategy for Older Adults (2019–2029) and relevant international policy frameworks, including the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (2002). Findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive research approaches and improved data collection to accurately assess the magnitude of elder abuse, particularly in Arab and Algerian contexts, where official statistics may underestimate prevalence due to underreporting.
Role of Accounting Information Systems in Business Management
Accounting Information Systems (AIS) play a significant role in modern business management by collecting, processing, storing, and communicating financial information for decision-making purposes. In today’s competitive and technology-driven business environment, organizations rely heavily on accurate and timely accounting information to manage operations, control resources, and achieve business objectives. An effective Accounting Information System integrates accounting principles with information technology to improve financial reporting, operational efficiency, and managerial performance. the role of Accounting Information Systems in business management and highlights their importance in planning, controlling, decision-making, and organizational coordination. how AIS helps businesses maintain financial records, prepare reports, monitor transactions, manage budgets, and ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. the impact of computerized accounting systems, cloud-based accounting software, and digital technologies on modern business operations.
The Effectiveness of CrossFit Training on Physical Performance in Amateur Youth Football Players
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CrossFit training on the physical performance of amateur youth football players over an 8-week intervention period. An experimental design was employed, and the sample consisted of 28 football players. The principal findings demonstrated that CrossFit training exerts a positive influence on both endurance and strength capacities. Specifically, the study concluded that: statistically significant differences exist between pre- and post-test scores in speed endurance and strength tests; and a statistically significant effect was recorded at the 0.05 significance level in speed endurance among football players, as evidenced by the mean scores on endurance and strength tests following the CrossFit intervention.
Online Business Strategies and Small Business Growth
Online business strategies have become an important factor in the growth and success of small businesses in the digital economy. With the rapid development of internet technology, e-commerce platforms, social media marketing, digital payment systems, and online communication tools, small businesses now have greater opportunities to reach customers beyond local markets. Online business strategies help enterprises improve market visibility, customer engagement, operational efficiency, and profitability at relatively lower costs compared to traditional business methods. the role of online business strategies in promoting small business growth and sustainability. It highlights various digital approaches such as e-commerce, social media promotion, search engine optimization, online advertising, email marketing, and customer relationship management. how digital platforms enable small businesses to compete with larger organizations by providing direct access to consumers and global markets.
Narratives of Ancient Persian History: A Comparative Reading of al-Ṭabarī’s History and Herodotus’ Histories
This article offers a comparative reading of the historical approaches adopted by two major historians, al-Ṭabarī and Herodotus, in their treatment of the history of ancient Persia. It focuses on the fundamental differences between the sources on which each historian relied, the purposes informing their respective works, and the chronological periods to which each devoted particular attention. The study seeks to demonstrate how these divergences in sources, aims, and temporal frameworks directly shaped the nature of the historical narrative constructed by each historian, producing distinct visions of Persian history. Despite these differences, the article also examines a significant point of convergence between al-Ṭabarī and Herodotus: the incorporation of myth into historical narration. It argues, however, that the manner in which each historian negotiated the relationship between myth and history differed considerably, reflecting the broader cultural and intellectual contexts from which their works emerged.
Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria: Causes and Control Strategies
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a critical global health concern, posing significant challenges to the treatment and control of bacterial infections. It occurs when bacteria evolve mechanisms that enable them to survive exposure to antibiotics that were once effective. This study examines the major causes of antibiotic resistance and explores strategies for its control and prevention. The development of antibiotic resistance is primarily driven by factors such as the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Incomplete treatment courses, self-medication, and the use of antibiotics for non-bacterial infections further accelerate resistance. At the molecular level, bacteria acquire resistance through genetic mutations and horizontal gene transfer mechanisms, including transformation, transduction, and conjugation. The impact of antibiotic resistance on public health, including increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Resistant infections are more difficult to treat, often requiring alternative or more potent drugs with greater side effects.
The Preservаtiоn and Rеstоrаtiоn оf Ancient Manuscripts
The conservation and restoration of manuscripts involves the care and treatment of culturally and historically significant texts to ensure they can be viewed, read, and studied for future generations. This specialized field addresses various challenges, including fragile materials like parchment and palm leaves, flaking pigments, and damage from environmental factors or biological erosion. Conservators employ a range of techniques, from consolidation of flaking media and pulp filling of losses to surface cleaning and the use of specialized adhesives, all aimed at stabilizing the manuscript without causing further harm. Ultimately, these efforts preserve the invaluable information and material heritage contained within these documents.
"Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Progression: A Comprehensive Review"
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and key players in cancer progression. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted roles of miRNAs in cancer biology, including their involvement in tumor initiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. We summarize the current understanding of miRNA biogenesis, regulation, and function, highlighting their dysregulation in various cancer types and their potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements in miRNA-based therapies, including miRNA mimics, inhibitors, and delivery strategies, and their translation into clinical applications. By elucidating the complex interplay between miRNAs and cancer progression, this review aims to provide insights into novel therapeutic targets and strategies for the management of cancer.
Social Values for Children in the Digital Age: The Role of the Family from a Thematic Analysis Perspective
The relationship between the family and the child is evolving due to the impact of technology in the digital age, where traditional family interactions are changing, prompting parents to rethink their approach to child development and teaching them how to interact effectively in digital environments, and how this affects their social values. In light of these considerations, this study aims to explore the vital role of the family in shaping social values among children and adolescents within the prevailing digital environment. Digital technology has transformed communication patterns and methods of value transmission, presenting new challenges for families in instilling core values while navigating technological influences. Within the framework of qualitative research and using a case study approach, a study was conducted involving 12 families from diverse social and economic backgrounds. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews and observations, and the data were analyzed through thematic analysis. We hope that the results will contribute to a better understanding of how to empower families to navigate effectively the challenges posed by digital technology, while enhancing resilience and moral value-based behavior...
Exploring the Frontiers of Modern Biology: Integrative Approaches and Emerging Trends
Modern biology is undergoing a profound transformation driven by rapid technological advancements and interdisciplinary integration. This paper explores the evolving landscape of biological sciences, emphasizing the convergence of molecular biology, computational tools, and systems-level approaches. Emerging fields such as genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and synthetic biology have significantly enhanced our understanding of complex biological systems. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning has further accelerated discoveries in disease diagnosis, drug development, and personalized medicine. Additionally, the study highlights the growing importance of environmental and ecological perspectives in addressing global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and public health crises. By examining recent trends and innovations, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how integrative approaches are shaping the future of biology and redefining scientific inquiry in the 21st century.
Social Intelligence in the Context of Digital Transformation Among Female Students at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of M'sila: A Comparative Study
This study aimed to investigate the level of digital social intelligence among female students at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of M'sila, Algeria, and to examine whether this level varies according to two variables: academic specialization (Psychology vs. Media and Communication Sciences) and daily Internet usage hours. The study employed a descriptive-comparative design and was applied to a randomly selected sample of 80 second-year female students. Data were collected using a researcher-constructed scale comprising 35 items distributed across three dimensions: digital social awareness, digital relationship management, and digital empathy and emotional responsiveness, following thorough verification of the instrument's validity and reliability. To address the study questions, data were analyzed using SPSS through a one-sample t-test, an independent-samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The findings yielded three principal results. First, participants demonstrated a high level of digital social intelligence, with an overall mean score of 80.94 that significantly exceeded the hypothetical mean of 70. Second, statistically significant differences were identified in favor of Psychology students (M = 83.20) over Media and Communication students (M = 78.03) at the 0.01 significance level, a finding attributed to the nature of specialized academic formation and the depth of training in interpersonal communication skills. Third, no significant differences were found based on daily Internet usage hours (F = 0.07, p = .93), suggesting that the quality, rather than the quantity, of digital engagement is the primary determinant of digital social intelligence.
"Exploring the Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services"
Changes in climate are one of the most serious global concerns of the 21st century, and they have substantial implications for the services that ecosystems provide and the biodiversity that they support. Changes in weather patterns and the occurrence of extreme events are becoming more often as global temperatures continue to rise, which disrupts the delicate balance that exists within ecosystems. an examination of the effects of climate change on biodiversity, with particular attention paid to the repercussions of habitat destruction, the migration of species, and the disturbance of ecological interconnections. In addition, the ways in which these alterations influence vital ecosystem services, such as pollination, water purification, and carbon sequestration, which are essential for the well-being of humans and the stability of natural systems. This research shows the cascading consequences of climate change on ecosystems and the services that they supply by conducting a review of the available literature and case studies. In addition to this, it addresses the possibilities for mitigation and adaptation methods to protect biodiversity and guarantee the continuous provision of ecosystem services in a world that is undergoing fast change. In order to meet the difficulties that are faced by climate change and to protect the ecological basis of life on Earth, the findings highlight the urgent need for global conservation efforts and sustainable behaviours.
Women’s Professional Empowerment Between Gender Marketing Efforts and the Reality of Social Constraints
Women’s professional empowerment is considered one of the fundamental pillars of contemporary human and societal development issues, as it represents a genuine indicator of societies’ progress in achieving the principles of social justice and gender equality. With the economic and social transformations witnessed worldwide, women’s participation in the labor market has become not merely a social option but a developmental necessity. This has led to the emergence of new conceptual approaches, most notably gender marketing, which seeks to promote a positive image of working women and highlight their professional competencies in order to challenge traditional stereotypes associated with their social roles. Gender marketing strategies aim to reshape social representations of women through media campaigns, motivational programs, and institutional initiatives that emphasize women’s achievements and their effective contribution to economic and social development. However, these efforts face several challenges that limit their actual impact due to persistent social and cultural barriers, such as patriarchal mentality, implicit discrimination within workplaces, weak family and societal support, in addition to the limited institutional policies ensuring real equality in wages and leadership representation. Moreover, some marketing approaches tend to focus more on the promotional dimension than on structural change, making the representation of women in the media closer to symbolic beautification than to genuine recognition of their professional capabilities. Therefore, this study raises a central question regarding the effectiveness of gender marketing in achieving genuine professional empowerment for women and the extent to which it aligns with the social and cultural contexts that define women’s roles in society. This study analyzes the dialectical relationship between gender marketing efforts as a tool for social change and the restrictive social reality governing women’s representations and professional status. It also proposes practical approaches to strengthen authentic empowerment, including the development of public policies supporting equality in the labor market, the integration of the gender dimension into institutional strategic planning, the reinforcement of professional support and mentoring culture for women, and the revision of media discourse to reflect an objective image of working women. Women’s professional empowerment cannot be achieved solely through marketing campaigns; rather, it requires a shared institutional and societal commitment to reconstructing collective awareness regarding women’s roles and ensuring their active participation in economic, social, and political fields, thereby consolidating a culture of justice and integration within sustainable development.
"The Physiological Basis of Hibernation in Mammals"
Hibernation is a complicated physiological adaptation that allows mammals, especially those living in temperate and polar regions, to survive for extended periods of time when food is few and the environment is harsh. In order to store energy reserves for the winter, animals enter a state of deep metabolic suppression known as hibernation. This state is characterized by a synchronized decrease in body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, and total energy expenditure. Complex molecular, cellular, and systemic regulatory mechanisms underpin hibernation's physiological basis. These mechanisms include changes in metabolic fuel utilization from carbohydrates to lipids, modulation of mitochondrial function, and suppression of non-essential physiological processes. The hypothalamus, thyroid hormones, and melatonin are all important neuroendocrine regulators that help start and keep torpor states going. The underlying causes of periodic arousals, which are necessary for the maintenance of brain and immunological functions and are characterized by the transient restoration of euthermic circumstances, are only partially understood. In order to prevent tissue damage during cycles of hypothermia and rewarming, hibernation entails reversible changes in gene expression, protein synthesis, and neuroprotection. This finding has important biological implications for organ preservation, hypothermia therapy, and space travel. examines the physiological processes that cause mammals to hibernate, delves into the adaptive value of this phenomenon, and discusses new viewpoints on how it relates to human health and biomedical advancements.
Artificial Intelligence: From Conceptual Disruption to the Disruption of Life
University and academic research today is scarcely devoid of studies devoted to artificial intelligence. This is because scientific development no longer merely serves human beings; rather, the technological explosion embodied in a revolution termed “artificial intelligence” has affected every field of knowledge, every sphere of life, and, consequently, every segment of society. This reality has led us, at the outset, to question the concept itself. We do not seek to offer a single, definitive definition; rather, we endeavour to establish a conceptual framework that enables us to identify what we are confronting and to understand the dynamic linguistic field surrounding it. If artificial intelligence is grounded in ordinary language to transform it into another universal language, namely, digital language, how does this mechanism operate? If its spread has taken the form and speed described above, what should human beings do, and how should they act?
"Advances in CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Technology: Applications in Biomedicine and Beyond"
CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology has revolutionized the field of biomedicine and beyond, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in genome editing. This review provides an overview of recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its applications across diverse fields, including biomedicine, agriculture, and synthetic biology. We discuss the underlying principles of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, including Cas9 nuclease activity and guide RNA design, and highlight key technological improvements that have enhanced its versatility and utility. Furthermore, we explore the wide range of applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, from precise genome editing in human cells and model organisms to targeted gene regulation and epigenome editing. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and ethical considerations associated with CRISPR-Cas9 technology, including off-target effects, delivery methods, and concerns about genome editing in human embryos. Overall, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology holds immense promise for advancing our understanding of biology, treating genetic diseases, and engineering organisms for various applications, while also raising important ethical and societal questions that must be addressed.
Verbal Communication and Its Relationship to Academic Achievement in Children with Autism in Inclusive Settings A Field Study at the Khababa Abdelwahab School in Setif
Through this study, we sought to highlight the relationship between verbal communication and academic achievement among children with autism in mainstream settings. The aim was to understand how the level of verbal communication affects these children’s academic performance and the importance of integrating linguistic and educational aspects to achieve the best outcomes for children with autism in mainstream schools. This study was conducted by applying the Verbal Communication Skills Scale for children with autism spectrum disorders to determine the scores of the study sample and the extent to which inclusive classes contribute to improving linguistic communication in children with autism, across all dimensions of the scale, namely recognition and comprehension, verbal imitation, expression and naming, skills that reflect the extent of the autistic child’s development in terms of verbal communication.
The Relationship between Psychological Stress Resulting from Misleading News on Social Media Sites and Mental Health among Members of Youth Institutions in El Oued Province: A Field Study on a Sample of Members of Some Youth Institutions in El Oued Provin
The current study aimed to identify the relationship between psychological stress resulting from misleading news on social media sites and mental health among members of youth institutions in ElOued Province. To achieve this study, it was conducted on a sample of (100) members of youth institutions in El Oued Province. The study relied on the descriptive correlational method, which is based on collecting, describing, and interpreting data. The Psychological Stress Resulting from Misleading News on Social Media Sites Scale, prepared by the researchers, and the Mental Health Scale by Ibtisam Ahmed Abu Al-Amrein (2018) were applied. The study reached the following results: - There is a statistically significant correlation between psychological stress resulting from misleading news on social media sites and mental health in its personal dimension among members of youth institutions in El Oued. - There is a statistically significant correlation between psychological stress resulting from misleading news on social media sites and mental health in its social dimension among members of youth institutions in El Oued. - There are no statistically significant differences in psychological stress resulting from misleading news on social media sites among members of youth institutions in El Oued according to the age variable. - There are no statistically significant differences in mental health among members of youth institutions in El Oued according to the age variable.
Impact of Urbanization on Road Network Performance and Congestion Management
Rapid urbanization has significantly transformed the structure and functioning of urban transportation systems, leading to increased pressure on road networks and growing challenges in congestion management. The continuous rise in population, expansion of urban areas, and increase in vehicle ownership have resulted in higher traffic demand, often exceeding the capacity of existing road infrastructure. This impact of urbanization on road network performance and evaluates strategies for effective congestion management. The research focuses on key factors such as traffic volume, road capacity, travel time, and level of service (LOS) to assess the performance of urban road networks. It analyzes how unplanned urban growth, land-use changes, and inadequate infrastructure development contribute to traffic congestion and reduced network efficiency. The role of bottlenecks, intersections, and mixed traffic conditions in worsening congestion levels. Various congestion management strategies are explored, including traffic signal optimization, development of public transportation systems, implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), congestion pricing, and promotion of non-motorized transport. The study evaluates the effectiveness of these measures in improving traffic flow, reducing delays, and enhancing overall network performance.
The Doctrine of Mahdism in al-Andalus between the 2nd and 6th Centuries AH / 8th and 12th Centuries AD
The idea of Mahdism, in the course of Islamic history, is one of the topics that formed a central debate from its emergence and throughout later periods. It also exerted a doctrinal impact on the paths of the sects and schools that adopted it. This was due to the many figures who claimed or embraced this belief in accordance with their intellectual, sectarian, and political orientations. Many opponents of the existing order used it in their quest to reach power. Other groups used it as a means to call for a return to the glory of the ancestors. Still others regarded it as a doctrine that sought change and reform after they had suffered the scourges of injustice and oppression. In this article, the focus is placed on the land of al-Andalus. The study examines the factors that contributed to the emergence of the idea. It considers the composition of Andalusian society and its effect on the growth of conflict among its different groups. It also examines the presence of the Shiite school in al-Andalus, given the stimulus that this school provided for the spread of the idea. The article further discusses the political and social conditions in the region and their role in the growth of the idea of salvation. This idea was among the strongest reasons that created, among its advocates and followers, a readiness to rally around claimants to Mahdism through the stages in which Andalusian history witnessed this type of movement.
Evaluation of Pavement Materials for Sustainable and Durable Road Construction
The selection and evaluation of pavement materials play a crucial role in achieving sustainable and durable road construction. With the increasing demand for transportation infrastructure and the growing concern for environmental sustainability, there is a need to adopt materials that not only enhance pavement performance but also minimize environmental impact. This study focuses on evaluating various conventional and alternative pavement materials in terms of their strength, durability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. traditional materials such as bitumen and cement concrete alongside innovative alternatives including recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), fly ash, plastic waste, and other industrial by-products. Laboratory and field-based tests are conducted to assess key performance parameters such as load-bearing capacity, resistance to wear and deformation, moisture susceptibility, and long-term durability. In addition to mechanical performance, the study evaluates the environmental impact of pavement materials by considering factors such as carbon emissions, energy consumption, and resource utilization. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to compare the sustainability of different materials and construction techniques. Findings indicate that the use of recycled and waste-based materials can significantly improve sustainability while maintaining or even enhancing pavement performance. These materials reduce the need for virgin resources, lower construction costs, and contribute to waste management. However, proper design, quality control, and standardization are essential to ensure consistent performance.
Reproducing Archaeological Bricks from Qasr Touila: A Comparative Study of Physical, Chemical, and Mechanical Properties
Clay-based building materials, particularly mud bricks, are among the main materials used in traditional and archaeological architecture. Their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties are influenced by the composition of the raw materials and by environmental factors that contribute to their deterioration over time. This study examined archaeological brick samples from the site of Qasr Touila and compared them with laboratory-manufactured samples prepared to simulate the original material. The aim was to evaluate the extent to which the manufactured samples could reproduce the characteristics of the archaeological bricks. The chemical composition of the samples was determined by X-ray analysis, and their surface features were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The investigated properties included released gas volume (VCO₂), carbonate content (CO₃), compressive strength, bulk density, and water absorption. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and Pearson correlation analysis. The results revealed significant differences among the studied samples in VCO₂, CO₃, and bulk density (P ≤ 0.05), while compressive strength and water absorption showed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a strong positive correlation between VCO₂ and CO₃ (r = 0.714) and a positive correlation between VCO₂ and bulk density (r = 0.670). Overall, the manufactured samples showed values close to those of the archaeological bricks, indicating that they were largely successful in reproducing their principal physical and mechanical properties, despite some differences related to mineral composition and internal structure.
Impact of Nutrition and Dietary Patterns on Human Immune Function
Nutrition and dietary patterns play a critical role in shaping human immune function and overall resistance to disease. The immune system relies on an adequate and balanced supply of nutrients to support immune cell development, activation, and regulation. Variations in dietary intake can therefore influence susceptibility to infections, inflammatory conditions, and immune-related disorders. the impact of nutrition and dietary patterns on human immune function from a life science perspective. Emphasis is placed on the role of macronutrients and micronutrients in maintaining immune competence, as well as the influence of dietary patterns on inflammatory processes and immune balance. The interaction between diet, gut microbiota, and immune regulation is also explored, highlighting how healthy dietary habits contribute to effective immune responses. Understanding the relationship between nutrition and immunity provides a scientific basis for dietary interventions aimed at disease prevention and health promotion. The importance of balanced dietary patterns in supporting immune resilience and reducing the risk of infectious and chronic diseases, offering valuable insights for public health and preventive nutrition strategies.
Thematic intertextuality and intergenerational dialogue: from the Generation of ’98 to the post-war novel
The historical context of 20th-century Spain had a profound influence on the national literary scene, owing to the social and cultural problems and political changes the country underwent over several decades. Authors born and raised within this socio-political context were committed to reflecting this reality in their respective novels, thereby preserving the historical memory and collective experiences of the people. The following article examines the thematic connections between these authors, using the historical context as a starting point to analyse the novels published from the Generation of ’98 through to the post-war generation. Consequently, the aim of this study is to demonstrate how the historical context influences the novels and how they reflect similar concerns characteristic of their era, employing a thematic intertextual approach.
Effect of Balanced Diet on Disease Resistance and Overall Well-Being
A balanced diet plays a vital role in strengthening disease resistance and promoting overall well-being across all stages of life. Adequate intake of macronutrients and micronutrients supports normal physiological functions, maintains metabolic balance, and enhances immune competence. Nutrients obtained from a diverse and balanced diet contribute to the development and function of immune cells, regulation of inflammatory responses, and maintenance of physical and biochemical barriers against pathogens. Proper nutrition also supports antioxidant defense systems, reducing oxidative stress and lowering the risk of infections and chronic diseases. Conversely, poor dietary patterns characterized by nutrient deficiencies or excess energy intake can impair immune responses, increase susceptibility to infectious and non-communicable diseases, and negatively affect physical and mental health. A balanced diet has been shown to improve energy levels, cognitive function, gut health, and emotional well-being, while also supporting healthy aging and faster recovery from illness. the importance of balanced nutrition as a preventive and sustainable approach to enhancing disease resistance, improving quality of life, and supporting long-term health and well-being.
Reconstruction of meaning in Julio Cortázar's House Taken Over
Latin American literature in general and fantasy literature in particular, offers a new vision of the world thanks to the authors' awareness of how they approach reality from an imaginary perspective. This article aims to analyze, from a semiotic perspective, the short story "House Taken Over" by the Argentinian writer Julio Cortázar. The demonstration consists of progressively identifying semantic categories, observing their linear development, which allows us to identify the text's isotopy, constructed through the recurrence of semantic features that ensure the coherence of the discourse. By reconstructing these meanings, it is possible to unveil the implicit and profound meaning of the narrative. The objective of this article is to discover the true message of the story that the author intended in creating his work. This interpretive process allows us to understand that the story not only narrates a fantastic phenomenon but can also allude to social realities of that era.
Dietary Factors and Their Association with Chronic Lifestyle Diseases
Dietary factors play a decisive role in the development and prevention of chronic lifestyle diseases, which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patterns of food consumption directly influence metabolic health, inflammatory status, and body weight regulation, thereby affecting the risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and certain cancers. Diets high in refined carbohydrates, saturated and trans fats, excess salt, and added sugars are strongly associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. diets rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, lean proteins, and healthy fats provide essential nutrients and bioactive compounds that support metabolic balance and reduce disease risk. the association between dietary habits and chronic lifestyle diseases, emphasizing the protective role of balanced and nutrient-dense diets. It underscores the importance of dietary modification as a key preventive strategy for reducing the global burden of lifestyle-related disorders and promoting long-term health and well-being.
The impact of Financial technology on the Financial Solvency of Algerian banks for the period 2016-2024
This study aimed to identify the impact of financial technology on the financial solvency of Algerian banks during the period 2016-2024. To achieve this goal, the reality of financial technology in Algeria was studied in the applied aspect through the number of ATMs, the number of electronic clearing operations, and the number of payment terminals in Algerian banks. ) as independent variables, in addition to measuring and analyzing the financial performance represented by financial solvency as a dependent variable, and then estimating, interpreting and testing the multiple regression model of the study. The descriptive-analytical approach was used in the study by studying the performance and reality of financial technology in Algeria. The study found that there is a positive and statistically significant positive relationship between financial technology and the improvement ofImproving the solvency of Algerian banks at a margin of error of 5%. Therefore, the study recommended the need to study and expand financial inclusion, through the use of financial technology in banks in order to access financial services at the lowest cost to remote areas in Algeria
Histopathological Changes in Metabolic Disorders: An Overview
Metabolic disorders are a major group of chronic diseases characterized by disturbances in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, leading to long-term organ damage and functional impairment. From a histopathological perspective, these disorders produce distinct structural and cellular alterations in multiple tissues, reflecting underlying metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities. Common metabolic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome are associated with characteristic microscopic changes in organs including the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, kidneys, and blood vessels. Histopathological features frequently observed in metabolic disorders include fatty infiltration, cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular changes. In diabetes mellitus, alterations such as pancreatic islet degeneration, glomerulosclerosis, and microvascular damage are prominent, while obesity is associated with adipocyte enlargement and chronic low-grade inflammation. an overview of the key histopathological changes observed in metabolic disorders and highlights their relevance in understanding disease mechanisms, progression, and potential therapeutic targets.
The Maqāṣidī Balance between Text and Maṣlaḥah in Mālikī Fiqh and Its Impact on Realizing Moderate Legislation
This study examines the maqāṣidī balance in Mālikī jurisprudence as a scientific methodology that seeks to achieve equilibrium between the sharʿī text and maṣlaḥah (public interest), thereby preserving the fixed principles of islamic Sharīʿah while accommodating contemporary variables. The research proceeds from the premise that Islamic Sharīʿah is an eternal legal system characterized by comprehensiveness and flexibility. Although its texts are finite in wording, their meanings and objectives are expansive and renewable. This renders maqāṣidī ijtihād essential for interpreting the texts and applying them to diverse realities. The Mālikī school has given special attention to the maqāṣid of Sharīʿah, which has enabled it to harmonize sharʿī texts with considered interests without compromising outcomes or neglecting the consequences of actions. This has positioned the Mālikī school as a model of moderate jurisprudence capable of balancing continuity and renewal. Within this framework, the study addresses the problem of how to achieve a maqāṣidī balance between text and maṣlaḥah without falling into literal rigidity on one hand or unrestricted license in the name of maṣlaḥah on the other. The study concludes that the relationship between text and maṣlaḥah is one of complementarity and harmony, not opposition. The maqāṣidī balance represents a fundamental tool for realizing moderate legislation and contributes significantly to constructing a balanced ijtihādī framework that considers consequences and achieves public interests without violating the foundational principles and constants of Sharīʿah.
Role of Immune Dysregulation in Autoimmune Disorders: A Pathological Review
Autoimmune disorders arise from a breakdown in immune tolerance, leading to inappropriate immune responses against self-antigens and subsequent tissue damage. Immune dysregulation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these conditions, involving complex interactions between genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and abnormal immune regulation. Key pathological mechanisms include loss of self-tolerance, imbalance between effector and regulatory immune cells, and persistent activation of inflammatory pathways. From a pathological perspective, autoimmune diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation, autoantibody production, immune complex deposition, and progressive tissue destruction affecting multiple organs. Dysregulated T lymphocyte responses, defective regulatory T-cell function, and aberrant cytokine signaling contribute to sustained immune activation and organ-specific or systemic injury. This abstract reviews the role of immune dysregulation in the development of autoimmune disorders and highlights its significance in understanding disease mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention.
The text constitutes the fundamental building block through which an author's ideas are constructed and revealed. Authors engage in the act of writing with the aim of conveying a message to their readers. Such a text encompasses a multitude of meanings, both explicit and implicit, thereby requiring considerable effort in reading and interpretation. This article seeks to shed light on the importance of the text and its reading in the process of translation from one language into another. Since a text is composed of both form and meaning, special care and attention must be devoted to the reading of its surface and deeper meanings.
Pathology of Lifestyle Diseases: Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disorders
Lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disorders represent a major and growing public health concern worldwide. These conditions arise largely from unhealthy dietary habits, physical inactivity, and sedentary lifestyles, and are closely interconnected through shared metabolic and inflammatory pathways. From a pathological perspective, lifestyle diseases are characterized by progressive structural and functional alterations in multiple organs, driven by chronic metabolic stress, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and low-grade inflammation. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue hypertrophy, chronic inflammation, and hormonal dysregulation, which contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic imbalance. Diabetes mellitus leads to widespread microvascular and macrovascular damage, affecting organs such as the kidneys, nerves, eyes, and heart. Cardiovascular disorders are marked by endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and myocardial injury, resulting from prolonged metabolic and inflammatory insults. the pathological basis of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing their interconnected mechanisms and the importance of early preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce disease burden and associated complications.
Monetary policy and its impact on controlling inflation rates
Monetary policy is one of the main tools used by countries to achieve economic stability and promote growth. With the rapid changes witnessed by the global economy, monetary policy has emerged as an effective mechanism for controlling inflation rates and maintaining the purchasing power of the currency. Inflation, as an economic phenomenon that directly affects individuals’ living conditions and production costs, is one of the most important challenges facing economic policymakers. Hence, the importance of understanding the close relationship between monetary policy tools and inflation becomes evident, as decisions related to interest rates, money supply, and intervention in financial markets play a decisive role in directing price levels and achieving economic balance. This study aims to shed light on the concept of monetary policy, its various mechanisms, and to analyze its direct and indirect impact on inflation rates.
AI-Driven Innovations in Digital Marketing
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force in the field of digital marketing by enabling businesses to analyze consumer behavior, automate marketing strategies, and deliver personalized customer experiences. The rapid growth of digital platforms, social media, e-commerce, and online communication has generated vast amounts of consumer data, making traditional marketing approaches less effective in managing and interpreting complex market trends. AI-driven technologies provide intelligent solutions that improve marketing efficiency, customer engagement, and business decision-making. AI-powered digital marketing uses technologies such as Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, predictive analytics, chatbots, recommendation systems, and data mining to understand customer preferences and optimize marketing campaigns. These technologies help organizations analyze consumer behavior, predict purchasing patterns, personalize advertisements, and automate customer interactions. AI also enables businesses to create targeted marketing strategies that improve customer satisfaction and increase conversion rates. AI-driven digital marketing is personalization. AI systems can analyze customer data, browsing history, purchasing behavior, and social media activities to provide customized recommendations and relevant advertisements. AI technologies are also widely used in content marketing, email marketing, search engine optimization, social media management, and customer relationship management. Virtual assistants and AI-based chatbots further enhance customer support by providing real-time communication and automated responses.
A Case Study of Learning Disabilities in an Arabic-Speaking Child: Using the Adapted School Competency Screening Test (ECSIII-A)
The aim of this study was to examine written language disorders in an Arab pupil in Year 4 of primary school using the adapted Arabic version of the Educational Competence Screening Test for Stage 3 (ECSIII-A). The study adopted a descriptive-analytical design to examine a single case study involving Amin, a 9-year-old boy referred due to persistent difficulties with reading and spelling. The results revealed severe deficits in written word recognition and orthographic spelling, with total scores on the IME and CME tests falling below the 10th percentile, whilst reading comprehension was relatively weaker, at approximately the 25th percentile. In contrast, non-verbal reasoning, handwriting and general arithmetic performance remained within normal limits. Qualitative analysis revealed clear phonological, morphological and orthographic errors, including a complete failure in morphological disambiguation, suggesting deficits in both phonological decomposition and orthographic representations. In light of the dual-path model, this profile suggests the possibility of developmental dyslexia accompanied by dysorthographia, exacerbated by the orthographic characteristics of Arabic. The findings support the need for an in-depth diagnostic assessment and intensive, targeted orthophonic intervention.
Machine Learning and Predictive Modeling in Healthcare
Machine Learning and predictive modeling have become important technological advancements in the healthcare sector, transforming the way medical data is analyzed, diseases are diagnosed, and patient care is managed. The increasing availability of healthcare data from electronic health records, medical imaging systems, wearable devices, and diagnostic tools has created opportunities for intelligent data-driven healthcare solutions. Machine Learning techniques enable healthcare systems to identify patterns, analyze large datasets, and generate predictions that assist medical professionals in making accurate and timely decisions. Predictive modeling in healthcare uses statistical algorithms and Machine Learning methods to forecast medical outcomes, disease risks, patient recovery rates, and treatment effectiveness. These technologies support early disease detection, personalized treatment planning, hospital resource management, and preventive healthcare strategies. Machine Learning algorithms such as Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Networks, Random Forests, and Deep Learning models are widely used for medical diagnosis, patient monitoring, drug discovery, and clinical decision support systems.
The dialectical Relationship Between the Researcher and Scientific Research: Between Dependency and Interaction
The relationship between researchers and scientific research is based on interaction and dependency. Researchers are often influenced by existing ideas, institutions, and culture, leading them to rely on established systems instead of pursuing original thinking. This dependency can stem from professional and financial pressures which limit their freedom of thought. When researchers lean on past results without critically assessing them, it can hinder innovation and fresh ideas. Dependency occurs when researchers excessively depend on external support, like funding or mainstream knowledge, which restricts their autonomy in choosing research topics and methods. This leads to the researcher becoming more of a knowledge transmitter than a creator. In contrast, interaction promotes a reciprocal relationship where researchers actively engage in knowledge production. The text proposes to explore how researchers can maintain scientific objectivity while retaining their individuality and adhering to methodologies, particularly in social sciences. It outlines a plan to examine the concepts of researcher and scientific research, objective cognitive systems, and the researcher as a knowledge producer.
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Digital Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of digital education by introducing innovative teaching methods, intelligent learning systems, and personalized educational experiences. The integration of AI technologies into digital education platforms has enhanced the accessibility, efficiency, and quality of learning across schools, colleges, universities, and online learning environments. AI-powered tools such as virtual tutors, automated assessment systems, intelligent content recommendation systems, chatbots, and adaptive learning platforms help students learn according to their individual needs, learning pace, and academic performance. Traditional educational systems often follow a standardized teaching approach that may not address the diverse learning abilities of students. Artificial Intelligence overcomes these limitations by using Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, and data analytics to analyze student behavior, identify learning gaps, and provide customized educational support. AI also assists educators by automating administrative tasks, evaluating assignments, tracking student progress, and improving classroom management. Digital education supported by Artificial Intelligence has become especially important in the modern technological era, where online learning and remote education are expanding rapidly.
Verbal Politeness: When Discourse is subjected to Social Relations
Verbal communication is a conscious human act aimed at conveying intentions and achieving benefits. This isn’t attainable for any speaker, if he adheres to the verbalpolitenessrules that elevate one from merely transmitting information to become a courteous speaker whose discourse conforms to the social relations’ requirements. These relations significantly determine what we say. Consequently, linguistic interaction is necessarily a social interaction. So, I’vededicated this research paper to reveal the role of social relations in formingthe ways of discourse, as well as shedding light on the various theories that have established principles governing this process.
Machine Learning Approaches in Speech Recognition Systems
Machine Learning has significantly transformed the field of speech recognition systems by enabling computers to understand, process, and convert human speech into textual or executable outputs with greater accuracy and efficiency. Earlier speech recognition technologies relied mainly on rule-based and statistical approaches, which often struggled with variations in accent, pronunciation, background noise, and speaking speed. The emergence of Machine Learning techniques, particularly Deep Learning, has improved the adaptability and performance of speech recognition systems across diverse linguistic and environmental conditions. Algorithms such as Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) play a vital role in enhancing speech processing and language modeling. These technologies are widely applied in virtual assistants, automated customer support, voice-controlled devices, healthcare systems, and smart communication platforms. Machine Learning-based speech recognition systems also contribute to multilingual communication and accessibility for differently-abled individuals. However, challenges such as data privacy, computational complexity, accent diversity, and noise interference still affect the efficiency of these systems. the major Machine Learning approaches used in speech recognition systems, their applications, advantages, and limitations, while also examining future developments in intelligent voice-based technologies.
Social Capital and the Identification of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: A Qualitative Study of Project Leaders Supported by the NESDA Program in Algeria
This article analyzes the role of human and social capital in the opportunity identification process among project holders registered in the NESDA device in Algeria. Based on a subjective and constructivist double perspective, this research uses a qualitative multiple case study approach with four project holders. The results reveal that human capital constitutes a universal lever for opportunity identification in all cases studied. However, two distinct configurations coexist: a subjectivist configuration in which human capital alone is sufficient to identify and evaluate the opportunity autonomously, and a constructivist configuration in which human and social capital — through strong and weak ties — combine to build and validate the opportunity. These results suggest that human and social capital maintain a contingent complementarity relationship. Furthermore, opportunity validation operates exclusively informally in all cases, constituting a specificity of the Algerian context. These results enrich Nkakleu's (2008) work and open research avenues on the entrepreneurial process in the Maghreb context.
Benefits of Regular Exercise on Cardiovascular Health
Regular exercise plays a vital role in maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart-related diseases. In modern society, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy eating habits, stress, and lack of physical activity have significantly increased the risk of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, heart attacks, stroke, and coronary artery disease. Physical exercise is considered one of the most effective and affordable methods for improving heart function and promoting overall well-being. Activities such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, yoga, and aerobic exercises help strengthen the heart muscles, improve blood circulation, regulate blood pressure, and maintain healthy cholesterol levels. The various benefits of regular exercise on cardiovascular health and highlights its importance in disease prevention and healthy living. how consistent physical activity enhances oxygen supply, improves metabolism, controls body weight, and reduces the accumulation of harmful fats in the body. Exercise also contributes to stress reduction, mental relaxation, and emotional stability, which positively influence heart health. the role of exercise in preventing obesity, diabetes, and other lifestyle diseases closely linked to cardiovascular problems.
The Regulatory Framework of the Judge for the Execution of Sentences in Algerian Legislation
The study of the role of the Judge for the Execution of Sentences occupies a position of great importance in law. The Algerian legislator, through Law No. 14/25 concerning the organization of prisons, sought to ensure the reform and rehabilitation of detainees through bodies and institutions entrusted with achieving this objective. Since the judge constitutes the primary guarantor of protecting detainees from violations of their fundamental rights, the legislator entrusted him with this mission and granted him powers and competencies enabling him to perform his role in the social reintegration of detainees. Under Law 14/25, the Algerian legislator considers the system of the Judge for the Execution of Sentences to represent the fundamental pillar of penal policy, a fact reflected in the role assigned to this judge both inside and outside penal institutions. Nevertheless, our study has shown that the powers granted to the judge do not always rise to the level of aspirations embodied in modern penal policy, nor are they sufficient to guarantee the effective social reintegration of detainees. Moreover, this institution faces practical difficulties that limit the possibility of consolidating a penal policy founded upon the concept of social defense.
Obesity and Lifestyle Diseases in Modern Society
Obesity has emerged as one of the most significant public health concerns in modern society due to rapid urbanization, unhealthy dietary habits, reduced physical activity, and sedentary lifestyles. It is a complex medical condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat that negatively affects overall health and well-being. The increasing consumption of processed foods, fast food culture, stress, lack of exercise, and excessive screen time have contributed greatly to the growing prevalence of obesity among both adults and children. Obesity is closely associated with several lifestyle diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and certain forms of cancer. These diseases not only reduce the quality of life but also increase healthcare costs and mortality rates worldwide. The causes, consequences, and preventive measures related to obesity and lifestyle diseases in contemporary society. the role of nutrition, physical activity, mental health, and awareness in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The importance of government initiatives, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and community participation in promoting healthy living practices. Furthermore, it discusses how technological advancements and changing work patterns have influenced modern lifestyles and contributed to health-related challenges.
Reception and Interactive Storytelling Strategies
This study examines the nature of interactive storytelling as one of the narrative transformations generated by the digital environment, through exploring the new relationship established among the elements of the narrative process within modern interactive platforms. It focuses on reception strategies and the mechanisms through which audiences engage with interactive digital texts, as well as the resulting reconstruction of meaning and redirection of the narrative path. The study also seeks to uncover the transformations affecting the role of the recipient, highlighting the diversity of reception strategies within the contemporary interactive environment. In addition, it investigates the contribution of interactive storytelling to breaking the linearity of narration and establishing a participatory relationship between creator and audience.
Public Health Challenges in Developing Countries
Public health challenges remain a major concern in developing countries due to rapid population growth, poverty, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited medical resources, and lack of awareness regarding preventive healthcare. Many developing nations continue to face serious health issues such as malnutrition, infectious diseases, maternal and child mortality, poor sanitation, and limited access to clean drinking water. In addition, the growing burden of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders has further increased pressure on healthcare systems. Urbanization, environmental pollution, unemployment, and unequal distribution of healthcare facilities also contribute significantly to public health problems in these countries. The major public health challenges faced by developing countries and analyzes their social, economic, and environmental causes. It highlights the impact of inadequate healthcare services, shortage of trained medical professionals, poor health education, and insufficient government funding on public well-being. The role of epidemics, pandemics, and infectious diseases in affecting vulnerable populations, especially women, children, and rural communities.
The Arab Self in the Age of Globalization: Transformations of Identity Construction in Contemporary Arabic Fiction between the Local and the Global
This study investigates the mechanisms of "identity construction" for the contemporary Arab self within modern Arabic fiction, during an era of globalization that imposes tension between the local and the global. Employing a cultural critical approach, it deconstructs how narrative discourse functions as a symbolic space for shaping an ongoing "becoming" of identities through continuous negotiation, beyond the logic of fixed "being." Through analysis of prominent fictional models - such as Celestial Bodies by JokhaAlharthi and Frankenstein in Baghdad by Ahmed Saadawi -the study concludes that Arabic narrative has transcended binary confrontational logic toward establishing hybrid and composite identities capable of accommodating change without dissolution, thereby offering an "alternative narrative" that resists stereotyping and affirms the right to difference.
Impact of Pollution on Human Health and Well-Being
Pollution has become one of the most serious environmental and public health challenges in modern society. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and excessive use of natural resources have significantly increased different forms of pollution, including air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution. These environmental problems have harmful effects on human health, quality of life, and overall well-being. Exposure to polluted environments contributes to various physical and mental health disorders such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, skin infections, stress, anxiety, and weakened immunity. Vulnerable groups including children, elderly individuals, and people with pre-existing health conditions are especially affected by pollution-related health risks. The impact of pollution on human health and well-being and analyzes the major causes and consequences of environmental degradation. the effects of industrial waste, vehicle emissions, chemical contamination, improper waste disposal, and urban development on public health. how polluted air and contaminated water contribute to diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, hypertension, waterborne infections, and other chronic illnesses. the psychological and social effects of pollution, including reduced quality of life, mental stress, and environmental insecurity.
Somatotype Profiles and their Relationship to Swimming Motor Skills in Undergraduate Sports Training Students
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between somatotype components and fundamental swimming skills among undergraduate students specializing in sports training, swimming track.Forty-two male aged 17 to 20 took part in this study. Somatotypes were determined using the Heath-Carter anthropometric method. Swimming skills, were assessed using standardized tests. A significant differences were found across somatotype groups for all swimming skills (p<0.01). Mesomorphic students demonstrated superior propulsion, with significantly longer glide distances and better swimming index compared to ectomorphs and endomorphs. Endomorphic individuals exhibited greater buoyancy but reduced propulsion efficiency and slower swim speeds. Pearson correlations indicated that mesomorphy positively correlated with glide (r=0,68) and swimming index (r=0,72),while endomorphy correlated positively with buoyancy (r=0,75) but negatively with propulsion (r=-0,70). Somatotypes significantly impact swimming motor skill proficiency among late-learning students.These findings support the incorporation of morphology informed, individualized swimming instruction strategies to optimize motor skill acquisition and performance.
Health Awareness and Preventive Healthcare Practices
Health awareness and preventive healthcare practices play a crucial role in improving public health and reducing the burden of diseases in modern society. Rapid urbanization, changing lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, stress, environmental pollution, and lack of physical activity have increased the prevalence of both communicable and non-communicable diseases worldwide. In this context, awareness regarding healthy living and preventive healthcare measures has become essential for maintaining physical, mental, and social well-being. Preventive healthcare focuses on avoiding diseases before they occur through practices such as regular health check-ups, vaccination, balanced nutrition, exercise, hygiene, and early diagnosis. The importance of health awareness and preventive healthcare practices in promoting overall well-being and improving quality of life. It highlights how public knowledge regarding nutrition, sanitation, physical fitness, mental health, and disease prevention can reduce healthcare costs and minimize the spread of illnesses. the role of healthcare institutions, educational organizations, governments, and media in spreading health awareness and encouraging healthy lifestyle practices among people of all age groups.
The Cultural Identity in the Age of Digital Globalization: Between the Threat of Dissolution and the Question of Resilience
This research explores the tension between the threat of cultural erosion and the possibilities for cultural resilience in Algeria within the context of digital globalization. It examines the effects of global digital platforms on Algerian cultural identity, highlighting both the risks posed by cultural homogenization and the opportunities these platforms offer for cultural revitalization. Through theoretical frameworks of technological determinism and cultural hegemony, the study analyzes how Algerian youth engage with global digital content and the symbolic ramifications of these interactions. At the same time, it identifies emerging forms of cultural resistance and innovation, where Algerians are using digital platforms to assert their cultural identity. Ultimately, the research emphasizes the need for a strategic approach to digital literacy, media policy, and content creation to ensure the preservation and growth of Algerian cultural identity in the digital era.
"Assessment of Offshore Wind Energy Potential and Development Strategies: A Global Perspective"
The rapid growth of global energy demand and the pressing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have driven significant interest in offshore wind energy as a sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the offshore wind energy potential across various geographical regions, analyzing key factors such as wind resource availability, technological advancements, and economic feasibility. By evaluating case studies from Europe, Asia, and North America, the research identifies the most promising locations for offshore wind development and examines the strategies employed by different countries to overcome the challenges associated with offshore wind deployment, including grid integration, environmental concerns, and high capital costs. The study also explores the role of policy frameworks and international collaboration in fostering the growth of offshore wind energy. The findings suggest that while significant potential exists globally, the success of offshore wind projects largely depends on the adoption of innovative technologies, supportive policies, and well-coordinated development strategies. The paper concludes by proposing recommendations for enhancing the viability and sustainability of offshore wind energy as a key contributor to the global renewable energy mix.
Burnout and Its Relationship with Self-Efficacy Among Primary School Teachers: A Field Study in Blida Province, Algeria
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the levels of burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) and self-efficacy among primary school teachers, and to examine the nature of the relationship between burnout dimensions and self-efficacy. Methodology: A descriptive correlational design was employed. An accidental sample of 1,082 primary school teachers from the schools of Blida province (Algeria) participated in the study. Data were collected using three instruments: the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES) adapted to the Algerian context by Warda Alaziz (2016), the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) translated into Arabic by Huda Al-Khalailleh (2011), and a demographic information form. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The findings revealed varying levels across burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion was high (56.1% of teachers), while depersonalization was low (50.6%) and a low level of reduced personal accomplishment (i.e., a high sense of personal accomplishment) was observed in 94.7% of teachers. Furthermore, teacher self-efficacy was high (62% of teachers). Most importantly, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between all three dimensions of burnout and self-efficacy (emotional exhaustion: r = -0.334, p < 0.01; depersonalization: r = -0.253, p < 0.01; reduced personal accomplishment: r = -0.356, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study confirms that high levels of teacher self-efficacy are associated with lower levels of burnout, particularly depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The findings highlight the protective role of self-efficacy beliefs against professional burnout. The study recommends integrating self-efficacy enhancement programs into pre-service and in-service teacher training.
"Environmental Impacts and Sustainability Considerations in Offshore Renewable Energy Projects"
Offshore renewable energy projects, including wind, wave, and tidal energy, are gaining momentum as essential components of the global transition to sustainable energy. While these technologies offer significant environmental benefits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels, they also pose challenges that must be carefully managed to ensure their long-term sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the environmental impacts associated with offshore renewable energy projects, focusing on key areas such as marine ecosystems, seabird populations, and coastal environments. Through a review of current research and case studies, the study identifies the potential risks and benefits of these projects, as well as the mitigation strategies that have been developed to minimize their ecological footprint. Additionally, the paper explores the broader sustainability considerations, including the lifecycle analysis of offshore energy technologies, the role of environmental impact assessments (EIAs), and the importance of stakeholder engagement in project planning and development. The findings highlight the need for a balanced approach that maximizes the environmental benefits of offshore renewable energy while minimizing its adverse effects, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
The Image of the Baghdadis in Ibn Jubayr’s Travel Account: An Analytical and Comparative Study in Light of Geographical and Historical Sources
The descriptive discourse of the Andalusian traveler Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH/1217 CE) concerning the morals of the Baghdadis presents an epistemological paradox worthy of critical examination. His sharp critical descriptions appear to conflict with the positive image drawn by historians of regions and travelers regarding the people of Iraq throughout the ages. Based on this problematique, this study seeks to re-examine the image of the “Other” in Ibn Jubayr’s travel account by investigating the motives behind his critical judgment and situating it within its proper historical and social context, rather than hastily attributing it to personal bias. To achieve this objective, the study adopts a discourse analysis approach through a cross-comparative examination of Ibn Jubayr’s text and the writings of his contemporaries and predecessors, such as al-Masʿūdī, al-Maqdisī, and Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. It also traces changes in the structure of Baghdadi society amid the political disturbances that preceded the Mongol invasion. The study concludes that Ibn Jubayr’s descriptions reflect a precise field observation of deteriorating moral and social phenomena resulting from the state of social anxiety that characterized his era. This conclusion is further supported by the variation in his judgments regarding different Iraqi cities, as evidenced by his praise of Mosul and Tikrit, which refutes accusations of generalization or prejudice and confirms that his observations constituted a response to a troubled sociological and historical reality in Baghdad at the time.
"Advancements in Offshore Wind Turbine Technology: Enhancing Efficiency and Reliability"
The offshore wind energy sector has seen remarkable growth in recent years, driven by the urgent need for renewable energy sources and the significant potential of wind resources over open waters. Central to this expansion are the technological advancements in wind turbine design and operation, which have substantially improved the efficiency, reliability, and economic viability of offshore wind farms. the latest innovations in offshore wind turbine technology, focusing on key areas such as turbine size and capacity, blade design, materials engineering, and control systems. It also examines the development of floating wind turbines, which have expanded the geographical range of offshore wind energy into deeper waters. Additionally, the role of digitalization and predictive maintenance in enhancing turbine reliability and reducing operational costs. The findings underscore the critical importance of continued technological innovation in overcoming the challenges associated with offshore wind energy, ensuring that it remains a cornerstone of the global transition to sustainable energy. outlining future directions for research and development, emphasizing the need for collaboration between industry, academia, and policymakers to drive further advancements in this field.
Nanophysics: Innovations in Nanomaterials and Their Technological Applications
Nanophysics, the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at the nanometer scale, has led to significant innovations in nanomaterials and their technological applications. This paper explores recent advancements in nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, quantum dots, and nanocomposites, highlighting their exceptional properties and fabrication techniques. The applications of these nanomaterials span various domains including medicine, electronics, energy, environment, and agriculture. In medicine, nanomaterials enhance drug delivery systems, imaging, and diagnostics. In electronics, they contribute to the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient devices. Energy storage and conversion technologies benefit from nanomaterials, improving battery performance and solar cell efficiency. Environmental applications include water purification and pollution remediation, while agriculture benefits from nanomaterials in crop protection and soil management. Despite their immense potential, challenges related to scalability, cost, and safety need to be addressed. Future research is expected to focus on developing new nanomaterials with tailored properties, driven by advances in computational modeling and collaborative efforts. Nanomaterials are poised to transform various industries, making significant contributions to technological progress and societal well-being.
Sustainable Marketing and Brand Image: Analysis of Transparency and Digital Communication in the Algerian Cosmetics Sector Case Study: Azur Cosmétique
This paper explores the relationship between sustainable marketing and brand image, based on a survey conducted with a sample of consumers. The findings reveal that transparency, environmental commitment, and credibility in marketing communications positively affect customer perception and strengthen purchase intention. Statistical results confirm that ecological sensitivity and the importance attributed to social engagement are key determinants of brand trust. The analysis also highlights methodological limitations related to sampling and the absence of individual data, while suggesting avenues for future research.
“Impact of Digital Payments on Consumer Spending Behavior”
Digital payment systems have transformed the modern financial landscape by providing fast, convenient, and secure methods of financial transactions. The increasing use of mobile banking, online payment platforms, debit and credit cards, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), digital wallets, and contactless payment systems has significantly changed consumer purchasing patterns and spending behavior. In recent years, the growth of digital technology, internet accessibility, and government initiatives promoting cashless transactions have accelerated the adoption of digital payments across different sectors of the economy. The present study examines the impact of digital payments on consumer spending behavior and financial decision-making. how digital payment methods influence consumer purchasing habits, expenditure patterns, impulsive buying behavior, convenience, and financial management practices. It also analyzes factors affecting the adoption of digital payments such as technological awareness, security concerns, ease of use, internet penetration, and government policies. Secondary and primary data collected through surveys, reports, and published research studies form the basis of the analysis.
Fortification Plan of the City of Algiers during the Ottoman Period
The security plan of the city of Algiers, in its general form, was established during the Ottoman period, according to the conditions set by the scholars of Islamic urban jurisprudence, which must be met in the planning of Islamic cities. They strengthened it security-wise by building walls and towers and equipping it with military gear, as well as seeking to close gaps and remedy the weak points in its security plan. They chose the city to be located on a hill, which is a natural fortification, and they surrounded it with a strong wall flanked by towers and batteries. Thus, the condition of protection and the provision of security was achieved in the city, in order to preserve the lives of the inhabitants, secure their property, and fulfill this condition, which played a fundamental role in the stability of the city and its growth in all vital fields, including the political, economic, and social fields. Thus, the city of Algiers became a city comparable to major cities, with great military power on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
“Financial Literacy and Investment Awareness Among Youth”
Financial literacy and investment awareness have become increasingly important among youth in the modern economic environment characterized by digital banking, online investment platforms, and growing financial opportunities. Financial literacy refers to the knowledge and understanding of financial concepts such as budgeting, saving, banking, credit management, taxation, insurance, and investment planning. Investment awareness involves understanding various investment options, financial risks, and strategies for wealth creation and financial security. The level of financial literacy and investment awareness among youth and analyzes its impact on financial decision-making and investment behavior. The awareness of financial products and investment avenues such as savings accounts, fixed deposits, mutual funds, stock markets, insurance policies, cryptocurrencies, and retirement planning. It also evaluates the factors influencing financial literacy among youth, including education, family background, income level, digital media exposure, and financial education programs. Secondary and primary data collected through surveys, reports, and published research studies form the basis of the analysis.
An Attempt to Use ARIMA Models to Forecast Inflation Rates in Algeria
The aim of this study is to attempt to forecast monthly inflation rates in Algeria for the period (February 2025 – January 2027), through the analysis of monthly time-series data on inflation rates in Algeria extending from January 2010 to January 2025, and to determine whether ARIMA models can be relied upon to forecast inflation rates in Algeria in the short term. By applying the Box-Jenkins methodology, the results of this study showed that these models can be relied upon to forecast the inflationary phenomenon in Algeria in the short term, and that the appropriate model among the candidate models is the ARIMA(6,1,5) model, after it passed all statistical tests and its validity for short-term forecasting was confirmed.
Revisiting the Past: The Role of Historical Narratives in Shaping National Identity
This study examines the significant role of historical narratives in the construction and evolution of national identity. Historical narratives, whether transmitted through textbooks, literature, political discourse, or public memory, serve not merely as records of the past but as interpretive frameworks that shape collective consciousness. The nations actively construct selective versions of history to foster unity, legitimize political authority, and cultivate a shared sense of belonging among citizens. Focusing on both global and Indian contexts, the study highlights how colonial histories, independence movements, and postcolonial reinterpretations have influenced national identity formation. It also explores the role of historiography in reinforcing or challenging dominant narratives, emphasizing how marginalized voices are often excluded from mainstream historical accounts. Through critical analysis, the dynamic and contested nature of historical memory, where competing interpretations of the past continue to influence contemporary identity politics.
Comparative literature, from Euro Centrism to Globalism
Comparative literature was officially founded by the Frenchman Abel Villemain in 1827, despite the existence of roots in comparison between the literatures of nations and peoples, such as the comparisons made by the Romans with the literatures of the Greeks and the Babylonians with the literatures of the Sumerians.In addition to the emergence of scientific research methods in the 19th century, which influenced comparative studies, moving from superficial studies to studies based on scientific methodology.The French school dominated the field of comparative literature for nearly a century, establishing standards and principles for comparative studies as the single dominant trend known as the French concept of comparative literature.But in 1958, the American critic René Wellek delivered a lecture entitled "The Crisis of Comparative Literature" during the Second Congress of Comparative Literature. His article, which was later published, met with considerable resonance, shaking all the foundations and principles of the French School, thus announcing the birth of a new trend with new principles and foundations, namely the American School, thus shifting from Euro centrism to globalism.
Working Capital Management in Small and Medium Enterprises
Working capital management is a crucial aspect of financial management that ensures the smooth functioning and operational efficiency of business organizations, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It involves the management of current assets and current liabilities to maintain adequate liquidity and profitability. Effective working capital management enables enterprises to meet short-term financial obligations, improve cash flow, and support day-to-day business activities. The importance of working capital management and its impact on the financial performance and sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises. The study focuses on major components of working capital such as cash management, inventory management, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. It also analyzes the relationship between working capital efficiency and profitability using financial indicators including the current ratio, quick ratio, inventory turnover ratio, and working capital turnover ratio. Secondary data collected from financial statements, business reports, and published records of selected SMEs form the basis of the analysis
The Reality of Hydrogen and Renewable Energies in International Legislation
The Mediterranean countries are a very promising region for solar energy potential, along with Mali and the Sultanate of Oman, which are a fundamental pillar for the production of green hydrogen. At the same time, new opportunities are opening up for “gold hydrogen”, or natural or geological hydrogen. The research is devoted to the analysis of the international legal framework (Paris Agreement and Energy Charter Treaty) and national legislation in the leading countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt). It also reviews the challenges and opportunities in the development, transportation and trade of these two energy resources, and provides recommendations to bolster regional cooperation and promote sustainable investment.
Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Financial Growth
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an important aspect of modern business management that focuses on the ethical, social, and environmental responsibilities of corporations toward society. CSR refers to the voluntary initiatives and practices adopted by organizations to contribute to social welfare, environmental sustainability, and economic development while maintaining business profitability. In recent years, companies have increasingly recognized that socially responsible practices not only improve corporate reputation but also contribute significantly to financial growth and long-term business sustainability. The role of Corporate Social Responsibility in promoting financial growth and organizational performance. various dimensions of CSR, including environmental protection, employee welfare, community development, ethical business practices, and corporate philanthropy. the relationship between CSR activities and financial performance using indicators such as profitability, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), market value, and brand reputation. Secondary data collected from annual reports, corporate disclosures, and published research studies form the basis of the analysis.
Urgency of Survival and Urgency of Meaning: A Comparative Study of Carmen Martin Gaité and Malika Mokeddem
This article offers a comparative analysis of Entre visillos by Carmen Martín Gaite and L’interdite by Malika Mokeddem, examining the concept of “writing of urgency” across two distinct socio-historical contexts: Francoist Spain and 1990s Algeria. Drawing on a comparative methodology that combines close reading, sociocriticism, and geocriticism, the study investigates the interplay between body, space, and discourse in the construction of female subjectivity. The findings reveal that, despite contextual differences, both works articulate convergent structures of domination through the regulation of female bodies and spatial access. The article redefines “writing of urgency” as an aesthetic category, distinguishing between urgency of survival, linked to contexts of explicit violence, and urgency of meaning, associated with forms of silent oppression. This dual framework expands the analytical scope of the concept and enables a transcontextual reading of female resistance. Ultimately, the study highlights literature as a privileged site of symbolic resistance and the reconfiguration of female subjectivity.
Digital Payments and Financial Inclusion in Rural Economies
The expansion of digital payment systems has emerged as a key driver of financial inclusion, particularly in rural economies where access to formal banking services has traditionally been limited. This study examines how digital payment technologies, including mobile wallets, online banking platforms, and real-time payment systems, contribute to enhancing financial access and economic participation in underserved regions. Platforms such as PhonePe and Paytm have played a significant role in bridging the gap between rural populations and formal financial systems. a qualitative and analytical approach, drawing on secondary data and case studies to assess the impact of digital payments on financial inclusion. Findings indicate that digital payment systems reduce transaction costs, improve accessibility, and provide convenient financial services to individuals who lack access to traditional banking infrastructure. They also facilitate government benefit transfers, support small businesses, and promote savings and financial literacy. However, the study also identifies several challenges that limit the effectiveness of digital payments in rural areas. Issues such as limited digital literacy, inadequate internet connectivity, lack of trust in digital systems, and cybersecurity concerns hinder widespread adoption. Additionally, socio-economic factors and infrastructural constraints continue to create barriers to full financial inclusion. while digital payments have significant potential to transform rural economies and promote inclusive growth, their success depends on improving digital infrastructure, enhancing financial literacy, and strengthening regulatory frameworks. A collaborative approach involving governments, financial institutions, and technology providers is essential to ensure sustainable and equitable financial inclusion.
Critical Literary Analysis Assisted by Artificial Intelligence in the University Classroom for Spanish as a Foreign Language
This study aims at evaluating the potential of conversational artificial intelligence (AI) in the analysis of literary texts in the university classroom for teaching Spanish as a foreign language (SFL) compared to the traditional method. It is carried out using an exploratory comparative design with an experimental group and a control group. The sample consists of third-year SFL undergraduate students at Ibn Khaldoun University in Tiaret, Algeria. The aim is to compare the effects of both methods on variables such as literary competence, considered in its critical, reflective and interpretative dimensions, and assessed through students’ interaction with the symbols abundantly present in the selected corpus. As for the results, it is highlighted, amongst other things, that although AI can support literary analysis, the traditional method remains effective in developing students’ creative abilities and enabling them to construct meaning for themselves.
Financial Planning and Profit Maximization in Corporations
Financial planning is an essential function of corporate financial management that focuses on the effective allocation and utilization of financial resources to achieve organizational objectives and maximize profits. It involves forecasting financial requirements, managing income and expenditure, budgeting, investment planning, and controlling financial risks. Proper financial planning enables corporations to maintain liquidity, improve operational efficiency, and ensure long-term business sustainability. The role of financial planning in achieving profit maximization in corporations through an analysis of financial strategies and management practices. components of financial planning such as budgeting, capital budgeting, cash flow management, investment decisions, and risk management. It also analyzes the relationship between effective financial planning and corporate profitability using financial indicators including net profit ratio, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Earnings per Share (EPS). Secondary data collected from annual reports, financial statements, and published corporate records form the basis of the analysis
The Philosophy of the Brethren of Purity: A Linguistic Approach to Conceptual Structure and Epistemological Discourse
This study addresses the linguistic dimensions of the Brethren of Purity's philosophy by analyzing the conceptual structure and epistemological discourse of their Epistles. It proceeds from a research problem centered on the role of language in the construction of knowledge and the formulation of philosophical conceptions among the Brethren of Purity. The study aims to analyze the central concepts of the Brethren’s discourse, to uncover its semantic, argumentative, and pragmatic features, and to elucidate the relationship between language and reason in their intellectual project. It adopts a descriptive-analytical method, supported by selected tools of discourse analysis, in order to examine the philosophical texts contained in the Epistles. The findings show that language performs a cognitive function that extends beyond communication, and that the concepts of reason, soul, wisdom, knowledge, and demonstration constitute the semantic nucleus of the Brethren’s thought. The study also reveals the Brethren of Purity’s reliance on a range of argumentative mechanisms that contributed to the construction of an Arabic philosophical discourse combining an epistemological dimension with a reformist function.
Risk Management Strategies in Global Financial Markets
Risk management is a fundamental aspect of global financial markets, where increasing complexity, interconnectedness, and volatility expose institutions and investors to a wide range of financial risks. This study examines key risk management strategies employed in global markets, including diversification, hedging, asset allocation, and the use of financial derivatives. Drawing on the principles of Risk Management, the research analyzes how these strategies help mitigate risks arising from market fluctuations, credit defaults, liquidity constraints, and systemic shocks. conceptual and analytical approach, utilizing secondary data and existing literature to evaluate the effectiveness of various risk management techniques. Findings suggest that diversification across asset classes and geographic regions reduces exposure to specific risks, while hedging instruments such as futures, options, and swaps provide protection against adverse price movements. Additionally, advanced tools such as value-at-risk (VaR), stress testing, and scenario analysis enable financial institutions to assess potential losses and prepare for extreme market conditions. The growing role of technology and data analytics in risk management, including the use of artificial intelligence and real-time monitoring systems. However, challenges such as model risk, regulatory complexities, and market uncertainty continue to limit the effectiveness of risk management strategies. The global financial crisis demonstrated that inadequate risk assessment and over-reliance on quantitative models can lead to significant systemic failures.
Emotional Detachment Between Spouses and Methods of Prevention: Psychological and Sharia Perspectives
A harmonious marital relationship has an effective and constructive impact on mental health, and its continuity is linked to the couple’s ability to successfully cope with changes in the marital relationship. If the couple fails to make the relationship work, what is known as emotional separation occurs, and the spiritual marital bond built on emotion, affection and compassion is transformed into a formal bond dominated by formality and self-interest. Emotional separation between spouses, now known as emotional divorce, has become a reality imposed on many families. It is one of the most serious emotional relationship problems between spouses, as it is a marriage lacking in emotion, affection and compassion – which are considered the foundations and pillars of every strong home. For this reason, the study aimed to shed light on the nature of emotional separation and ways to prevent it before it leads to Sharia divorce.
Green Bonds as Instruments for Sustainable Development Financing
Green bonds have emerged as an innovative financial instrument for mobilizing capital toward environmentally sustainable projects and supporting long-term economic development. Within the framework of Sustainable Finance, green bonds are specifically designed to finance projects related to renewable energy, climate change mitigation, energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, and environmental conservation. the role of green bonds in promoting sustainable development financing by analyzing their growth, structure, and impact on global financial markets. Using a qualitative and analytical approach, the research draws on secondary data and existing literature to evaluate how green bonds contribute to channeling investments into environmentally responsible initiatives. The findings indicate that green bonds enhance access to capital for sustainable projects, attract environmentally conscious investors, and support the transition to a low-carbon economy. the increasing participation of governments, financial institutions, and corporations in issuing green bonds, reflecting a growing commitment to sustainability goals. Additionally, green bonds promote transparency and accountability through reporting requirements and the use of proceeds for specific environmental purposes.
Universities in Algeria and their Impact on Economic Diversification: Challenges and Strategies
Algeria, heavily dependent on hydrocarbons, faces increasing economic vulnerability, highlighting the need for strategic diversification. This research analyzes the role that Algerian universities can play in this process, particularly through education, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Based on the theory of endogenous growth (Romer, Lucas, Barro), the study emphasizes the importance of investment in education and R&D. The case of Mouloud Mammeri University, through its various support structures, is examined to assess the impact of the incubator and support systems on the entrepreneurial ecosystem. A quali-quantitative approach is adopted to identify the key drivers and obstacles to this contribution. The results show that universities can foster the emergence of innovative start-ups. University-business collaborations are essential to this dynamic. Strengthening tailored training programs and applied research is recommended. Thus, the university becomes a key actor in the country's economic resilience.
Capital Structure and Firm Performance: A Comparative Study
Capital structure plays a significant role in determining the financial stability and overall performance of a firm. It refers to the proportion of debt and equity used by a company to finance its operations and growth. The relationship between capital structure and firm performance through a comparative analysis of selected companies across different sectors. The research focuses on evaluating how varying levels of debt and equity influence profitability, operational efficiency, and market performance. financial indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings per Share (EPS), and Debt-to-Equity Ratio to measure firm performance and capital structure efficiency. Secondary data collected from annual reports, financial statements, and published corporate records form the basis of the analysis. The comparative approach helps identify similarities and differences in financing strategies adopted by firms and their impact on financial outcomes. an optimal balance between debt and equity contributes positively to firm performance, while excessive dependence on debt may increase financial risk and reduce profitability. the effect of capital structure varies across industries due to differences in operational requirements, market conditions, and management policies. effective capital structure management is essential for achieving long-term financial sustainability and maximizing shareholder wealth.
Between Literary Commitment and Ecological Consciousness in Rachid Mimouni’s Trilogy
Rewriting real historical facts in a fictional framework was the clear objective of Maghrebian Francophone writers. Making writing a means of revolt and combat was largely asserted in their writings and productions, following the example of Rachid Mimouni, who, using factual material and through an unconventional writing style, depicts Algerian reality and reveals the deepest wounds of a society in full disorder once independence was acquired.In fact, the latter, known as the writer of disenchantment, aligns himself with the trend of nationalist authors, who are never inclined to bow before the falsifiers of historical truth. The ultimate objective of this paper will be to demonstrate that the author's sense of commitment transcends the sociopolitical lens to invest in the environmental field, driven by a discourse of awakening and safe guarding the natural world.
Migration and Identity: Historical Perspectives on Diaspora Communities
The relationship between migration and identity through a historical analysis of diaspora communities across different regions and time periods. It examines how the movement of people—whether voluntary or forced—has shaped cultural, social, and political identities, both in host societies and in places of origin. The study argues that diaspora identities are dynamic and continuously evolving, influenced by memory, adaptation, and transnational connections. historical patterns of migration, including trade-based mobility, colonial displacement, indentured labor, and modern economic migration. It highlights how diasporic communities negotiate their identities by balancing preservation of cultural heritage with integration into new social environments. Concepts such as hybridity, belonging, and cultural exchange are central to understanding the formation of diaspora identities. Drawing on theoretical perspectives, including the work of Stuart Hall and Homi K. Bhabha, the study examines how identity in diaspora is constructed through processes of representation, memory, and interaction with dominant cultures. It also considers the role of language, religion, and traditions in maintaining a sense of community and continuity.
Health and Cultural Transformations of the African Migrant Woman: An Anthropological Study of Irregular Migration
This study aims to analyze the health and cultural transformations experienced by the African migrant woman in the context of migration, through an anthropological approach that seeks to understand the relationship between the migration trajectory and her health conditions and cultural representations. The study departs from the hypothesis that the migration experience leads to reshaping the health and cultural practices of the migrant woman through the interaction between transit conditions, social fragility, and original cultural references. The study is based on three main axes: the impact of the transit phase on the physical and psychological health of the migrant woman; the reflections of fragility and social stigma on her health and social conditions; and the dynamics of change and stability in cultural practices related to health. To achieve its objectives, the study adopts the qualitative anthropological method through in-depth interviews and field observation, allowing for an understanding of the lived experiences of migrant women in their social and cultural contexts. The study seeks to contribute to enriching scientific knowledge on women's migration issues, health, and culture, and to highlight the health and social challenges facing the African migrant woman and her adaptation mechanisms to the reality of migration.
Renewable Energy Technologies and the Physics of Solar Cells
Renewable energy technologies have become increasingly important in addressing global challenges related to energy security, environmental sustainability, and climate change. Among the various renewable energy sources, solar energy is one of the most abundant, clean, and sustainable forms of energy available. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic (PV) cells, are devices that directly convert sunlight into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. The development and advancement of solar cell technology have significantly contributed to the global transition from fossil fuel-based energy systems to sustainable energy solutions. The operation of solar cells is fundamentally based on principles of physics, particularly semiconductor physics, electromagnetism, and quantum mechanics. When photons from sunlight strike a semiconductor material, such as silicon, they transfer energy to electrons, creating electron-hole pairs that generate an electric current. The efficiency of this energy conversion process depends on several physical factors, including band gap energy, charge carrier mobility, recombination rates, and material properties. Understanding these principles is essential for improving solar cell performance and developing next-generation photovoltaic technologies.
A Field Study on the Role of Peer Review in Enhancing the Quality of External Auditing and the Extent of Its Compatibility with the Tasks of the Quality Control Committee in the Algerian Environment
This paper aims to shed light on one of the mechanisms used to monitor the quality of external auditing, namely the Peer Review Program, and to determine its role in improving the quality of external auditing as well as its compatibility with the functions of the Quality Control Committee in the Algerian environment. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was designed and directed specifically to professionals and academics in the fields of accounting and auditing. After presenting both the theoretical and empirical aspects of the study, a key finding was reached: the Peer Review Program can be adapted to meet the requirements of the Algerian environment. In conclusion, the researcher proposed several recommendations, including the need to raise awareness about the importance of adopting quality control systems due to their effective role in developing and improving the performance of auditing professionals.
Artificial Intelligence in Experimental Physics Research
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in scientific research, significantly influencing the field of experimental physics. The increasing complexity of modern experiments, coupled with the generation of vast amounts of data from advanced instruments and detectors, has created a growing need for intelligent computational methods capable of efficient data analysis, pattern recognition, and decision-making. AI techniques, including machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, and data-driven algorithms, have become valuable tools for addressing these challenges and accelerating scientific discovery. In experimental physics, AI is applied across a wide range of research areas, including particle physics, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, plasma physics, and quantum science. AI systems can analyze large datasets, identify hidden patterns, optimize experimental parameters, automate data collection, and improve the accuracy of measurements. These capabilities enable researchers to process information more efficiently than traditional analytical methods and facilitate the discovery of new physical phenomena. AI-driven techniques are also increasingly used in the operation of large-scale scientific facilities, such as particle accelerators, telescopes, and fusion reactors, where real-time monitoring and predictive analysis are essential.
Folk Text Between Epistemological Rupture and Modernizing Aspiration: Towards a Transcendent Cognitive Logic That Reformulates Academic Discourse - The Stakes of Innovation and Modernity in Algerian University Programs
This research is situated within a sensitive and urgent academic context concerning a profound epistemological crisis facing folk texts in Algerian university institutions, where the fundamental problematic lies in the cognitive rupture that this text suffers between a system of traditional curricula whose balance has been disrupted on one hand, and the necessities of contemporary intellectual modernization and modernity on the other hand. The essence of this problematic lies in the acute gap between what current university programs offer and what contemporary reality requires in terms of advanced critical perspectives and modern analytical tools for understanding and teaching folk texts, a situation that has led to a clear methodological disorder and a decline in the quality and depth of academic discourse on these texts. The research seeks to achieve a multidimensional primary objective consisting in constructing a transcendent and modern cognitive logic that transcends current methodological disorders and radically reformulates academic discourse on folk text. This objective requires a comprehensive reconstitution of educational structures and curricula in a way that ensures an advanced cognitive reconciliation between deeply rooted traditional perspectives and contemporary modernist approaches, thereby raising the quality and critical depth of scientific discourse. The importance of this research transcends the narrow academic framework to reach a real social and cultural responsibility, as it contributes directly to the development of university educational programs and the reshaping of the perspectives of new academic generations regarding folk literature and its cognitive and cultural value. Furthermore, the study reflects a commitment to improving the quality of higher education and reconsidering educational policies in a manner consistent with the aspirations of Algerian universities in elevating the level of their research and academic discourse. The research relied on a composite and multidimensional study methodology that combines several integrated approaches: the analytical epistemological approach that deconstructs current cognitive structures and reveals the foundations of their disorder, the critical comparative approach that measures the reality of university programs against standards of global intellectual modernity, and the approach of deep textual reading that analyzes folk texts themselves using modern analytical tools. This methodological composition allows for exploring the problematic from multiple angles and providing comprehensive and balanced solutions. The fundamental terms of the study revolve around several cognitive axes: epistemology as the study of cognitive and scientific foundations, cognitive rupture which refers to the division between contradictory cognitive models, reconstitution as a process of comprehensive rebuilding of the intellectual system, discursive modernization which means developing forms of academic expression, and literary modernity as a contemporary theoretical framework. These terms reflect the depth and complexity of the study's subject matter. The study has yielded pivotal and significant results confirming that current methodological disorders in university programs necessitate a radical and comprehensive re-engineering of the educational system. Results demonstrate that constructing a new and innovative academic model that encompasses the full complexities of folk text and respects its cultural and linguistic specificities is practically possible through activating contemporary modernist approaches. The study also emphasized the importance of achieving an advanced cognitive balance combining authenticity and contemporaneity, and the necessity of developing new educational mechanisms that keep pace with global critical developments without losing local cultural roots.
Healthcare Accessibility in Rural and Urban Areas
Healthcare accessibility is an essential factor in ensuring public health, social welfare, and overall quality of life. In many countries, significant differences exist between rural and urban areas regarding the availability, affordability, and quality of healthcare services. Urban regions often have better healthcare infrastructure, advanced medical technology, specialized hospitals, and a greater number of healthcare professionals, while rural areas frequently face shortages of medical facilities, trained healthcare workers, transportation, and essential medicines. These inequalities create serious challenges for people living in remote and underdeveloped regions, affecting their ability to receive timely and proper medical care. healthcare accessibility in rural and urban areas and analyzes the major factors responsible for healthcare disparities. It highlights issues such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure, poverty, lack of awareness, poor transportation systems, and unequal distribution of healthcare resources. The study also discusses the impact of healthcare inaccessibility on maternal and child health, disease prevention, emergency medical services, and management of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
The Judicial Rights of Dhimmis under Islamic Rule in al-Andalus: The Documents of Ibn Sahl al-Asadī (413–486 AH / 1022–1093 CE) as a Case Study
This study aims to shed light on the conditions of the dhimmis—non-Muslim subjects under Islamic protection—in Islamic al-Andalus through an analytical reading of the juridical and documentary sources. Drawing on the rich body of legal records preserved in Andalusian jurisprudence, the research examines the historical data that illuminate the nature of the relationships between the dhimmis and the Muslim community within a society characterized by religious plurality and social diversity. The study further seeks to demonstrate the pivotal role played by juridical compilations in documenting cases involving dhimmis, and to elucidate how Islamic legal rulings structured their presence within the social fabric of Andalusian society. The research addresses multiple dimensions of dhimmi life in al-Andalus, encompassing their religious practices, family and social rights, engagement in economic activity, and participation in political and administrative affairs. The documentary evidence simultaneously reveals the decisive role of jurists and judges in regulating and overseeing this relationship, ensuring the protection of the Islamic domain while maintaining a judicious balance between the principle of religious tolerance and the requirements of the legal order.
A Clinical Study on the Effects of Ayurvedic Rasayana Therapy on Healthy Aging
Healthcare providers are now focusing more on prevention and holistic ways to address the growing number of age-related health conditions around the world. Traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) provides a rejuvenation technique called Rasayana therapy that can help you live longer, feel more energized, and stave off the effects of aging. The current research takes a clinical look at Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy and its potential to promote healthy aging. utilizes a mixed-method clinical approach that centers on measuring the psychological and physiological aspects of aging in a specific age range of participants. Dietary and lifestyle changes, in addition to standardized Rasayana formulations, were given for a certain period of time. Using established evaluation instruments, we tracked vital signs including immunity, cognitive capacity, physical strength, and general well-being. show that the participants' general health significantly improved, which included their immunity, stress levels, metabolic function, and mental clarity. Without negative side effects, rasayana therapy showed promise in promoting holistic health and reversing degenerative processes. An essential tenet of Ayurveda, the study also stresses the significance of tailoring treatment plans to each patient for the best possible results.
Artificial Intelligence Readiness and Financial Inclusion as Drivers of Economic Growth in Emerging Economies: Evidence from India, Kenya, Brazil, Indonesia and South Africa
This study investigates the relationships among artificial intelligence (AI) readiness, financial inclusion, and economic growth in five emerging economies, namely India, Kenya, Brazil, Indonesia, and South Africa, over the period 2017–2024. Using a balanced panel dataset consisting of 40 observations, the study employs pooled ordinary least squares and fixed-effects estimators to examine both the direct effect of AI readiness on economic growth and its indirect effect through financial inclusion. The empirical findings indicate that financial inclusion and investment positively and significantly contribute to economic growth. Conversely, no statistically significant evidence is found regarding the direct effect of AI readiness on economic growth or its indirect effect through financial inclusion. These results suggest that the economic benefits of artificial intelligence may require stronger institutional capacities, more advanced digital infrastructures, and higher levels of human capital before becoming visible at the macroeconomic level. The study contributes to the growing literature on artificial intelligence and development economics by providing new evidence from emerging economies and highlighting the continuing importance of financial inclusion and productive investment in the digital era.
Astrology and Personality: A Study that Compares Its Results to Current Theories
As a field of study, astrology has long postulated that a person's personality traits are influenced by the alignment of the heavens at the time of their birth. A symbolic framework for understanding human behavior is provided by this. In contrast, modern conceptions of personality are based on scientific studies conducted in the discipline of psychology. A number of competing hypotheses have put forth explanations for personality based on quantifiable traits, biological components, and environmental factors. This article examines the Big Five personality traits through the lens of both modern psychology models and astrological theories of personality. analysis of the similarities and differences between scientifically validated frameworks of personality and astrological classifications, such as zodiac signs and the traits associated with them... As opposed to the intuitive and culturally based descriptions of human traits supplied by astrology, modern astrological theories prioritize dependability, validity, and predicted correctness. Generic trait descriptions are one area of agreement, but methodological rigor and empirical evidence are two key areas of disagreement. Astrological personality interpretations, cognitive biases, and the need for a consistent story about one's life are some of the other topics investigated in this study. The analysis covers all of these subjects. To this day, astrology has the same impact on people's self-perception and social interactions as more formal personality theories, even though it has never been proven scientifically.
The Aesthetics of Religious Intertextuality in Andalusian Poetic Discourse: A Critical Study
The poetic vision derived from the religious heritage dominated vast areas of Andalusian literary texts. The religious text thus became a central nucleus from which a renewed creative and artistic energy emerged, the features of which are clearly manifested in prominent religious employments. This proposition is based on the notion that intertextuality is a critical term grounded in the idea of textual interaction, representing one of the most significant sources upon which the artistic experience of a distinguished group of Andalusian poets was built. The focus of this study revolves around Andalusian poetic discourse, tracing the manifestations of the Qur’anic text, the stories of the prophets, and the Noble Prophetic Hadith, which poets incorporated into their poems in a manner readily perceptible to the recipient. This intensive presence is attributable to the profound influence of Islamic teachings on these poets and to the breadth of their cultural knowledge. They believed that the Holy Qur’an brought about a radical transformation and a creative breakthrough in the course of Arabic literature. Accordingly, the study seeks to explore the extent to which these poets assimilated the religious heritage and to uncover the secrets of this intertextuality, which endowed the Andalusian text with a regenerative power and ensured its continuity and immortality across the ages, while granting their poetic texts distinctive creative dimensions and artistic potentials.
Horoscope Acceptance and the Barnum Effect from a Behavioral Science Point of View
Despite their generalizations and lack of specificity, horoscopes are widely accepted, which presents a great opportunity for behavioral science research. This study examines the factors that influence people's beliefs in the reliability of astrological predictions by using the Barnum Effect as a framework. the persuasive power of horoscope readings and how cognitive biases, emotional demands, and contextual factors play a role in this. Cognitive psychology and behavioral science also contributed to the study's conclusions. People often mistakenly feel that horoscopes accurately portray their personalities and life circumstances because of the way general, applicable terms are often seen as very personalized. Confirmation bias, selective memory, and the innate human propensity for pattern identification all work together to enhance this bias. Another factor to think about is how emotional factors, such the need for confirmation, direction, and self-awareness, might make people more receptive to astrological predictions. Media exposure and peer affirmation are two examples of the social and cultural factors that contribute to the normalcy of horoscope consumption. Horoscope acceptance is the expected result of innate cognitive processes interacting with social situations, rather than merely the product of irrational belief. That is proven by combining behavioral and psychological perspectives.
Ahmed Amin and the Reading of Islamic Heritage Structure and Influence
The issue of heritage has attracted considerable attention from numerous researchers of diverse cultural and ideological orientations. Consequently, many foundational attempts have emerged to interpret and study heritage. Among the most significant of these projects is Ahmed Amin’s trilogy: Fajr al-Islam (The Dawn of Islam), Duha al-Islam (The Forenoon of Islam), and Zuhr al-Islam (The Zenith of Islam). This project stands out for its distinctive qualities, as readers are often struck by the richness of its scholarly material, the depth of its thought, and the breadth of its analysis. Accordingly, this study is entitled “Ahmed Amin and the Reading of Islamic Heritage and Its Impact on Contemporary Intellectual Projects: The Trilogy as a Model.” The research addresses the following questions: How did the problematics of reading heritage emerge? What are the principal structural pathways that shaped Ahmed Amin’s trilogy? What influence did Ahmed Amin’s trilogy exert on contemporary intellectual projects? This study aims to identify the major structural trajectories that constituted the foundations of the historical reading of heritage in Ahmed Amin’s trilogy. Among the most important of these are comprehensiveness, historicity, and contextualization. The study also seeks to demonstrate the trilogy’s impact on contemporary intellectual projects concerned with the interpretation and study of heritage. Methodology: The study employs the analytical method to examine and clarify Ahmed Amin’s ideas, as well as the comparative method to reveal patterns of influence and interaction between Ahmed Amin’s thought and that of subsequent thinkers.
This Article Explores the Historical Roots of Astrology as Well as Its Contemporary Relevance.
One of the oldest systems of knowledge, astrology has experienced significant growth throughout civilizations while yet preserving its cultural and symbolic relevance. This is despite the fact that astrology has been around for some time. From its early beginnings in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt to its systematic formulation in Greek, Islamic, and Indian traditions, including its inclusion into the Vedas, the objective of this study is to trace the historical history of astrology. This will be accomplished by beginning with the early roots of astrology in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. By analyzing how astrology has changed over the course of history, the study demonstrates how it has adapted to various intellectual, religious, and cultural contexts. This is performed by analyzing the ways in which it has evolved throughout the course of time. This inquiry, which analyzes the evolution of astrology from a practice that encompassed the observation of celestial bodies and was tied to agricultural and ceremonial time, focuses on a more individualized system that focuses on individual horoscopes and character interpretation. The subject of this investigation is a more individualized system. An additional factor that is taken into account is the influence of scientific advancements, particularly those that took place during the time period known as the Enlightenment. The empirical validity of astrology was called into question as a result of these breakthroughs, which contributed to the decline of astrology within the realm of academic discourse. Although this was the case, astrology continued to exert a significant amount of influence in popular culture as well as in the belief systems of regular people. This can be due to the expansion of digital media, the growing interconnection of the world, and the revival of interest in alternative frameworks of self-understanding. Astrology has seen a tremendous rebirth in the modern age, which can be related to these factors. The manner in which modern astrology integrates classic concepts with contemporary concerns such as identity, mental health, and social belonging is referred to as transpersonal astrology.
Western Theoretical Policies in the Management of International Crises
What is meant by management policies and crisis management? What are their characteristics, components, and types? What is meant by Politics of International Crises and the associated political and legal dimensions? Answering these questions requires an exploration of the definitions of crises, their various types, and all related aspects. The focal point of this study lies in the Western theories that have examined international crises from their inception to their resolution. In this regard, the descriptive method has been adopted, while the research tool employed is purely documentary in nature, as required by the nature of the topic under discussion
Astrology and Machine Learning: Can Algorithms Better Predict What Will Happen to People
Machine learning has grown very quickly, which has changed predictive models in many areas. However, some people are not sure if it can beat belief-based systems like astrology at predicting what will happen in people's lives. Astrological systems use astronomical patterns and symbolic interpretation to make predictions. This study compares the prediction skills of algorithmic models created in Machine Learning and astrological systems. Our study's goal is to look into how machine learning models use very large datasets, statistical patterns, and computer-based methods to make predictions about people's behavior, decisions, and the results of their lives. Astrology, on the other hand, is based on broad correlations between the positions of the planets and human traits. As a result, its statements are not backed up by evidence and can not be made over and over again. By showing the differences between data-driven forecasts and interpretive belief systems, the study shows how the two approaches are different in how they work. Despite the fact that machine learning models have been shown to be correct, the study also looks into the psychological appeal of astrology. There are a number of reasons why astrology is still useful, even in places with a lot of technology. Cognitive biases, emotional demands, and cultural affects are some of these factors.
Mechanisms of Scientific Simplification in Arabic Grammar: A Descriptive-Analytical Study of the Arabic Language Textbook at the Primary Education Level
The transmission of knowledge from the teacher to the learner requires lowering it from the scholarly level to the learner’s level. This principle constitutes the foundation upon which the teaching of sciences and knowledge is based, since Arabic grammar as a science differs from Arabic grammar as a teaching subject. Therefore, gradual instruction, moving from the simple to the complex and from generalities to details, is of utmost necessity so that knowledge may be properly organized and structured in the learner’s mind. This study seeks to uncover the mechanisms of scientific simplification employed in Arabic grammar through an analysis of the grammar lessons prescribed at the three stages of primary education, as presented in the Arabic Language Textbook (Second Generation Curriculum). This study addresses the following research problem: What mechanisms did the designers of the Arabic language curriculum for primary education adopt in presenting Arabic grammar lessons? Among its most important findings is that distinguishing between Arabic grammar as a science and Arabic grammar as a teaching subject is an urgent necessity, since the perception of Arabic grammar as difficult and complex stems primarily from confusion between these two concepts. In addition, the use and repetition of simple examples in teaching Arabic grammar constitute a mechanism of scientific simplification and are not related to any deficiency in the language itself or to the inability of grammarians to devise examples illustrating grammatical rules. Furthermore, highlighting grammatical disagreements while teaching Arabic grammar especially during the early stages of learning tends to distract learners rather than broaden their knowledge and develop their acquired competencies. Based on these findings, the study recommends abandoning the mechanism of “modification” in knowledge transmission in general and grammatical instruction in particular. It also recommends expanding the use of the mechanism of “presenting grammatical knowledge in familiar contexts” so that it encompasses all lessons included in the Arabic language curriculum at both the primary and middle-school levels, while postponing the study of grammatical rules in their formal sense until the secondary level.
Technology, Customization, And User Trust in Digital Astrology Platforms
As digital technologies spread quickly, they have made astrology easier to reach and more personalized through mobile apps, websites, and social media sites. looks at how the rise of online astrology services has changed how people use them, how they can be customized, and how confident they are. The study looks at how the design and use of technology affect how people see and accept astrology information. It uses ideas from Behavioral Science and Human-Computer Interaction to do this. explain how algorithms and personalization based on data can make horoscopes more accurate and useful for each user. Features like birth chart analysis, push messages, and interactive interfaces can help users become more involved and encourage them to use your app regularly. These platforms use psychological tricks like confirmation bias and the Barnum Effect to make it look like they are more trustworthy and true. And that is not all. The study also looks at how platform design, perceived skill, social validation, and content consistency all affect how much trust users have in a platform. Digital astrology platforms offer ease of use and customization, but some people worry about data safety, the right way to use algorithms, and the line between fun and advice.
The Ironic Utterance and the Problematic of Implicit Meaning in Al-Manām al-Kabīr: A Pragmatic Approach
This study examines the phenomenon of ironic utterance in Al-Manām al-Kabīr by Ibn Muḥriz al-Wahrānī and seeks to uncover the pragmatic mechanisms through which implicit meaning is generated, employing a critical tool for the analysis of classical literary discourse. The study proceeds from the relationship between what is explicitly stated in the utterance and the meanings implicitly conveyed behind it. It draws upon a set of major pragmatic foundations, most notably Speech Act Theory as formulated by Searle, Grice's Cooperative Principle and Conversational Maxims, in addition to Sperber and Wilson's Relevance Theory, which conceives irony as an implicit echoic mention of a proposition manifested through the phenomenon of free indirect discourse. The study adopts an analytical approach based on selected textual examples that progress from self-directed irony founded upon the collapse of the speaker's discourse about himself, to descriptive irony based on exaggeration, then to dialogic, polyphonic irony, and finally to irony that interweaves historical doctrinal criticism with contemporary social criticism through the technique of internal intertextuality. The study demonstrates that al-Wahrānī does not employ irony merely as a rhetorical device; rather, he elevates it to a complex discursive strategy that deconstructs authority and exposes social and political contradictions through the duality of explicit and implicit meaning.
The Significance of Astrology in Vedic Traditions and Its Impact on Culture and Society
Instead of viewing astrology as merely a means of prediction, the Vedic traditions hold it in the highest regard as an integral component of human culture, society, and spirituality. One of the six Vedangas that provide light on cosmic and ritual order, Jyotisha (also known as Vedic astrology) draws its inspiration from the ancient Indian scriptures known as the Vedas. explores the significance of astrology in Vedic traditions as well as its broader socio-cultural influence on individuals' beliefs, actions, and daily decisions. the significance of Vedic astrology as a foundation for several aspects of life, including as marriage, careers, health, and religious rites. Every aspect of cultural practices is influenced by astrological principles, such as natal charts (kundli), auspicious timings (muhurat), and planetary positions. By bringing together cosmic ideas with human experience, astrology promotes a sense of oneness and interconnectedness. Cultural and sociological elements of astrology are also discussed, highlighting the ways in which it contributes to the preservation of traditions, the reinforcement of social standards, and the development of a shared identity among groups. It also considers the transmission of astrological information from older generations and how it has changed to accommodate the present, especially in regard to digital media and modern lifestyles.
Sustainable Urban Development: A Study in the Planning and Evaluation of Urban Services
This study was based on clarifying the variable of urban development and its connections with the variable of planning services in the city, and what are the interactional spatial imbalances between individuals due to the lack of comprehensiveness in planning for facilities and service equipment, as it is extremely difficult to make a generalization on the phenomenon of building urban patterns without taking into account the planning issues of the city, as it varies. Urbanization from one urban form to another, and given the nature of the subject, it is in dire need of a socio-ecological treatment. This research paper came to highlight the role of services as one of the most important concepts that has received great attention recently due to the increasing need of individuals for these services, especially after the development of technologies and methods used in providing these services.
Sustainable Architecture and Green Building Practices: Innovations for Climate-Resilient Urban Development
Rapid urbanization, climate change, and increasing environmental degradation have intensified the need for sustainable architectural practices that promote resilient and resource-efficient urban development. The built environment accounts for a significant share of global energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and natural resource depletion, making the construction sector a critical area for sustainable transformation. Sustainable architecture has emerged as an effective approach to addressing these challenges by integrating environmentally responsible design principles, renewable energy technologies, energy-efficient building systems, and climate-responsive planning into the lifecycle of buildings. Green building practices not only minimize environmental impacts but also enhance occupant health, reduce operational costs, and improve long-term building performance. the role of sustainable architecture and green building practices in fostering climate-resilient urban development. It reviews key concepts, principles, and emerging innovations, including passive design strategies, green roofs and walls, rainwater harvesting systems, solar energy integration, energy-efficient materials, Building Information Modeling (BIM), smart building technologies, and circular construction approaches. internationally recognized green building certification systems such as LEED, GRIHA, and BREEAM, emphasizing their contribution to promoting environmentally responsible construction practices. the role of urban planning, policy interventions, and stakeholder collaboration in accelerating the adoption of sustainable building solutions.
Mechanisms Used by Middle School Teachers to Manage and Address School Dropout Problems (A Field Study in Some Middle Schools in the City of Saida)
The current study aimed to investigate the mechanisms used by middle school teachers to manage and address school dropout problems, based on the following questions: What is the degree of the mechanisms used by middle school teachers to manage and address school dropout problems? Are there differences between the responses of middle school teachers regarding the mechanisms for managing and addressing school dropout problems according to the gender variable? Are there differences between the responses of middle school teachers regarding the mechanisms for managing and addressing school dropout problems according to the teaching profession variable? During the 2022/2023 academic year, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the two researchers relied on the descriptive approach, using a questionnaire as a research tool to measure teachers’ mechanisms for managing school dropout problems. It consisted of (28) items whose statements were graded on a five-point scale after verifying its validity and reliability. The study was applied to a random sample consisting of 158 male and female teachers, representing 20%, from which 132 questionnaires were retrieved. As for the statistical processing, it was carried out using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, the Wilcoxon test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of the study showed that the degree of the mechanisms used by middle school teachers to manage and address school dropout problems was high. The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the responses of middle school teachers regarding the mechanisms for managing and addressing school dropout problems according to the gender variable, and no statistically significant differences between the responses of middle school teachers regarding the mechanisms for managing and addressing school dropout problems according to the teaching profession variable.
Using Social Media to Promote Up-and-Coming Artists
The proliferation of social media as a stage for emerging artists has had far-reaching effects on the creation, dissemination, marketing, and reception of digital art. Online video sharing sites like YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok have given artists a voice they previously had to rely on in the form of traditional art organizations, galleries, and exhibitions. examines the ways in which social media has helped promote emerging artists and the ways in which digital platforms have provided access to the arts for people from all around the world. ways in which artists may use social media to market their work, engage with fans in real-time, build their professional identities, and build communities online. Features such as visual storytelling, live streaming, digital portfolios, hashtags, and algorithm-based suggestions have substantially improved opportunities for artistic acknowledgment and collaboration. The ability for artists to sell and promote their work directly through online marketplaces and forums is one manner in which social media has contributed to the commercialization of art. how contemporary visual culture, audience comprehension, and artistic techniques have been impacted by social media. Despite the beneficial benefits on accessibility and innovation, digital platforms can bring forth concerns such as competition, content saturation, algorithmic visibility, copyright issues, and the desire to maintain online popularity. The article explores the opportunity and challenge of social media-driven creative careers.
Metatheatre and the Semiotics of Subjugation: A Reading in Merya'e a Play by Boukathir Douma
This study aims to provide a scholarly analysis of Merya'eby the Tunisian playwright Bouthaïr Douma through an examination of the text’s aesthetic and semantic functioning. More specifically, it investigates the dual dramatic structure of the play and explores how the playwright mobilizes the “play within the play” technique (metatheatre) to uncover and critique conditions of oppression and alienation. Methodologically, the study is grounded in a structural-semiotic approach, which serves as an operative analytical framework for examining the paratextual thresholds of the text and the actantial organization of characters and their interrelations within the dramatic system. The analysis shows that the title Merya'econstitutes a condensed semantic center, signifying psychological castration and the deprivation of human will. It also reveals that the interpenetration of the actors’ real identities and their dramatic roles exceeds the level of formal experimentation, functioning instead as a coherent semiotic structure that reflects hierarchies of power and submission and lays bare the erosion of justice and equality in oppressed societies.
Microbiome of the Human Body and Digestive Physiology
The term "human microbiome" refers to the tremendous community of microorganisms that live inside and on the surface of the human body. These microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungus, and other types of microbes. In the context of these microbial communities, the microbiome of the gut is particularly significant in terms of its contribution to the preservation of digestive health and the general physiological equilibrium. Recent studies in the field of science have shed light on the intimate connection that exists between the human microbiome and a variety of digestive functions, including the absorption of nutrients, the regulation of the immune system, the regulation of metabolism, and the defense against hazardous microorganisms. this article examines the biological mechanisms via which gut microbes influence human well-being and discusses the significance of the human microbiome in relation to digestive health. the composition of the gut microbiota as well as its actions, with a particular focus on the role that beneficial bacteria play in the digestion of food, the production of vitamins, the preservation of intestinal barriers, and the regulation of inflammatory responses. In addition to this, it investigates the variables that disrupt the equilibrium of microorganisms, such as an improper diet, excessive use of antibiotics, feelings of stress, illnesses, and sedentary lifestyles. These abnormalities, which are more frequently referred to as dysbiosis, have been linked to digestive problems such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and metabolic diseases.
The Role of Repetition in Textual Consistency - An Applied Study of the Poem (Born To Die) By Abu Al-Atahiya
"This study seeks to uncover the role of repetition in Abu al-Atahiya’s poem, (Born to die).' Repetition is well-known as a tool of lexical cohesion that establishes a semantic dimension between the three core textual elements: the sender, the receiver, and the message. Furthermore, it enhances the text's aesthetic structure and deepens its coherence. The active presence of this textual device in the poem has significantly reinforced both cohesion and coherence, thereby intensifying its semantic density and unifying the text into a cohesive whole.
The Influence That Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Has Had on The Economy of India
Through the provision of capital inflows, the promotion of industrial expansion, and the enhancement of employment prospects, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a vital role in influencing the economic development of India. Given its enormous consumer market, talented workforce, and liberalized economic policies, India has emerged as one of the most appealing destinations for foreign investors in this era of globalization. This is owing to the fact that India has expanded its economic policies. The development of infrastructure, the transfer of technology, the enhancement of productivity, and the overall modernization of the economy are all facilitated by foreign direct investment (FDI). the effect that foreign direct investment (FDI) has had on the Indian economy, with a particular emphasis on the role that it has played in important industries such as retail, information technology, telecommunications, and manufacturing. It illustrates the ways in which foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows contribute to economic growth by supporting increased levels of investment, boosting competitiveness, and stimulating innovation. The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the generation of employment chances, given that FDI frequently results in the creation of both direct and indirect job opportunities.