Revista Infoacceso, with ISSN 2311-7605, is a Peruvian journal on Science, Social Science, and related fields. It is published quarterly in April, August, and December. Revista Infoacceso publications are in electronic format and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution -NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Peru License (CC BY-NC-SA). The Journal accepts original empirical and theoretical works in Spanish & English that are related to Science, Social Science and related fields. Submissions from the Research Articles and Original Articles sections will be peer-reviewed and reviewed by the Panel of Referees; all other submissions will undergo a technical review process by the Editorial Board.
Smart Grids and Renewable Energy: Enhancing Grid Resilience and Sustainability through Technological Integration
Making sure the electricity system is reliable, efficient, and resilient is becoming more and more critical as the globe moves towards renewable energy. In the context of integrating renewable energy, smart grids—which combine sophisticated communication, automation, and control technologies—promise to provide an answer to these problems. Because of their unpredictability and dispersed nature, renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind, and solar pose a threat to conventional power systems. By boosting demand-response capabilities, optimising energy distribution, and easing the integration of various intermittent energy sources, smart grids can make networks more resilient and sustainable. the part played by smart grids in facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources, with an emphasis on the ways in which the incorporation of technology can enhance grid dependability, decrease energy losses, and provide control and monitoring in real-time. Smart grids also allow for the optimal use of dispersed energy supplies and increase grid resilience against interruptions like cyber threats and natural disasters. Learn how smart grids might help power systems run reliably and sustainably in a future when renewable energy is the norm by reading up on important technologies, looking at some case studies, and considering the possibilities for future improvements. Unlocking the full potential of renewable energy and creating a more robust, sustainable power system requires ongoing investment in smart grid infrastructure and technology innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Aarav Mehta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Examining the Impact of Tourism on Cultural Heritage Sites: A Case Study
Tourism plays a significant role in both the preservation and potential degradation of cultural heritage sites worldwide. This study examines the impact of tourism on [Specific Site], a renowned cultural heritage site, through a case study approach. Utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and site assessments, we assess the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental implications of tourism activities on [Specific Site]. Our findings reveal the complex relationship between tourism and cultural heritage conservation, highlighting both positive contributions, such as increased revenue and cultural exchange, and negative effects, such as overcrowding, infrastructure development, and environmental degradation. By identifying key challenges and opportunities, this research aims to inform sustainable tourism management strategies and policy interventions to balance the preservation of cultural heritage with the promotion of responsible tourism at [Specific Site] and similar sites worldwide.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Celestial Patterns and Human Behavior: Myth, Science, or Psychological Construct?
The concept of astrology is based on the long-standing fascination with the connection between astronomical patterns and human conduct, which has attracted thinkers and doers from all walks of life. The links that people believe exist between planetary motions and personal characteristics or major life events can be based on actual scientific data, mythical practices, or mental fabrications. The research assesses the degree to which astronomical configurations impact human behavior through combining astronomical, psychological, and sociological viewpoints. relationships between astrological factors, like natal charts and planetary configurations, and individual characteristics, habits of thought, and the results of one's life's choices. There is little evidence to support the idea that astronomical events impact human behavior, according to results from controlled studies and statistical analysis. On the other hand, according to scientific explanations, planetary motions are caused by physical rules that have no discernible bearing on how an individual's thoughts and actions are processed. the mental processes that lead to the persistent conviction in these associations. Pattern identification, confirmation bias, and subjective validation are cognitive biases that greatly influence how people perceive the accuracy of astrology. The cultural stories and symbolic significance linked to the heavens solidify these views, incorporating them into societal norms and individual self-concepts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Orion D. Keller https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies: Efficiency, Cost, and Sustainability
Improvements in battery technology are a major factor propelling the shift to EVs since they have a direct impact on the efficiency, affordability, and sustainability of EVs. top battery technologies for electric vehicles, with an emphasis on how well they work, how much they cost, and how little damage they do to the environment. a comparison of the pros and cons of several battery chemistries, including lithium-ion, solid-state, and alternative chemistries including sodium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries, with an emphasis on their performance metrics, manufacturing costs, and environmental implications. This study examines the role of battery technologies in the broad acceptance of electric vehicles and their capacity to fulfil future demands by examining present trends, technical advancements, and industry developments. the difficulties linked to various battery types, such as the acquisition of raw materials, recycling procedures, and the maintenance of the batteries over time. This study's comparative perspective sheds light on which battery technologies could hasten the shift to electric mobility while simultaneously resolving important economic and environmental issues. offering suggestions for how to enhance the performance of batteries while reducing their impact on the environment in further studies.
Administrative Reforms and Organizational Change: Lessons Learned from Successful Public Sector Transformations
Administrative reforms and organizational change are essential components of modernizing public sector institutions and enhancing their effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness to societal needs. administrative reforms and organizational change initiatives in the public sector, aiming to extract valuable lessons and insights for policymakers, administrators, and practitioners. Drawing on a review of literature and case studies, the paper explores the drivers, strategies, and outcomes of successful public sector transformations. It analyzes various dimensions of administrative reform, including structural changes, process improvements, technological advancements, and cultural shifts, and examines their impact on organizational performance and service delivery.
Blockchain Technology Beyond Cryptocurrencies: Applications in Supply Chain Management
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin helped popularise blockchain technology, but now it's a potent instrument with uses beyond digital money. When it comes to blockchain's potential, supply chain management is one of the more encouraging applications. the revolutionary possibilities of blockchain technology to improve supply chain efficiency, traceability, and transparency. Distributed ledger technology (blockchain) allows for immutable, real-time product tracking, which in turn enhances inventory management accuracy and decreases the likelihood of fraud and mistakes. blockchain technology has many advantages that can improve supply chain operations. These include reducing intermediaries, simplifying processes, and increasing confidence among stakeholders. We go even farther by looking at actual use cases of blockchain technology in sectors like manufacturing, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. Scalability, integration with current systems, and regulatory concerns are still obstacles, despite its promise. the possible applications of blockchain technology in the future of supply chain management and the measures that will be required to overcome these obstacles, establishing blockchain as an essential tool for the transformation of supply networks around the world.
The Language of Life: Decoding the Transcriptome for Insights into Cellular Function and Dysfunction
"The Language of Life: Decoding the Transcriptome for Insights into Cellular Function and Dysfunction" explores the intricate world of the transcriptome, shedding light on how the dynamic landscape of RNA molecules provides crucial insights into cellular function and dysfunction. This paper delves into the fundamental principles of transcriptomics, revealing how the transcriptome serves as a rich source of information about gene expression patterns, regulatory networks, and molecular pathways underlying health and disease. The transcriptome encompasses the entire complement of RNA molecules within a cell, including messenger RNA (mRNA), non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and regulatory RNA species. By capturing the transcriptional activity of genes, the transcriptome provides a snapshot of the molecular processes occurring within cells, offering valuable clues about cellular identity, differentiation, and response to environmental cues. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies, coupled with sophisticated bioinformatics tools, have revolutionized our ability to interrogate the transcriptome with unprecedented depth and precision. Transcriptomic studies enable researchers to quantify gene expression levels, identify alternative splicing events, and uncover novel RNA species, unveiling the complexity of gene regulatory networks and cellular signaling pathways.the transcriptome serves as a powerful tool for studying cellular dysfunction in disease states, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Transcriptomic analyses have revealed dysregulated gene expression patterns in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes, providing opportunities for precision medicine and targeted therapies. the transcriptome serves as a dynamic interface between genotype and phenotype, bridging the gap between genetic variation and observable traits. By integrating transcriptomic data with genomic and proteomic information, researchers can unravel the complex interactions between genes, proteins, and cellular processes, unlocking new avenues for understanding disease etiology and designing personalized treatment strategies.
Trends and Developments in Electric Vehicle Technology
Electric cars, often known as EVs, have emerged as a potentially useful option to address environmental issues and reduce reliance on fossil fuels in the transportation industry. In this article, the most recent trends and breakthroughs in electric car technology, as well as market dynamics, environmental implications, governmental actions, and future possibilities, are discussed. In the section on technological improvements, we discuss recent breakthroughs in battery technology, electric motor efficiency, and the incorporation of characteristics that enable autonomous driving. The analysis of market trends and adoption patterns reveals the effect of government regulations, customer preferences, and economic incentives on the sales of electric vehicles and the market penetration of these vehicles among consumers. In addition, the study investigates the impact that policy initiatives and laws have in boosting the adoption of electric vehicles, finding successful incentive programmes and policy frameworks in the process. The growth of infrastructure is investigated, with a particular emphasis placed on the expansion of charging infrastructure as well as technological advancements in charging technology and the integration of smart grid functionality.
Marital imbalances during coronavirus pandemic "covid 19" - causes and consequences
The main purpose of this intervention is to learn about the facts related to the coronavirus pandemic - covid 19 - , and the priority is to know its effects on the marital institution. Because the global impact of the coronavirus pandemic is extremely widespread, and lot of people cannot separate the different aspects of their lives, psychological stress and illness caused by the coronavirus pandemic affect the other aspects of life, such as relationships at work, relationships in society in general, or relationships at home, and so the imbalances impact marriage, causing divorce and separation, abuse of children and spouse, or recourse to the courts to resolve conflicts, especially family ones.
Machine Learning Applications in Sustainable Finance: Enhancing ESG Risk Assessment and Credit Modeling
Sustainable finance has emerged as a pivotal force in modern financial markets, integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into investment and lending decisions. This article explores the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance ESG risk assessment and credit risk modeling within sustainable finance frameworks. Drawing on recent empirical studies and market data up to 2026, we demonstrate how ML outperforms traditional models in predicting ESG-driven risks and financial outcomes. Using a dataset of corporate bonds and equity returns, we present comparative performance metrics and a table illustrating model accuracies. Our findings reveal that ML models achieve up to 15% higher AUC scores in default prediction while incorporating ESG variables, underscoring their potential to drive transition finance and financial inclusion. This study contributes to the literature by bridging ML innovation with sustainable investing, offering practical implications for policymakers and financial institutions.
The Use of Neurolinguistics in Creating New Ways of Learning
Modern medical techniques offer many scientific services to education, among the most important of which is neuroscience, which has been able, thanks to high-resolution imaging techniques, to provide very detailed information about the processes of thinking and learning. Neurolinguistics utilizes these results to propose effective solutions to educational problems on one hand, and suggestions for the deliberate development of learning science on the other. This research paper proposes leveraging neuroscience to understand the characteristics and functioning of the brain in order to enhance learning outcomes. Three characteristics related to the brain's lifecycle, neural plasticity, and the relationship between the brain and the spinal cord have been selected.
A Critical Study of Law No. 22-13 on the Role of the Administrative Judge in the Protection of Human Rights and Public Liberties
The administrative judge ensures a balance between citizens and the administration by addressing its abuses. In Algeria, the 1996 constitutional amendment enhanced human rights protection and led to key reforms, including a dual judicial system and distinct civil and administrative procedures (Law 09-08). Law No. 22-13 further empowered the administrative judge to protect citizens from unjust decisions. The main challenge is balancing fundamental rights protection with sanctioning administrative abuses. This is particularly relevant within the context of recent judicial reforms.
The Human Gut Microbiome: A Key Player in Health and Disease
Host physiology, metabolic balance, and immunological homeostasis are fundamentally influenced by the billions of microbes that make up the human gut microbiome. New sequencing and metagenomic research has shown that the microbiome in our gut is not a helpless community but rather a dynamic regulator of our health, impacting processes including energy metabolism, immune system development, and food absorption. Systemic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders have been increasingly associated with dysbiosis, or imbalance in microbial composition, in recent years. GI disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer are among these. A growing body of research also points to the gut-brain axis as a medium for two-way communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, with microbial metabolites like neurotransmitter-like compounds and short-chain fatty acids potentially playing a role in regulating emotions, thoughts, and actions. Probiotics, prebiotics, nutritional manipulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation are some of the therapeutic approaches that have shown promise in re-establishing microbial balance and improving clinical outcomes, thanks to the gut microbiome's remarkable adaptability. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to overcome in order to define a "healthy" microbiome, account for diversity across individuals, and guarantee the effectiveness and safety of therapies that are based on the microbiome. highlighting the gut microbiome's potential as a diagnostic tool, a therapeutic target, and a foundation of precision medicine; and highlighting its varied involvement in health and illness.
The Aesthetics of Narrative in Sukardān al-Sulṭān
This study seeks to highlight the aesthetics of narrative in Sukardān al-Sulṭān by Ibn Abī Ḥajala al-Tilimsānī a book innovative in its subject and unique in its conception. Its central theme is the number seven, its distinctiveness, and its association with the region of Egypt. Through this work, its author succeeded in firmly establishing in readers’ minds the meaning he intended, by gathering under the sign of the number seven a wide array of information, reports, and stories that might otherwise have seemed disparate. He harmonized and unified them around this number. The study aims to uncover the aesthetic dimensions of al-Sukardān by tracing certain narrative mechanisms: the threshold of the title, space, time, and characters. It also examines aesthetic features found in classical Arabic narrative, including the marvelous (ʿajāʾibī) and the technique of narrative embedding.
Economic Review of Fishermen and Fish Processing Practices in Rajnandgaon’s Sheonath River
There are 1.64 million hectares of water accessible for fish farming in Chhattisgarh that need to be managed effectively for the benefit of the state's impoverished fishermen. In the Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh, this research looked at the socioeconomic status of fishermen in two reservoirs, Saroda and Chhirapani, who rely entirely or in part on fishing for their livelihood. Small-scale fishers, fishing enterprises, and cooperatives in these reservoirs are evaluated in terms of socio-economic factors and success rates during the 2016-17 fishing season. A total of 83 fishermen from six distinct fishing communities were interviewed for the study. The majority of fisherman (38.6%) were found to be between the ages of 31 and 40, with bigger families (4-6). On both locations, 46.6% of fisherman lacked any formal education above the secondary level, while just 17% had a college degree or higher. Katcha (67 percent), semi-pucca (22) and pucca (22 percent) are the most common types of housing for fisherman (11 percent ). LO fisherman have an annual family income of Rs 1796-566888 on average, while LL fishermen make an annual household income of Rs 8407-36990 on average, both of which are far below the poverty line. The majority of LO farmers work in agriculture, with aquaculture as a supplementary source of income. Farmers and aquaculture workers make up the majority of LL fishermen's secondary professions. Fish farming has the potential to enhance a person's socioeconomic status.
Digital Drugs and Youth A study on Patterns, Prevalence, Psychological Impacts, and Prevention Mechanisms
This research paper focused on one of the most dangerous types of drugs, namely digital drugs, by addressing their psychological effects on the most important segment of society, which is the youth, who are its foundation and pillar, and a crucial part of its construction and development. Our attempt is to come up with the most important strategies and preventive methods to combat such scourges.
Emerging Trends in Supramolecular Chemistry for Drug Delivery Systems
A unique strategy for the development of novel drug delivery systems has arisen: supramolecular chemistry. This branch of chemistry studies the interplay between molecules in a non-covalent way. current state of the art in supramolecular chemistry, with an emphasis on its potential use in creating targeted, intelligent drug delivery systems. For regulated medication release, important developments include stimuli-responsive materials, self-assembly processes, and host-guest chemistry. The development of delivery vehicles that can improve bioavailability, decrease side effects, and precisely control drug release is being made possible by supramolecular systems including cyclodextrins, dendrimers, and cucurbiturils. Nanotechnology and supramolecular chemistry are combining to create new hybrid systems that can be more precisely targeted. Problems with stability, scalability, and getting regulatory permission still persist, despite the promising future of these innovations. what new possibilities for more efficient and tailored treatment methods are presented by these developing trends in the field of drug delivery.
The Manifesto of the 121: a declaration against colonial oppression
The manifesto of the 121 entitled Declaration on the Right to Insubordination in the Algerian War is a declaration written as a reaction to the repression exerted by the french government and army against revolutionaries and their French supporters during the Algerian war of liberation. It was signed by 121 French intellectuals and literary figures. In order to denounce colonial violence and proclaim the right to insubordination, the text became a symbol of freedom of conscience by helping to change the perception of the Algerian war. Although it does not have an imperative value, it remains a literary and historical text of political scope. It confirms individual and collective rights and serves as a living testimony, or an alert, regarding the cruelty of French colonial toward the Algerian people. It is a scholarly literary and historical work that demonstrates literature's contribution to the creation of norms governing human relations and protecting human rights.
Advancements in Earthquake-Resilient Structures: A Review of Recent Developments in Seismic Engineering
There is an urgent need for earthquake-resistant buildings since human populations are increasing in seismically active areas. Modern seismic engineering has brought new ideas to improve the performance, sustainability, and safety of structures in earthquake-prone regions. state-of-the-art in earthquake-resistant building technology, with an emphasis on cutting-edge materials, design methods, and technologies. Innovative structural systems, base isolators, energy-dissipating devices, and smart sensors are important subjects, as are sophisticated materials including shape-memory alloys, fiber-reinforced polymers, and high-strength concrete. incorporate computer tools and modelling approaches to improve the accuracy of structure behaviour predictions during seismic occurrences. thinking about how robust structures will perform in the long run and what effect they will have on the environment is an important part of earthquake engineering. Problems with cost, complexity, and uniformity persist despite advances. This study provides useful insights into the ongoing evolution of seismic engineering by analysing recent case studies and future trends. The goal is to create structures that are safer, more durable, and sustainable so they can survive the forces of nature.
Theoritical Insights into The Relationship between Translation and Linguistic Intelligence
Linguistic intelligence, theorized by Howard Gardner within the framework of multiple intelligences, has garnered increasing attention in translation studies, cognitive science, and applied linguistics. With the growing interdisciplinary nature of translation research in the 21st century, translation is no longer viewed as a mere mechanical transfer of linguistic forms, but rather as a complex cognitive activity reflecting the translator's integrated linguistic abilities. In this context, developing translation competence requires more than simply mastering two languages; it demands a sophisticated linguistic intelligence that fosters a profound sensitivity to nuances in vocabulary, grammatical variation, pragmatic meaning, and the organization of discourse across languages. This article emphasizes the importance of utilizing linguistic intelligence in the translation process, encompassing not only multilingual proficiency but also the advanced ability to navigate the cognitive, cultural, and contextual dimensions of interlingual translation.
The Use of Magic Realism in Latin American and English Literature
the literary mode of magic realism and its application to Latin American and English literature, specifically looking at how it deals with intricate cultural, social, and political issues by erasing the lines between reality and fantasy. Latin American literature has been defined by magic realism, which shows the region's cultural diversity and turbulent history via works by writers such as Gabriel García Márquez and Isabel Allende. This style is defined by the incorporation of supernatural elements into daily life. The magic realist works of English writers such as Salman Rushdie and Angela Carter, on the other hand, frequently deal with issues of colonialism, identity, and the relationship between myth and reality. Despite its unique roles in these two literary canons, magic realism ultimately seeks to subvert the reader's reality-view and probe the very foundations of what it is to be human. Through an examination of important works by García Márquez, Allende, Carter, and Rushdie, this study brings attention to the adaptability of magic realism in dealing with varied themes in different cultural settings. This paper argues that magic realism provides a dynamic lens through which Latin American and English literature can delve into the intricacies of history, identity, and the human experience by challenging conventional narratives.
Electronic Games and Their Impact on Social Relationships Among Adolescents: The Case of PUBG
The objective of this study was to find online electronic games and explore all effects on social relationships among adolescents. PUBG has been used as a case study. The virtual game named PUBG has been used as a representative model for electronic games based on its popularity among adolescents of various age groups. This study has been carried out on adolescents living in the city of El Oued. The study has descriptive-analytical characteristics, focusing on collecting as much information as possible about social realities and phenomena through field study. Simple Random Sampling has been used for collecting data from adolescents. Quantitative and qualitative tools, along with statistical methods, have also been used for collecting and analyzing data. The descriptive method has been used as an appropriate method for describing the phenomenon under study. The online questionnaire has been used for collecting data through Google Forms. The sample used for the study comprised adolescents aged between 12 and 20 years who engage in electronic gaming activities through the assistance of their mothers as mediators between the researchers and the participants. Percentage analysis was used for interpreting the results. The study revealed that the electronic game PUBG has both positive and negative effects on adolescents' social relationships in the city of El Oued, besides its psychological, physical, and social effects on the adolescent.
The Effect of a Proposed Training and Nutritional Program on Reducing Body Fat Percentage in Secondary School Students with Obesity
The present study focuses on determining the effect of physical activity combined with a healthy nutritional regimen on obese adolescents through the design and implementation of a sports program accompanied by a dietary program. The study aims to identify the nature of the impact of the sport–nutrition program on body fat percentage and certain physiological variables (cholesterol and triglycerides), in addition to anthropometric measurements. It also aims to examine the correlational relationship between body fat percentage and the physiological variables under investigation. To achieve the research objectives, it was hypothesized that statistically significant differences exist between body fat percentage and the physiological variables studied. The research sample consisted of 10 male students diagnosed with obesity, selected purposively from Ahmed Zahane Secondary School in the municipality of Arib, Ain Defla Province, aged between 16 and 18 years. Regarding the study methodology, an experimental approach was adopted using a single group with a pre-test and post-test design. The following tests were conducted: anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and body circumferences) and laboratory blood analyses to measure total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The statistical methods used included the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the t-test to determine differences. The results revealed a correlational relationship and statistically significant differences between body fat percentage and the physiological variables studied.
Analysis of Adaptive Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Cases at the Espérance Association of Akbou, Bejaïa
This study examines adaptive behavior in four children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), aged 6 to 10 years, receiving follow-up care at the Espérance Association of Akbou (Béjaïa, Algeria). It assesses the impact of individualized interventions, particularly ABA and TEACCH programs, on their autonomy, communication, and socialization skills. Autism, defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors, often hinders adaptive behavior, including sensorimotor abilities, daily living skills, and reasoning. The general hypothesis posits that care provided within the association promotes the children’s development, while the partial hypotheses focus on improving autonomy and communication and reducing maladaptive behaviors. The study adopts a clinical case-study method using semi-structured interviews with parents and the Quebec Adaptive Behavior Scale (QABS), completed by close caregivers. The QABS assesses adaptive domains (score range: 0–450, from profound to mild impairment) and maladaptive domains (score range: 0–297, from profound to mild impairment). The investigation was conducted in 2025. The findings indicate that multidisciplinary care involving psychologists, speech therapists, and educators significantly improves adaptive behavior, thereby confirming the general hypothesis. Early intervention and family involvement are essential to promoting autonomy and social inclusion among children with ASD.
The Reality Of Corporate Governance Practices In Family Companies: A Case Study Of Some Family Companies In The Arab World
This research paper aims to highlight the role of corporate governance practices in improving performance and economic growth, as well as in overcoming some of the obstacles faced by family companies in certain Arab countries. The study demonstrates that the governance practices implemented in these companies have yielded positive results in terms of performance and economic growth. The case studies presented in this article illustrate that corporate governance in these firms is not based on a one-size-fits-all approach. Rather, the companies discussed here have adopted a gradual and distinctive approach, focusing on corporate governance improvements that are highly applicable while remaining suitable for their size, industry, market, ownership structure, and strategy. The study also shows that these companies laid the foundation for ongoing improvements by persuading key stakeholders. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how these core governance principles can be translated into practical application and a deeply rooted culture that enables tangible results. In other words, the findings of the case studies presented in this research paper show that corporate governance practices were examined from a practical, real-world perspective, rather than a purely academic or theoretical viewpoint.
Epigenetic Modifications and Their Role in Cancer Progression
Important epigenetic alterations that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequence include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation. By impacting oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene silencing, these alterations are being more and more acknowledged as critical drivers of tumor genesis, development, and metastasis in cancer biology. Genomic instability and unchecked cell proliferation are caused by aberrant DNA methylation patterns, which include promoter-specific hypermethylation and global hypomethylation. Similarly, a malignant environment can be established through histone changes like as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, which change the structure of chromatin and affect transcriptional activity. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in particular, shape cancer progression by regulating pathways that control cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasion. Epigenetic medicines, including inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, have demonstrated promise in clinical settings, and the reversible character of epigenetic alterations has opened new pathways for therapeutic intervention.
When the Film Wounds Memory, Not Reality: A Semiotic Reading of Wim Wenders' The State of Things (1982)
This paper advances an original critical thesis: that Wim Wenders' The State of Things (Der Stand der Dinge, 1982) does not represent the death of cinema, as the prevailing critical discourse maintains, but rather inaugurates what this study terms "Visual Memory Cinema" — a cinematic form that produces its meaning inside the spectator rather than outside, through the activation, wounding, and reconstruction of accumulated cinematographic memory. The study employs a dual semiotic framework: Roland Barthes' concepts of the punctum, the third meaning, and the death of the author, alongside Umberto Eco's theories of the open work and the visual encyclopaedia. This framework is proposed as a productive alternative to the realist framework adopted by Lúcia Nagib, who reads the film from the outside — through locations, materiality, and apparatus — rather than from within — through spectatorial agency, memory, and meaning production. The analysis demonstrates that the film's celebrated final image of a camera continuing to roll after its operator's death is not a figure for the death of cinema, but the precise visual embodiment of Barthes' "death of the author": the erasure of directorial authority that liberates the spectator as the genuine and sole producer of cinematic meaning. The paper concludes by proposing "Visual Memory Cinema" as a critical concept applicable beyond Wenders to other cinematographic traditions — including North African and Maghrebi cinema — where the tension between colonial visual memory and reclaimed national identity constitutes a structuring force.
The impact of urbanization on agricultural land use and food production in urban areas
Both directly in the form of land take and indirectly through the use of agricultural land for non-productive rural activities like recreation, horse keeping, or hobby farming, urbanisation leads to a continuous loss of agricultural land. This loss can be broken down into two categories: direct and indirect. Farmers are placed under stress as a result of urbanisation processes, which also make farming operations more difficult as a result of less agricultural land, negative externalities, and increased competition for land. An agricultural agent-based model was linked with spatially explicit urbanisation scenarios and various agricultural subsidy policies for the case study of Belgium in order to forecast probable changes in the future. The purpose of this research was to look at Belgium. As a consequence of an ageing agricultural population and low succession rates, simulations through 2035 indicated a continual reduction in the number of farmers in all scenarios; this trend will continue for as long as not every farmer who stops his activities is replaced with another farmer who takes his place. The findings also indicated that the rural-urban periphery is likely to experience reductions at a rate that is greater than the national average. The connection between urbanisation and agricultural practises is investigated here. There have been major shifts in land usage as a result of the huge migrations that have occurred in the United States from rural regions to urban areas. Even though more land is being developed for urban purposes, this trend has very little impact on overall agricultural output. As agricultural services have shifted to the city, the technological revolution of agriculture has had considerably broader implications and has acted as a push-pull on the flow of people into the city. Energy and chemical fertilisers are increasingly sourced from metropolitan centres, and a significant portion of the labour force in agriculture comes from urban areas. Because of the significant increases in yields both per acre and each farm worker, the requirements for agricultural goods are now completely satisfied. As a result of urbanisation and increased purchasing power, Americans have risen up the food chain. The demand for costly animal products is expected to increase.
Analyzing the Relationship between the Division of Labor and Total Quality in the Industrial Organization from a Durkheimian Perspective
This study examines the relationship between division of labor and Total Quality Management (TQM) in industrial organizations from the sociological perspective of Émile Durkheim. It argues that division of labor is not merely a technical tool for increasing productivity, but a social structure shaping roles, authority, and organizational cohesion. TQM, in contrast, represents a managerial philosophy based on horizontal cooperation, integration, and continuous improvement. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of relevant sociological and managerial literature. Findings indicate that successful TQM implementation depends on balancing specialization with effective coordination among units. Excessive specialization may lead to organizational anomie and weaken quality systems. The study concludes that a balanced integration of labor division and TQM enhances performance and competitiveness in industrial organizations.
Evolving Jurisprudence on Same-Sex Marriages: A Comparative Study of India and Western Democracies
Human rights, cultural traditions, and democratic norms have interacted to make same-sex marriages one of the most contentious and transformational problems in constitutional jurisprudence. Comparative analysis of same-sex marriage law in India and chosen Western democracies like the US, Canada, and the EU. Progressive judicial pronouncements and legislative reforms like Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) in the US and the Civil Marriage Act (2005) in Canada have helped many Western jurisdictions recognize same-sex unions, but India still struggles with equality, dignity, and social morality. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court of India's landmark ruling that decriminalized consensual same-sex relations by striking down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, established LGBTQ+ rights in India but left marriage equality unresolved. how constitutional, socio-cultural, and judicial frameworks affect same-sex marriage recognition. The paper contrasts India's cautious judicial approach with Western courts' aggressive approach to show the conflicts between tradition and modernization, individual autonomy and society standards, and judicial interpretation and legislative accountability. The Indian judiciary has advanced LGBTQ+ rights, but marriage equality will likely require a delicate balance between constitutional morality, democratic desire, and cultural acceptability. how India might learn from global experiences while respecting its socio-legal environment to achieve inclusion.
Sufi Orders between Spiritual Function and Political Ideology – A Content Analysis of Television Programs on Arab Channels – A Video on Sufism – A Field Study
Islam, as a divine religion whose sacred book, the Qur’an, is considered infallible, has been subjected to numerous strategies aimed at transforming it from a divine religion into a human-made construct designed to serve the interests and objectives of non-Muslim states. Intellectual manipulation under the guise of political policies and strategies has been one of the most effective means to achieve these goals. But who is the target of such manipulation? It is primarily those characterized by weak religiosity, who pursue self-fulfillment and personal interests under the name of Islam, while seeking alternatives and justifications when these underlying interests and objectives are not achieved. Sufi orders have been regarded as one of the most significant instruments in building this “new religion,” despite their positive doctrinal and spiritual meaning for a minority. This is because a considerable proportion of their followers approach Sufism itself as a method of belief based on a misunderstanding of its true nature. Consequently, it became easy to use them as instruments to achieve external objectives directed against the Islamic religion.
Machine Learning Algorithms and Their Mathematical Foundations
Data analysis, automation, and AI have all been propelled forward by machine learning, a field that has recently arisen as a game-changer in the fields of computer science, statistics, and applied mathematics. Rigid mathematical principles underpin machine learning and offer theoretical support while also facilitating efficient algorithmic design. the mathematical underpinnings of important classes of machine learning algorithms, including as deep learning, reinforcement learning, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning. To comprehend the behavior, generalization, and convergence of algorithms, one must have a solid grounding in calculus, optimization, probability theory, linear algebra, and other basic mathematical ideas. Mathematical frameworks influence the performance and functionality of commonly used algorithms. Examples include neural networks, decision trees, logistic and linear regression, support vector machines, clustering approaches, and decision trees. Methods for improving the scalability and robustness of models using regularization, kernels, and gradient-based optimization. The power of machine learning comes from its capacity to bridge the gap between theory and practice, which results in innovative computing and the mathematical rigor necessary to guarantee accuracy, interpretability, and reliability in a wide range of areas.
Criminal Liability of Parents for the Offense of Emotional Neglect of Children Resulting from Social Media Addiction
This study examines the legal challenges raised by parents’ addiction to social media and its impact on the child’s right to emotional care. The analysis is conducted in light of the Algerian Penal Code and Law No. 15-12 on Child Protection. The article aims to frame the phenomenon of parents’ “digital mental absence” as a new form of emotional neglect. This approach goes beyond the traditional understanding of neglect, which usually focuses on material needs such as food, clothing, and housing. The main research problem concerns whether the current punitive provisions can adequately cover the material element of this conduct. The issue becomes more complex because psychological harm is often intangible and difficult to prove. Using a comparative analytical method, the study concludes that the Algerian legal system provides general protection for children in situations of danger, particularly under Article 11 of Law 15-12. However, it lacks precise procedural mechanisms to identify and regulate what may be described as parents’ digital neglect. The study recommends strengthening the role of psychological and social expertise as an essential means of proof. It also suggests introducing digital behavioral rehabilitation among judicial protection measures in order to reduce the effects of this silent form of harm.
Exploring the Sources of Medieval and Modern Indian Economic History: A Comprehensive Inquiry
This study provides a thorough investigation into the diverse sources that illuminate the economic history of medieval and modern India. By examining a wide array of primary and secondary sources including historical texts, archaeological findings, economic literature, and archival records, the research aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the economic dynamics shaping Indian society across different epochs. Through meticulous analysis and synthesis of these sources, the study seeks to uncover the underlying socio-economic factors, trade patterns, agrarian systems, and technological advancements that influenced India's economic trajectory over centuries. By shedding light on the richness and complexity of India's economic past, this inquiry contributes to a deeper appreciation of its historical development and contemporary economic challenges
An Analytical Study of a Sample of Arab Research and Studies on the Use of the Metacognitive Strategy S.Q.3.R
The present study relies on the descriptive-analytical approach to analyze a number of Arab studies published between 2016 and 2023, employing statistical indicators to examine the metacognitive strategy. A purposive sample of studies was selected based on specific scientific criteria in order to apply the extracted indicators using statistical tools. The researcher examined 45 studies, including doctoral and master's theses as well as scientific articles that align with the questions raised in the study.
Role of Sleep Quality in Maintaining Health and Well-Being
Sleep quality is a fundamental component of overall health and well-being, influencing physical functioning, mental health, and emotional stability. Adequate and restful sleep supports vital physiological processes such as tissue repair, immune regulation, metabolic balance, and cognitive functioning. the role of sleep quality in maintaining health and well-being, emphasizing its impact on physical health outcomes, psychological resilience, and quality of life. Poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation are associated with increased risk of chronic conditions including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, anxiety, and depression. factors affecting sleep quality, such as lifestyle habits, stress, technology use, and work patterns. It also discusses the importance of healthy sleep practices as a preventive strategy for improving overall health. maintaining good sleep quality is essential for sustaining long-term physical and mental well-being and should be recognized as a key pillar of a healthy lifestyle.
The Doctrines of the Theologians on Majāz and Their Impact on Arabic Rhetoric and the Interpretation of the Divine Names and Attributes
Scholars of kalām devoted considerable attention to the study of majāz (figurative expression) in their writings and debates. Indeed, they were at the forefront in employing it in its technical sense as the counterpart (qasīm) of literal meaning (ḥaqīqah). What prompted this profound engagement was their involvement in discussions of Qur’anic inimitability (iʿjāz) and in theological questions pertaining to creed and divine unity—particularly the investigations related to the Divine Names and Attributes, exalted and majestic, and their interpretation in the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). The outcome of these extended debates and sustained dialectical exchanges was the emergence of various sects and doctrinal orientations that made a significant contribution to the theoretical foundations of Arabic rhetoric and eloquence. Through their analyses and evidentiary arguments, they enriched its disciplines and produced important works from which scholars of rhetoric and legal theory drew extensively. In this research paper, we shall attempt to shed light on the principal views of theologians and their doctrinal positions regarding majāz, as well as their impact on interpreting the texts concerning the Divine Names and Attributes. This will be accomplished by selecting representative examples from among the many available, presenting them to researchers in a manner that clarifies the objective and fulfills the intended purpose.
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Their Influence on Health Outcomes
Nutrition and physical activity are fundamental determinants of health outcomes and play a vital role in the prevention and management of both physical and mental health conditions. Balanced nutrition provides essential nutrients required for growth, immune function, and metabolic regulation, while regular physical activity supports cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, and overall physiological functioning. the combined influence of nutrition and physical activity on health outcomes, emphasizing their role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and certain mental health conditions. The interaction between dietary habits and physical activity levels is highlighted, showing how unhealthy diets coupled with sedentary lifestyles contribute to adverse health outcomes. Conversely, adequate nutrition and regular exercise promote longevity, enhance mental well-being, and improve quality of life. The importance of integrated lifestyle interventions that focus on both nutrition and physical activity as key strategies for achieving optimal health outcomes and preventing lifestyle-related diseases.
The Impact of Digital Technology on Tax Intake in Algeria : An Econometric Analysis (2014–2024)
This study investigates the impact of Digital Technology on tax intake in Algeria during the period 2014–2024. The theoretical framework reviews the key concepts related to the study variables, namely digitization and tax intake. An empirical econometric analysis was conducted using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, which allows the examination of both short- and long-run dynamic relationships among variables. Tax intake was used as the dependent variable, while Digital Technology was measured through several indicators, including the number of automated machines, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage index, and the number of hours required to pay taxes. Economic growth, total tax intake, and petroleum tax intake were also included as control variables. The findings reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between Digital Technology and tax intake in both the short and long run, except for the tax payment hours indicator in the long run. Moreover, the Error Correction Model (ECM) coefficient is negative and significant (–0.42), indicating that about 42% of short-run disequilibria adjust annually toward the long-run equilibrium. These results highlight the crucial role of Digital Technology in strengthening tax intake and supporting fiscal sustainability in Algeria.
Earnings Management Practices and Their Impact on Financial Reporting Quality
Earnings management has remained a central issue in accounting research due to its significant implications for the credibility of financial reporting. This study examines the nature, motivations, and consequences of earnings management practices and evaluates their impact on financial reporting quality. Drawing on both accrual-based and real activity manipulation frameworks, the research explores how managerial discretion in financial reporting can influence the reliability, transparency, and comparability of financial statements. The underlying incentives driving earnings management, including pressure to meet market expectations, contractual obligations, compensation structures, and regulatory considerations. It further assesses the role of corporate governance mechanisms, audit quality, and internal controls in constraining opportunistic reporting behavior. By reviewing empirical findings and theoretical perspectives, the paper highlights the distinction between opportunistic earnings management and informative signaling, emphasizing the conditions under which managerial discretion may either impair or enhance reporting quality.
Digital Branding and Online Reputation Enhancement in An Algerian Enterprise A Case Study of Condor Electronics
With intensified competition in domestic and global markets, branding and online reputation have become strategic intangible assets. Brand identity shapes consumer positioning and competitive differentiation, while online reputation reflects platform-mediated trust and engagement. This study aims to analyze Condor Electronics’ digital branding strategies and their role in strengthening its online reputation. It applies a descriptive-analytical, case-study design and examines 2,847 digital posts. The findings indicate that Condor’s digital strategy is effective in consolidating brand strength.
The Role of Machine Learning Algorithms in Enhancing Cybersecurity Threat Detection
Traditional cybersecurity measures are becoming more ineffective in dealing with the ever-changing nature of cyber threats, which are both more complex and larger in scale. how crucial ML algorithms are for bettering cybersecurity threat identification and response. Machine learning allows for the rapid and precise identification of malicious activity by harnessing the power of data-driven models. It can recognise intricate patterns in network traffic, user behaviour, and attack fingerprints. several machine learning (ML) methods, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, and evaluate their use in IDS, anomaly detection, malware analysis, and phishing prevention. The benefits of ML in automating threat detection procedures, better response times, and less false positives. Data quality, algorithmic transparency, and adversarial assaults are some of the issues it covers as they pertain to ML algorithm integration into cybersecurity frameworks. the ability of machine learning to revolutionise cybersecurity, while simultaneously tackling the necessity of ongoing innovation to evade new dangers.
The Phenomenological Method: An Overview of Contemporary Approaches
This study provides an overview of contemporary approaches to the phenomenological method and its development in modern philosophical and social thought. Phenomenology, originally formulated by Edmund Husserl, aimed to analyze lived experience and the intentional structures that make meaning possible. Over time, this philosophical method evolved through several new directions that expanded its analytical scope. The study highlights the contribution of Alfred Schütz, who developed social phenomenology by applying Husserl’s concepts to the analysis of social action and the lived world, emphasizing how meaning emerges through intersubjective interaction. It also examines the work of Don Ihde, whose post-phenomenology investigates the mediating role of technology in shaping human perception, knowledge, and everyday experience. Another important perspective is presented by Giorgio Agamben, who proposes a linguistic or philological phenomenology that focuses on language as the condition through which existence and meaning become possible. In addition, the philosophy of Bernard Stiegler introduces technogenetic phenomenology, arguing that technology is not merely a tool but a fundamental structure that shapes memory, attention, temporality, and human individuation. Overall, the article demonstrates that contemporary phenomenology is a dynamic and multidisciplinary framework for understanding human experience, social reality, language, and technological transformations in the modern world.
Grid Integration Challenges of Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Deployment
The rapid expansion of electric vehicle (EV) adoption is reshaping power systems worldwide, introducing both opportunities and complex operational challenges for electricity grids. As large-scale EV deployment accelerates under decarbonization targets and transport electrification policies, distribution networks face increasing pressure from concentrated charging demand, peak load amplification, voltage instability, and transformer overloading. Uncoordinated charging behavior, particularly during evening peak hours, can intensify demand fluctuations and strain aging infrastructure, especially in urban and high-density residential areas. the principal grid integration challenges associated with widespread EV penetration, including load forecasting uncertainties, distribution-level congestion, harmonic distortions from power electronics, and the need for advanced metering and communication systems. It further evaluates the implications for grid reliability, frequency regulation, and renewable energy integration. While EVs can exacerbate peak demand, they also present significant flexibility potential through smart charging, demand response mechanisms, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies.
Turning Points in Arabic Grammar: Abū ʿUthmān al-Māzinī as a Case Study
This study aims to outline a conceptual curve illustrating the emergence and development of Arabic grammar. It highlights a matter of great importance in grounding grammatical thought: identifying the turning points between one stage and another. Since the full scope of this idea exceeds the limits of this paper, the discussion is restricted to a significant turning point in Arabic grammar that separates two important phases: the phase of maturity and differentiation, and the phase of authorship and systematic composition. This will be examined through the scholarly figure of the grammarian Abū ʿUthmān al-Māzinī. The study also points to al-Māzinī’s distinctive perspective regarding Qurʾānic readings as well as some of his grammatical views scattered throughout well-known grammatical works.
Advances in Quantum Optomechanics: Controlling Light-Matter Interactions at the Quantum Level
The quantum level interaction between light and mechanical systems has become a cutting-edge research with broad implications for fundamental physics, quantum information processing, and sensing. Quantum optomechanical systems allow for the precise control and modulation of light-matter interactions by coupling photons with mechanical resonators. Novel approaches to the manipulation of light and matter quantum states have been made possible by recent developments in the fabrication of ultra-sensitive mechanical devices and the achievement of strong coupling regimes. the most recent advancements in quantum optomechanics, such as the realization of non-classical states of light and mechanical motion, the improvement of quantum coherence, and the cooling of mechanical systems to their quantum ground state. possible uses in quantum memory, extremely accurate measurement systems, and basic quantum mechanical experiments. In order to create more reliable and scalable quantum networks, the study concludes by outlining potential future avenues for combining quantum optomechanical systems with other quantum technologies.
Business Incubator as an Effective Mechanism for Attracting Student Projects “Tamanrasset University as a Model”
In this research paper, we address the stereotypical status of the university as a key driver of economic development, based on the prospects of this university, which are evident through its specializations and research fields, as well as the geographical region. Tamanrasset University has features and characteristics both unique and similar to other national universities. Given its location in the southeastern Algeria, it provides scientific outputs in line with the development requirements of the region. This burden falls on the university's business incubator, which seeks to attract and bring in people with ideas and student projects and create startups capable of generating wealth and job opportunities for youth. This vision is based on embodying the startup approach through practical mechanisms, apparent by establishing an integrated ecosystem that links specialized university laboratories (mainly in fields such as renewable energies and electronics technology) with the labor market. This ecosystem includes specialized business incubators, technical and administrative support programs, and facilitating innovators' access to initial funding and intellectual property protection, always in accordance with local market needs in attempt to create added value that encourages the development and prosperity of Intra-regional trade with neighboring countries.
Exploring Quantum Entanglement: Implications for Quantum Computing and Cryptography
A key phenomenon in quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement happens when particles become entangled to the point where, regardless of their distance from one another, the state of one particle instantly affects the state of another. the effects of quantum entanglement on two crucial domains: quantum cryptography and quantum computing. Entanglement is a vital resource in quantum computing that boosts processing power above and beyond what is possible with classical computing, allowing the creation of quantum algorithms that more effectively tackle challenging issues. the use of entangled states in quantum circuits and gates, emphasizing new developments in quantum algorithms like Grover's and Shor's algorithms. Entanglement is the foundation of secure communication protocols like Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in the field of quantum cryptography. the fundamentals of QKD and how entangled states can prevent eavesdropping on information being transferred, demonstrating its promise to transform secure communication in the digital age.
The Role of the Court of Conflicts in Preserving the Rules of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction
The Court of Conflicts is considered a judicial body aimed at resolving conflicts of jurisdiction between the judicial bodies of the ordinary judicial system and those of the administrative judicial system. It was established pursuant to paragraph four of Article 152 of the 1996 Constitution, which stipulates that a Court of Conflicts shall be established to rule on conflicts of subject-matter jurisdiction between the Council of State and the Supreme Court. The same wording remained until the constitutional amendment of 2020 in Article 179, paragraph four, which stipulates that the Court of Conflicts shall decide on cases of conflict of jurisdiction between the ordinary judiciary and the bodies of the administrative judiciary. This was also provided for in Organic Law No. 98/03 relating to the competencies, organization, and functioning of the Court of Conflicts, as amended and supplemented, where Article 3 states: “The Court of Conflicts shall have jurisdiction over disputes of jurisdiction between the judicial bodies subject to the ordinary judicial system and the judicial bodies subject to the administrative system.” Subsequently, Organic Law No. 25/13 amending and supplementing Law 98/03 was issued, adopting the same wording.
Nanomaterials in Photovoltaics: Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiency Through Quantum Effects
Recent years have seen tremendous progress in photovoltaics, with nanomaterials playing an increasingly important role in improving solar cells' efficiency. These materials have the ability to improve light absorption, charge carrier mobility, and the development of new energy conversion processes due to their unique quantum features, which set them apart from standard bulk materials. emphasis on the quantum effects of nanomaterials and how they can be used to improve the efficiency of solar cells, in order to circumvent the limits of photovoltaic technology that are already in place. The potential of important nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, nanowires, and two-dimensional materials, to improve photogenerated current, light harvesting by means of multiple exciton generation, and energy band alignment is examined. Furthermore, there are difficulties in incorporating these materials into affordable and scalable solar cell devices. The current state of nanomaterial-based photovoltaic research and looking ahead to the possibility of developing solar cells with increased efficiency; this development would greatly aid in the worldwide shift towards renewable energy sources.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Scientific Research in Algeria: Advantages and Limits
The rapid diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into academic and research environments has emerged as a transformative phenomenon across global higher education systems. Algeria, endowed with substantial human capital and over one hundred public universities, faces both considerable opportunities and significant structural challenges in leveraging these technologies to advance its national scientific research agenda. This article provides a conceptual and contextual analysis of the advantages and limits of AI tool usage in Algerian university research as of 2025. Drawing on secondary literature, national policy documents, and recent studies on technology adoption in developing-country academic contexts, the study identifies seven principal advantage domains including acceleration of data analysis, optimization of sector-specific research, enhancement of healthcare research, and strengthening of international collaboration and analyses four categories of structural limitations: fragile digital infrastructure, shortage of qualified human resources, absence of clear ethical and legal frameworks, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The article further documents the current state of AI integration in Algerian universities, including governmental initiatives and their gaps, and concludes with a set of evidence-informed policy recommendations for national authorities and institutional leaders.
The Role of Play Therapy in Treating Childhood Behavioral Disorders
Play therapy has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic approach in addressing childhood behavioral disorders. This paper examines the role of play therapy in treating various behavioral disorders in children, including its mechanisms, effectiveness, and implications for practice. Through a review of existing literature and case studies, this paper explores how play therapy facilitates emotional expression, coping mechanisms, and behavioral change in children. The findings suggest that play therapy is a valuable tool in the therapeutic process, particularly for children who may struggle with verbal communication.
International Mechanisms for the Protection of Freedom of Expression
Freedom of expression was not offered on a silver platter; rather, it came after great suffering and struggle carried out by philosophers and free people around the world against their ruling authorities. For this reason, freedom of expression gained wide resonance after the end of the First World War and became an international matter, after previously being regarded as a domestic issue under the principle of state sovereignty. After the end of the Second World War, the United Nations was established, which worked on issuing declarations, covenants, and conventions and created international mechanisms that effectively contributed to the protection of freedom of expression at the international level.
Comparative Study of Amphibian Population Decline and Environmental Stress Factors
Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrate groups globally, with widespread population declines reported across diverse geographic regions. Their permeable skin, biphasic life cycle, and reliance on both aquatic and terrestrial habitats make them particularly sensitive to environmental changes. a comparative analysis of amphibian population decline in relation to key environmental stress factors, including habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, emerging infectious diseases, and invasive species. Data compiled from long-term field surveys and ecological assessments reveal that habitat fragmentation and wetland degradation remain primary drivers of population loss. Agricultural expansion, urbanization, and deforestation have significantly reduced breeding sites and disrupted migratory pathways. Climate variability, including altered rainfall patterns and temperature fluctuations, further affects reproductive timing, larval development, and survival rates. In addition, contamination from pesticides, heavy metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals has been linked to developmental abnormalities and reduced immune competence. Emerging infectious diseases, particularly chytridiomycosis caused by fungal pathogens, have contributed to rapid declines in several species, especially in high-altitude and tropical regions. The interaction between disease dynamics and environmental stress appears to intensify mortality rates. Comparative evaluation indicates that species with restricted geographic ranges and specialized habitat requirements are at greater risk than generalist species. the multifactorial nature of amphibian declines and emphasize the need for integrated conservation strategies. Habitat restoration, pollution control, disease monitoring, and climate adaptation measures are essential to mitigate further biodiversity loss. Understanding the combined effects of environmental stressors is crucial for preserving amphibian diversity and maintaining ecosystem stability.
Strategy of Rural Development in Algeria: Applied Models and Future Challenges
Rural development stands as a prominent area of interest among researchers from various social, political, and administrative fields. Contemporary governments increasingly anchor their general policies in the success of this developmental paradigm, and Algeria is no exception to this trend. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze and assess the rural development policy strategy implemented in Algeria at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The approach involves examining the conceptual framework of rural development and its related notions and representations. Additionally, the trajectory of rural development policies within the Algerian context will be presented as the first area of inquiry. The subsequent section is dedicated to a detailed analysis and evaluation of the results achieved by various rural development programs established by the state, with particular attention to the factors and indicators that determine the success of these strategies. The analysis covers the achievement of developmental and social objectives, economic and agricultural vitality across different sectors, and environmental considerations, while also respecting the geographical and demographic potential and the distinctive characteristics of each rural region. It further explores the contribution of these policies to improving the living standards of rural inhabitants and promoting their continued residence in these areas. Algeria has centered its national development strategy on promoting stability and supporting rural growth by curbing rural exodus and preventing the abandonment of agricultural lands, especially during the period known as the “black decade.” This strategy also encompasses job creation, the achievement of security and self-sufficiency through family-based economies, and particular emphasis on the role of rural women. Moreover, it aims to ease urban pressures and make a significant contribution to macroeconomic balance. Ultimately, these efforts strengthen the social and economic stability of rural communities and foster a harmonious and complementary relationship between urban and rural settings.
Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change: Sustainable Solutions for Protecting Endangered Species
As a result of changing ecosystems, increasing temperatures, and the loss of habitat, many species are in danger of extinction, making biodiversity conservation an urgent need. long-term approaches to preserving species at risk from climate change, with an emphasis on repairing ecosystems, safeguarding habitats, and incorporating climate-resilient tactics into preservation initiatives. The establishment of wildlife corridors, the use of adaptive management strategies, and the protection of vital ecosystems like coral reefs, wetlands, and forests are important methods. conservation efforts that have been effective and highlight the significance of local and worldwide cooperation among indigenous people, NGOs, and governments. preserving ecosystem health and ensuring the survival of endangered species requires proactive conservation efforts that adapt to climate change. Protecting species and ensuring ecological stability and resilience in the face of climate change are all said to necessitate sustainable biodiversity conservation.
Miserliness between Reality and Imagination in the Arab Literary Heritage
Miserliness is a social phenomenon known to peoples since ancient times. Although the Arab has long taken pride in generosity and liberality, he has never ceased to recognize miserliness and to satirize misers. Islamic law reinforced the value of generosity and condemned miserliness, which further strengthened the Arabs’ attachment to liberality. However, the intermingling of different peoples within the Islamic state contributed to its spread. The Arab literary heritage has preserved numerous accounts, anecdotes, and poems about misers across the ages in books of reports and literary encyclopedias. Al-Jahiz, in particular, presented miserliness in a narrative form, especially from the perspective of realistic documentation. As for the corpus of Arabic poetry, it abounds in poetic images based on exaggeration, often supported with satirical humor.
The Science of Endurance: Analyzing Training Strategies for Long-Distance Athletes
Endurance performance is a critical aspect of long-distance sports, requiring a combination of physiological adaptations, strategic training, and proper recovery. This paper examines endurance training strategies that optimize performance in long-distance athletes, including aerobic conditioning, interval training, and periodization. Additionally, it explores the role of nutrition, hydration, and psychological resilience in sustaining peak performance. The findings suggest that a structured and scientifically informed training approach significantly enhances endurance capacity and overall athletic success.
Machine Translationas An Educational Tool: Opportunities and Challenges for Learning Arabi As a Foriegen Language
In this research paper, we seek to shed light on one of the modern educational tools that learners of foreign languages in this era have come to refer to in their language acquisition journey, namely machine translation, by addressing it as an aid in promoting the learning of foreign languages in general and the Arabic language for non-Arabs in particular, by identifying and monitoring the extent of its potential to be an aid to learning the Arabic language with its unique characteristics, as well as monitoring the challenges that non-Arab learners may face when learning Arabic language through this tool, hence the central issue: to what extent can machine translation be relied upon in teaching languages in general and the Arabic language in particular? What are the possibilities that users of machine translation take advantage of for the purpose of learning Arabic and what challenges they face when doing so?
Conservation Genetics of Endangered Mammalian Species: Implications for Wildlife Management
Conservation genetics has become an essential discipline in wildlife biology, providing critical insights into the preservation of endangered mammalian species. Rapid habitat fragmentation, population decline, climate change, and anthropogenic pressures have led to reduced genetic diversity in many mammal populations. Loss of genetic variation increases the risk of inbreeding depression, reduced adaptive potential, and long-term extinction. the role of conservation genetics in assessing genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among endangered mammalian species, with emphasis on its practical implications for wildlife management. Molecular tools such as mitochondrial DNA sequencing, microsatellite markers, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis are widely used to evaluate genetic health and evolutionary relationships. These techniques help identify distinct population segments, detect bottlenecks, and estimate effective population size. Genetic data further assist in determining connectivity between fragmented habitats and in designing corridors to promote gene flow.
Variоus Apprоаchеs tо the Preservatiоn and Cоnsеrvatiоn оf Cultural Tехtiles
Thе field оf tехtilе соnsеrvаtiоn encоmpаssеs a rangе оf methоds and materials dеsigned tо sаfeguard, restоrе, and uphоld teхtilеs thаt hоld histоrical, artistiс, оr сultural impоrtаnce. As this disciplinе hаs prоgressed, соnservаtоrs hаve dеvisеd an аrrаy оf treаtmеnt stratеgies that blеnd bоth time-hоnоred and mоdеrn techniques, with selесtiоns made aссоrding tо thе speсific соnditiоn and signifiсаncе оf еасh teхtile. This article prоvides a соmprеhensivе оvеrviеw оf thе fundamental materials and methоdоlоgies emplоyеd in teхtilе cоnservatiоn, with particular emphasis оn thе prоcessеs оf clеaning, repаiring, stabilizing, аnd stоring tехtiles. In additiоn, the disсussiоn inсludes thе ethiсal dilemmas and сhаllеnges that cоnservаtоrs encоunter in their quеst tо chооse suitable materials fоr intеrventiоn.
Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Civil Infrastructure: Long-Term Adaptation Strategies
Rising temperatures, more frequent and severe weather events, and an increase in sea levels are just a few ways that climate change is putting a strain on our nation's vital infrastructure. to adapt to changing environmental circumstances in a way that keeps infrastructure safe, efficient, and sustainable over the long term; and to deal with the effects of climate change on civil infrastructure. Climate change poses serious risks to infrastructure including roads, bridges, water systems, and buildings; this study looks at some of those dangers, including more frequent storms, floods, droughts, and temperature changes. the unique difficulties encountered by urban and coastal areas, as well as the varying degrees of infrastructure vulnerability across geographies. present methods of adaptation, such as strengthening design standards, including green infrastructure solutions, and creating climate-resilient materials. Policy and governance also play a part in building resilience over the long run, with the public, private, and community sectors all needing to work together. In order to ensure the continuous usefulness and sustainability of civil infrastructure in a world that is rapidly changing, it is important to analyse case studies of cities and regions that have successfully implemented adaptation techniques.
The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: An Alarming Fact »
In recent years, climate change has impacted on health in many ways, including deaths and illness from increasingly frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, storms and floods, disruption of food systems, increases in zoonoses, food-borne, water-borne and vector-borne diseases, and mental health problems. The aim of this work is to shed light on climate change, its impacts and consequences on human health. In addition, current climate change compromises many of the social determinants of good human health, such as livelihoods equality and access to healthcare and social support structures, and so on.
The Role of Physical Activity in Preventing Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for the development of lifestyle-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and certain forms of cancer. In modern societies characterized by sedentary work patterns and reduced daily movement, insufficient physical activity has become a significant public health concern. Regular physical activity, ranging from moderate aerobic exercise to strength training, plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic health, improving cardiovascular function, and regulating body weight. Global health organizations such as the World Health Organization emphasize that consistent physical activity reduces morbidity and mortality associated with non-communicable diseases. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, lowers blood pressure, enhances lipid profiles, and supports immune function. Beyond physical health, regular movement also contributes to psychological well-being by reducing stress, anxiety, and symptoms of depression.
The Term and Terminology in Critical Discourse: An Inquiry into the Emergence of the Concept in Tradition and Modernity
This study seeks to investigate the emergence of the concept of terminology in the works of both early and modern scholars. In parallel, it attempts to reveal the manner in which the science of terminology took shape in the 1930s through a number of schools, thanks to which both term and terminology came to occupy a distinctive position in the Western and Arab cultural landscapes alike. This is because what distinguishes a term from a general linguistic expression is its specificity. The coinage of a term by specialists is governed by a precise and well-defined theoretical framework that assigns a single linguistic sign to each concept, agreed upon by convention, thereby rendering it a specific linguistic marker tied to a particular field of knowledge.Moreover, specialists have confronted the terminological problem with considerable awareness,viewing it as one of the most controversial critical issues in transmission, translation, and usage. Consequently, recourse to the science of terminology (terminology studies) has become an inevitable necessity for addressing this problem, with due consideration of the term's specificity in its formulation and establishment. Arab scholarly efforts, in turn, have kept pace with terminological issues and have contributed proposals aimed at laying the foundations for an Arabic terminology grounded in scientific theories, drawing its epistemological resources from both heritage and modernity, and relying on approaches such as revival and innovation, as well as rooting and systematisation.
Charging Infrastructure and Range Anxiety: Key Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption and Solutions
Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is hindered by a number of factors, the most important of which are concerns about charging infrastructure and range anxiety. Even though everyone knows that electric vehicles are good for the environment and can save money, they still haven't caught on due to worries about their range and the unreliability of charging facilities. Examining the ways in which limited range and insufficient charging infrastructure contribute to customer reluctance, this article delves deeply into these critical issues. the aftermath of rapid-charging infrastructure, and the disparity in the availability of charging stations between rural and urban regions. Furthermore, the idea of range anxiety is discussed, with an emphasis on the mental and practical effects it could have on people considering purchasing electric vehicles. Public-private partnerships to increase the availability of charging stations, new ultra-fast charging networks, and improvements in battery technology that increase the range that electric vehicles can travel on a single charge are all examples of policy measures and technical developments that try to overcome these obstacles. The report finds the best ways to overcome the limitations of charging infrastructure and reduce range anxiety by analysing worldwide case studies. It then gives suggestions for how governments, manufacturers, and consumers can speed up the adoption of electric vehicles and achieve a more sustainable transportation future.
Dimensions of Quality of Work Life for Paramedical Workers: A Field Study at the Public Health Institution of Berrah, Annaba
This study aims to explore certain dimensions of Quality of Work Life (QWL) among paramedical staff at the Public Institution of Proximity Healthcare in Berrahal, Annaba. To empirically examine the research objectives, a descriptive approach was employed, relying on a random sample of 33 participants out of a total population of 43 individuals involved in the field study. A questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool, comprising 28 items distributed across five dimensions. Statistical analysis was conducted using frequencies and arithmetic means. The findings revealed that the dimensions of wage fairness and participation in decision-making do not contribute to achieving QWL for the study sample. In contrast, the dimensions of work–life balance, positive human relations, and favorable physical working conditions were found to enhance QWL among the participants.
Work-Life Balance and Employee Well-Being in Remote Work Environments
The rapid expansion of remote work has significantly transformed organizational structures and employee lifestyles, redefining the boundaries between professional and personal life. Enabled by digital communication technologies and virtual collaboration platforms such as Zoom and Microsoft Teams, remote work offers flexibility, reduced commuting time, and greater autonomy. However, challenges related to work-life balance, role ambiguity, and digital fatigue. how remote work environments influence employee well-being, focusing on factors such as boundary management, workload distribution, social isolation, and organizational support. While flexible scheduling can enhance job satisfaction and family engagement, the absence of clear physical and temporal boundaries may lead to extended working hours and increased stress. Constant connectivity and expectations of immediate responsiveness further blur distinctions between work and personal time.
Between Conflict and Convergence: A Study of the Relationship between the Governors of the Algerian and Tunisian Regencies in the Late Ottoman Period through Tunisian Archival Documents
Geographic proximity and contiguity between Algeria and Tunisia contributed to the formation of a shared historical experience, reflected in their subjection, at various periods, to a single authority, including Ottoman rule during the modern era. What characterized Ottoman governance in both territories was the relative autonomy of each side. However, the autonomy of the Regency of Tunisia remained limited, as the rulers of Algeria intervened in its internal struggles for power during the period from 1725 to 1756, at the request of its rulers, within the framework of the Husaynid Basha conflict. Despite the end of this conflict, its effects remained evident, particularly in the continued intervention of Algerian rulers in Tunisian affairs as a result of the privileges they had obtained, having played a decisive role in resolving the conflict. This situation persisted until 1807, when Hamuda Pasha al Husayni decided to put an end to Algerian influence in Tunisia by launching a campaign against Constantine, an action that led to a deterioration in relations between the two sides for several years, until the intervention of the Ottoman Sultan, who brokered a reconciliation between them in 1821. Subsequently, channels of communication were formalized at the level of the authorities of the two Regencies, as well as in the organization of commercial transactions between them. A degree of rapprochement emerged, driven by the necessity of maintaining relations in military, political, and economic spheres, in light of their geographic proximity and shared interests. Through this study, we aim to examine the impact of the interventions of Algerian rulers in the Husaynid Basha conflict during the eighteenth century on the trajectory of relations between the two Regencies at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The analysis is based first on local historical sources from both Regencies, before turning to Tunisian archival documents to highlight aspects of conflict and the attempts, particularly by the Tunisian side, to foster rapprochement. We also seek to investigate the impact of geographic proximity and neighboring relations between the Regencies of Algeria and Tunisia in shaping a form of quasi political hegemony exercised by Algerian rulers over Tunisia. This was manifested in their continuous intervention in its internal affairs, whether at the request of its rulers or on the basis of privileges they had obtained. Furthermore, the study examines the repercussions of this situation on both subjects and officials, especially in Algeria, at the political, social, and economic levels.
Consumer Perception of Ethical Branding in Sustainable Apparel Markets
The expansion of sustainable apparel markets has intensified the importance of ethical branding as a strategic tool for differentiation and consumer trust building. As environmental and social concerns gain prominence, apparel brands increasingly communicate commitments to fair labor practices, responsible sourcing, reduced carbon footprints, and circular production models. However, consumer perception of ethical branding varies significantly across demographic groups and market contexts, influencing purchasing behavior and long-term brand loyalty. how consumers interpret and evaluate ethical branding claims within sustainable apparel markets. It explores factors such as brand credibility, transparency, certification labels, price positioning, and consistency between stated values and corporate practices. While ethical messaging can positively shape brand image and increase willingness to pay, skepticism toward greenwashing and misleading claims may weaken consumer trust. Perceived authenticity, third-party verification, and clear sustainability reporting are identified as critical determinants of positive brand perception.
Therapeutic Strategies for Children with Learning Difficulties: From Differential Diagnosis to the “Proposed Integrative Tree Engineering”
The present article addresses the development of interest in the category of children with learning difficulties in light of the increasing rates of their prevalence and the need to provide educational services that ensure equal opportunities. The article seeks to refute inadequate diagnostic practices that have arbitrarily classified them within categories of intellectual disability, emphasizing that improving psychological care is based on the skill of differential diagnosis. Within this framework, the “Response to Intervention” approach is proposed as a methodological alternative to the traditional “discrepancy” criterion for building structured therapeutic strategies. The added value of the article lies in presenting the “proposed integrative tree model,” whose theoretical dimensions were previously outlined in an earlier study (Haj Sabri, 2026), where it is employed here in designing a comprehensive therapeutic intervention that integrates neuropsychological, procedural, and developmental dimensions, with the aim of harnessing multiple intelligences and correcting the learning and academic trajectory of this category.
The Role of Working Memory in Decision-Making Processes
The critical role of working memory in decision-making processes, exploring how the capacity and function of working memory influence cognitive processes underlying decision-making. Working memory, a limited-capacity system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information, plays a pivotal role in integrating incoming information, past experiences, and goals to facilitate decision-making. Cognitive psychology research has shown that individuals with greater working memory capacity often demonstrate enhanced abilities to consider multiple alternatives, weigh complex information, and foresee potential outcomes during decision-making tasks. Theoretical frameworks, such as dual-process theory and the adaptive decision-making model, highlight the interplay between working memory and executive functions in decision processes. Dual-process theory posits that decisions can be influenced by both intuitive, automatic processes and controlled, deliberative processes mediated by working memory. This framework suggests that working memory supports the deliberative processes involved in evaluating options, planning actions, and inhibiting impulsive responses, thereby optimizing decision outcomes. Empirical studies utilizing neuroimaging techniques, behavioral experiments, and computational modeling have provided insights into the neural mechanisms underlying working memory's role in decision-making. Neuroscientific evidence indicates that regions of the prefrontal cortex, particularly dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, play a crucial role in integrating working memory processes with emotional and motivational factors to guide decision outcomes. Furthermore, studies investigating individual differences in working memory capacity and decision-making competence underscore the predictive validity of working memory as a cognitive resource in real-world decision contexts.
Islamic finance and its role in funding startups an analytical study of financing mechanisms and their role in supporting entrepreneurship
This research aims to obtain alternative financing sources provided by Islamic banking products that can be utilized to finance startups with one of the current products in the form of debt-and-equity. Focusing on startups has become an absolute necessity due to their importance in economic growth and their crucial role as a breeding ground for new generations of entrepreneurs and businessmen. these enterprises play also a significant role in increasing the rate of economic activity and combating unemployment. Therefore, this research concludes that Islamic finance institutions must be supported with mechanisms that serve this type of startup, given the advantages they offer to the projects and to the economy in general. Moreover, Islamic institutions finance these ventures as part of their social responsibility, which stems from their inherent developmental role.
Impact of Strength Training on Speed and Agility in Competitive Sports
Strength training plays a critical role in enhancing speed and agility, which are essential components of success in competitive sports. the physiological mechanisms through which strength training improves explosive power, reaction time, and movement efficiency. Key training methodologies such as resistance training, plyometrics, and functional movement exercises are examined. The findings indicate that a structured strength training regimen significantly enhances athletic performance by improving force production, neuromuscular coordination, and overall agility.
Withdrawal of Authorization as a Mechanism for Protecting Groundwater in Light of Climate Change, in Accordance with Water Law No. 12/05
Water resources are among the most important issues at the forefront of the challenges and problems facing the world. Therefore, despite the adoption of strategies, the conclusion of agreements and treaties, and the enactment of numerous laws, the protection of groundwater resources continues to deteriorate as a result of their irrational use. Accordingly, it has become imperative for Algerian legislation to intervene and provide for preventive methods to address and confront water resource problems. On this basis, the legislator has granted the administration the authority to monitor the use of groundwater, equipping it with preventive legal tools that fall within the framework of subsequent control exercised over individuals and institutions in order to verify compliance with the prescribed procedures. These measures are known as administrative sanctions, which vary in form and scope depending on the degree of violation of mandatory legal rules, such as the withdrawal of authorization in cases of non-compliance with the rules and conditions governing the exploitation of groundwater.
Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Organizations: Sociological Insights
Cultural diversity has become a pivotal aspect of global organizations, shaping their dynamics, strategies, and outcomes in increasingly interconnected and diverse environments. This paper delves into the sociological dimensions of cultural diversity within global organizations, exploring how cultural differences influence organizational behavior, communication patterns, decision-making processes, and employee interactions. Drawing on sociological theories and empirical studies, the paper examines the challenges and opportunities presented by cultural diversity, highlighting the complexities of managing multicultural teams and fostering inclusive organizational cultures. It also discusses strategies and best practices for leveraging cultural diversity as a source of innovation, creativity, and competitive advantage in global business contexts. By offering sociological insights into the dynamics of cultural diversity, this paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of its implications for organizational effectiveness and success in a globalized world.
Colonial Law and Educational Transformation in Algeria: The Impact of French Legislation (1870–1940)
This article examines the role of French colonial legislation in shaping and transforming the educational landscape of Algeria between 1870 and 1940. It argues that education was not merely a civilizing mission, as portrayed in colonial discourse, but rather a strategic instrument of domination, assimilation, and social restructuring. Through an analysis of key legal texts, administrative policies, and institutional practices, the study shows how French laws systematically reconfigured indigenous education, marginalized traditional systems of learning, and created a dual educational structure that reinforced social and cultural inequalities. Adopting a historical-analytical approach, the article draws on archival sources, colonial decrees, and contemporary accounts to explore the tensions between colonial objectives and local responses. The findings reveal that French legislation simultaneously expanded access to schooling while restricting its transformative potential for Algerians, thereby giving rise to an educated minority aligned with colonial interests. The study contributes to broader debates on colonial rule, education, and cultural hegemony, offering a nuanced understanding of how legal frameworks operated as mechanisms of control in colonial contexts.
The Role of Quantum Technologies in Advancing Autonomous Vehicle Systems
By improving their computational capacity, sensory precision, and decision-making powers, quantum technologies have the potential to completely transform autonomous car systems. These systems can handle enormous volumes of data more effectively and make choices in real time with previously unheard-of precision by utilizing quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. While quantum sensing technologies—such as quantum radar and quantum-enhanced lidar—improve object detection and identification in difficult environments, quantum computing holds the promise of optimizing complex algorithms for path planning, traffic management, and machine learning models. the incorporation of quantum technologies into self-driving car systems, investigating how these developments can help with today's perception, navigation, and safety issues. We also talk about the possibility for quantum-enhanced autonomous systems to hasten the creation of completely autonomous transportation networks and its ramifications for the future.
Fundamentals of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
The use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in the humanities and social sciences has become an essential and indispensable approach that must be adopted in future field research, particularly in psychology. This shift comes after moving beyond the traditional reliance on complex and multiple hypotheses that demand considerable time and effort from researchers, while often failing to fully capture or control all variables influencing the phenomenon under study. In contrast, structural modeling enables the simultaneous examination of a large and complex set of interrelated relationships, while also accounting—at least partially—for measurement errors in the observed variables. Given the importance of this modern statistical approach, the aim of this article is to present clear analytical concepts regarding Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), its objectives, key advantages, fundamental principles, and the most commonly used model types. This will be supported by practical examples and applied research models to enhance understanding.
Effect of Motivation on Academic Achievement among Students
Motivation plays a crucial role in determining students’ academic achievement by influencing their level of engagement, persistence, and overall learning behavior. It serves as a driving force that encourages students to set goals, overcome challenges, and perform effectively in academic settings. This paper examines the effect of motivation on academic achievement among students, focusing on different types of motivation and their impact on learning outcomes. The study explores intrinsic motivation, which arises from internal interest and enjoyment in learning, and extrinsic motivation, which is driven by external rewards such as grades, recognition, or parental expectations. It highlights how motivated students tend to exhibit higher levels of concentration, better time management, and greater academic success. Conversely, lack of motivation may lead to poor performance, low engagement, and decreased interest in studies. The findings suggest that motivation significantly influences academic achievement and plays a key role in shaping students’ attitudes toward learning. Understanding the factors that enhance motivation can help educators and parents develop effective strategies to improve students’ academic performance and overall development.
Literature in Streamlined EFL Programs: A Mixed-Methods Study of Didactic Practices and Student Outcomes
This research analyses how literature is used as part of a module for first-year students studying English as a Foreign Language at the University Center of Barika in Algeria, where it is not always consistently included in non-specialist programs. The research adopts Carter and Long's (1991) exploratory mixed-methods case study approach, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate whether current literature use supports students in developing linguistically and cognitively. Through the use of surveys, classroom observations, and interviews, data were collected from 40 students and 3 instructors. There are strong positive correlations between student interest in literature and their improvement in reading (r = 0.58) and participation (r = 0.62). Students reported that student-centered and interactive pedagogies were the primary drivers of their involvement in literature, while issues with linguistic complexity and cultural distance from Western literature were found to negatively impact students' learning experience. Based on this work, a five-dimensional model of literature use is proposed to strengthen literature teaching in other EFL contexts, with dimensions addressing selection and use of literature, pedagogy, assessment, technology integration, and teacher training and development.
Biological Systems and Their Complexity: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
Biological systems are inherently complex, characterized by dynamic interactions across multiple levels of organization, from molecular networks to entire ecosystems. This paper examines the complexity of biological systems through a multidisciplinary lens, integrating insights from molecular biology, systems biology, computational science, and ecology. Advances in high-throughput technologies, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence have enabled researchers to analyze and model complex biological interactions with greater precision. The study highlights how interconnected processes such as gene regulation, cellular signaling, and ecological interactions contribute to the emergent properties of living systems. Furthermore, it explores the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing contemporary challenges, including disease management, environmental sustainability, and biodiversity conservation. By synthesizing knowledge across diverse domains, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of biological complexity and its implications for scientific research and practical applications.
The Role of Service Learning in Developing Life Skills among Students of Oum El Bouaghi University
This study aimed to identify the role of service learning in developing life skills among students at Oum El Bouaghi University, by measuring its level of contribution across three dimensions: social skills, academic skills, and personal skills. The descriptive method was adopted to conduct this study, through the construction of a questionnaire to measure the three dimensions, which was distributed to a sample of 94 students. The results of the study showed that service learning contributes significantly to the development of life skills among university students. Social skills ranked first, followed by academic skills, while personal skills ranked third, and all these skills were within a high level. These results indicate the effectiveness of service learning as an educational approach that links theoretical and practical cognitive aspects in university training, contributing to the preparation of students who possess essential life skills.
Circular Economy in Fashion: Textile Recycling, Upcycling, and the Future of Green Apparel
Critics are pointing fingers at the fashion industry, which uses a lot of resources, for contributing to issues like textile waste, unsustainable consumption habits, and environmental deterioration. Recycling textiles, upcycling them, and designing closed-loop systems to reduce waste and increase product lifecycles are all part of the circular economy's push for these changes. How advances in recycling and upcycling help to environmental sustainability and consumer adoption of green clothes, transforming the future of this industry according to principles of the circular economy. Theories of consumer behavior and sustainability are being used to explain how innovations in fiber recycling technology, the expansion of the second-hand market, and innovative upcycling projects are shaking up the conventional linear models of production and consumption. Research suggests that upcycling encourages innovation, local handicraft, and consumer participation in sustainable activities, whereas recycling programs lessen reliance on resources and emissions of carbon dioxide. However, obstacles to broad adoption include issues with scalability, economic feasibility, customer awareness, and the enduring ethos of quick fashion.
The Role of the Public Prosecution in Achieving Balance between Media Freedom and Prosecutorial Secrecy in Algerian Legislation “Analytical Study in Light of Law 25-14”
This research studies the pivotal role of the Public Prosecution in Algerian Legislation in achieving an accurate balance between the society’s right to information and the protected judicial confidentiality. Through analyzing the legal framework regulation this relationship, particularly focusing on law 25-14 amending the Code of Criminal Procedure and Organic Law 23-14 on Information, the research seeks to reveal the mechanisms that can enable the prosecution to exercise its supervisory and regulatory role. The research highlights that the Public Prosecution is no longer merely a crime prosecution body, but has become the authority responsible for regulating the flow of judicial information to the public opinion, within strict legal controls that preserve the presumption of innocence and the rights of litigants.
Innovations in Solar Panel Efficiency: Emerging Technologies for a Sustainable Future
As a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solution to address climate change has been sought after, the demand for solar power has skyrocketed. Making solar panels more efficient so they produce more electricity for less money is a major obstacle to solar power's broad use. state-of-the-art solar panel technologies that aim to improve its efficiency, durability, and overall performance. The study assesses the impact of new technologies on the solar industry, paying special attention to tandem solar cells, bifacial panels, perovskite solar cells, and quantum dots, among other advanced materials. Optimising solar energy systems and predicting energy production with the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning is another important development. discoveries, which have the ability to greatly enhance the efficiency of solar panels, this study highlights how technological progress is key to propelling the worldwide shift to renewable energy. According to the results, these advances will lead to a more sustainable energy future by making solar power more reliable and scalable while simultaneously reducing its cost.
The Role of the Public Prosecution in Achieving Balance between Media Freedom and Prosecutorial Secrecy in Algerian Legislation "Analytical Study in Light of Law 25-14”
Avian Vocalization Patterns and Their Role in Territory Defense and Mate Selection
Vocalizations are an important part of bird communication and serve as behavioral mechanisms for mate selection and territorial defense. the vocal signals produced by birds and their evolutionary relevance; more specifically, how changes in the complexity, frequency, and structure of songs impact mating success and interactions across species. Song is a two-fold signal that birds use to attract mates and ward off predators. This discovery is based on acoustic investigations, field observations, and behavioral comparisons across a variety of bird species. By communicating presence and authority through loud, repetitive sounds and species-specific musical signatures, territorial defense is made easier, leading to less physical conflict and energy conservation. On the other hand, songs that are more complex, melodic, and energy intensive are typically used to attract mates and reflect the male's condition, genetic fitness, and quality. There is evidence that females provide preference to males with certain musical characteristics that are associated with survival, such as a large repertoire, stable pitch, and consistent performance. In addition, habitat density, ambient noise, and temperature fluctuation are some of the environmental elements that influence vocal tactics, which in turn cause adaptive changes in the timing and frequency of songs.
Administrative Digitization and Organizational Trust in the Context of Cybersecurity: A Field Study at the Youth Institutions Office in Souk Ahras Province
This study explores the relationship between administrative digitization and organizational trust within the cybersecurity framework among employees at the Youth Institutions Office in Souk Ahras Province. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach with a purposive sample of 30 employees (executives and control assistants), the research utilized a structured questionnaire as the primary data collection tool, complemented by direct observation, with data analyzed via SPSS. It focused on four key dimensions: securing data and information infrastructure, protecting information and communication networks, information network protection, and electronic transaction encryption. Findings revealed no statistically significant relationship between infrastructure security, general network protection, and organizational trust. Conversely, information network protection and electronic transaction encryption demonstrated strong, positive, statistically significant correlations with trust. These results highlight the critical role of visible technical measures in enhancing employee confidence and underscore the necessity of effective cybersecurity policies and communication strategies to cultivate sustainable trust—aligning with contemporary global trends.[1][2]
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance
The article delves into the significant impact transformative leadership has on morale and productivity in the workplace. As a key leadership style in modern businesses, transformational leadership is distinguished by its emphasis on motivation, emulation, intellectual challenge, and personal care. This study analyses the elements of transformational leadership and explains how leaders who use this approach may boost morale in the workplace. It also talks about how more motivation may have a domino impact on an organization's productivity. With the help of transformational leadership, businesses may create an environment where employees are invested in their work, where new ideas are encouraged, and where loyalty to the company and its customers is high. To succeed in today's fast-paced business environment, companies must have leaders that understand and practise transformational leadership concepts.
International Cooperation In Combating Cybercrime
This research addresses the topic of international cooperation in combating cybercrime in light of the significant technological advancements that have led to a rapid and massive flow of information. This has made information vulnerable to various forms of manipulation, such as alteration, deletion, and forgery, negatively impacting individuals, institutions, and nations, particularly in security and economic aspects. The transnational nature of cybercrime makes it difficult to combat it solely at the national level. Criminals can now commit their crimes remotely and easily conceal their traces, highlighting the necessity of international cooperation as a fundamental mechanism for addressing it. This cooperation includes the exchange of information, judicial assistance, international judicial delegation, and extradition, in addition to the role of international organizations such as Interpol in coordinating efforts among countries. However, this cooperation faces several obstacles at the international level, such as jurisdictional disputes, differing legal systems, the complexity of judicial delegation procedures, extradition challenges, and considerations of national sovereignty. At the national level, the most prominent challenges include the inadequacy of legislation and its unsuitability to the nature of cybercrime, as well as the difficulty of proving these crimes due to their digital nature and the ease with which evidence can be concealed. The research concludes that international cooperation is the cornerstone of combating cybercrime, but its effectiveness requires overcoming these obstacles by strengthening coordination between countries, harmonizing laws, and concluding international agreements that contribute to developing mechanisms for confronting cybercrime and achieving security and stability.
Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal Relationships: A Sociological Perspective
The impact of social media on interpersonal relationships has become a focal point of sociological inquiry in contemporary society. social media platforms influence the dynamics, quality, and perceptions of interpersonal relationships from a sociological perspective. the transformation of communication patterns, social interactions, and the formation of online communities. the potential benefits of enhanced connectivity and the dissemination of information, alongside challenges such as privacy concerns, cyberbullying, and the blurring of online and offline identities. Moreover the implications of social media use on social norms, trust, and intimacy within interpersonal relationships. It highlights the evolving nature of friendship, family dynamics, and romantic relationships in the digital age, influenced by virtual interactions and mediated communication.
Digital Transformation as a Lever for Reforming Tax Administration and Enhancing Tax Collection Efficiency: A Case Study of the Tax Directorate of Saïda Province
This study aims to analyze the requirements of digitalizing tax administration and its impact on tax collection in the Tax Directorate of Saïda Province. The importance of digitalization is highlighted in enhancing the efficiency and transparency of tax procedures, saving time and effort for both the administration and taxpayers, thereby increasing revenues and reducing tax evasion. The study relied on fieldwork through interviews and data collection from sector employees to analyze the impact of information technology usage on tax collection. The results show that digitalization improves the accuracy of operations, reduces errors, and strengthens trust between the administration and taxpayers, which increases the level of tax compliance.
The Role of Government Policies in Accelerating the Transition to 100% Renewable Energy
In order to achieve long-term sustainability and reduce the impact of climate change, it is essential to switch to renewable energy sources entirely. Even while solar, wind, and hydropower have become more efficient and cost-effective, governments throughout the world still need to work together if we want to switch to renewable energy completely. By establishing rules, incentives, and frameworks to encourage the creation and use of renewable energy systems, government policies are vital in hastening this change. the part played by policy instruments including feed-in tariffs, subsidies, tax incentives, and renewable energy regulations in easing the shift to entirely renewable power. the significance of incorporating renewable energy targets into overall energy plans, encouraging investment from the commercial sector, and resolving issues with energy storage, grid integration, and infrastructure development. In order to reach global renewable energy targets, the article also delves into the importance of policy alignment and international cooperation. The major policy drivers that can assist expedite the worldwide transition to a sustainable, renewable-powered future are highlighted in this paper through an analysis of case studies from nations that have achieved substantial progress towards 100% renewable energy. The results highlight the need of government policies that are robust, consistent, and future-oriented in order to achieve 100% renewable energy and construct a sustainable, low-carbon energy system.
Physical Coercion as a Means of Ensuring the Enforcement of Obligations under Algerian Legislation
Physical coercion is a means of exerting pressure on the debtor to fulfill his obligation through physical restraint, by imprisoning him for a period proportionate to the amount of the debt. The Algerian legislator expressly provided for this measure in the former Civil Procedure Code, enacted by Order No. 66-156, prior to its repeal. This enabled the creditor to recover his funds in cases where other enforcement methods proved ineffective. However, following Algeria’s signature and ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and its subsequent accession to the United Nations General Assembly, the country became bound by the Covenant’s principles—particularly Article 11, which states: “No one shall be imprisoned merely on the ground of inability to fulfil a contractual obligation.” The publication of the Covenant in the Official Gazette in 1997 resulted in the suspension of the provisions on physical coercion contained in the repealed Civil Procedure Code, pending the enactment of the new Civil and Administrative Procedure Code. These provisions were retained, with amendments, in the Criminal Procedure Code. Consequently, creditors have faced significant difficulties in securing their rights due to debtors’ evasion of obligation enforcement through the concealment of assets.
Supply Chain Transparency and Traceability in the Textile Sector
The textile sector operates through complex, multi-tiered global supply chains that span raw material production, spinning, weaving, dyeing, garment manufacturing, and international distribution. While this structure enables cost efficiency and rapid production, it often limits visibility across production stages, increasing risks related to labor exploitation, environmental harm, and regulatory non-compliance. In response, supply chain transparency and traceability have emerged as critical mechanisms for improving accountability and strengthening stakeholder trust within the textile industry. the role of transparency and traceability systems in enhancing ethical governance and sustainability performance in the textile sector. Transparency refers to the disclosure of sourcing practices, supplier relationships, and environmental impact data, while traceability involves the ability to track materials and processes across each stage of production. Digital tools such as blockchain, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and data analytics platforms are increasingly used to verify origin, monitor compliance, and improve information accuracy.
Self-Presentation in Amazigh Pre-Theatrical Forms: The Anzar Ritual as a Case Study — A Socio-Cultural Approach
The study of popular literature, pre-theatrical forms, and ritual practices is regarded as one of the most significant areas in folklore studies, as these practices reflect social and anthropological dimensions and address various societal issues. This research is grounded in the reality of culture and draws upon Erving Goffman’s theory of social interaction. It focuses on the popular traditions practiced by the Amazigh, with particular attention to the pre-theatrical forms of Béjaïa region, which warrant careful examination. The study seeks to connect the theoretical framework with practical applications by analyzing the interactions of participants during ritual practices from the perspective of the social study of Amazigh pre-theatrical forms. The social study of Amazigh pre-theatrical forms aims to provide answers to the following research questions: • What is meant by pre-theatrical forms ? • How do these forms interact with the dramatic structure itself, which underlies the theatrical experience ? • How have these forms evolved, similarly to their development in Greek theatre, from a stage of artistic absorption to a stage of aesthetic awareness ? • How does the dramatic framework suffice to generate the social interactions that occur among individuals during the practice of these rituals ? • What is the reality of individuals’ engagement with the dramatic dimension of these forms, and what are the motivations that drive them to participate in this engagement ?
Effectiveness of Electrolytic Treatment in Achieving Stability of Archaeological Metals: A Laboratory and Applied Study
This study presents an in-depth experimental investigation of the electrolytic method (Electrolytic Reduction / Cathodic Reduction) as one of the most prominent chemical-physical techniques for the treatment and conservation of archaeological metals (primarily iron, followed by copper and its alloys, and lead) recovered from aggressive environmental contexts such as saline soils or seawater. The research aims to analyse the mechanisms of cathodic reduction of corrosion layers and the removal of harmful ions (especially chloride ions Cl⁻) through electrolytic migration. The process seeks to convert unstable compounds into stable, inert ones, such as magnetite (Fe₃O₄), without causing any damage to the original metallic core. The study adopted an experimental methodology applied to an archaeological sample consisting of an “iron lamp handle.” The procedure was subjected to precise monitoring of physical and chemical variables, including: electrical potential (E vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode), pH (between 12.5 and 14), current density (0.005–0.1 A/cm²), and chloride concentration using Ion Chromatography. Pourbaix Diagrams were employed for the accurate determination of the regions of immunity and passivity within the alkaline environment. The experimental results demonstrated high efficiency, with a reduction in chloride ion concentration ranging from 95% to 99% over a period of 40 to 90 days (depending on the size and thickness of the artefact). This allowed the recovery of fine decorative details and prevented the exacerbation of “bronze disease” or accelerated iron corrosion (β-FeOOH). The electrolytic method proved markedly superior to pure alkaline immersion and traditional mechanical techniques, achieving an additional efficiency of up to 40%, making it the optimal choice and the “gold standard” in archaeological conservation projects in Algeria and the Maghreb region.
Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles: Analyzing Carbon Footprint Reduction Across the Lifecycle
The transportation sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide; switching to electric vehicles (EVs) is often cited as a critical step towards lowering this sector's impact. electric vehicles' effects on the environment by tracking their carbon footprint reduction from manufacturing to operation to disposal. all the way through an electric vehicle's lifecycle—from the extraction of raw materials to its production, usage, and eventual disposal—to offer a holistic perspective on the environmental advantages and disadvantages of these vehicles. Lifecycle assessments must consider the environmental impact of EVs' batteries and the energy sources utilised for charging, even though EVs significantly reduce carbon emissions during operation. The report stresses the net carbon reductions from electric vehicles compared to conventional ICE vehicles, especially in areas with clean electricity grids. In order to make electric vehicles as environmentally friendly as possible, it is crucial to incorporate renewable energy sources into the charging infrastructure and enhance battery recycling procedures. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of electric vehicles (EVs) as a key component of a larger plan to accomplish worldwide sustainability objectives and reduce the impact of climate change.
Al-Maliki Lexical Items in the Semantic Implications of Command and Prohibition: A Case Study
The Maliki view of Islamic law as a complete and comprehensive law had a clear impact on the establishment and development of their legal principles. This view was reflected in their methodological approach, which is characterized by breadth and coherence, along with a degree of disciplined flexibility that takes into account the objectives of Sharia and its general meanings. This resulted in a number of foundational juristic choices that distinguish the Maliki school and became among its most prominent characteristics. These choices had a clear influence on their juristic rulings, particularly in combining transmitted evidence with rational consideration. This study aims to highlight these foundational choices in the section of the semantic implications of words, in which the Malikis differed from other schools of jurisprudence, especially in the chapters of commands and prohibitions and their impact on juristic branches.
Digital Transformation in Apparel Retail: The Role of AI and Virtual Try-On Technologies
Digital transformation is reshaping the apparel retail industry through the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, and virtual try-on systems. As consumer expectations evolve toward personalization, convenience, and seamless omnichannel experiences, retailers are increasingly adopting digital tools to enhance operational efficiency and customer engagement. Among these innovations, AI-driven recommendation engines and virtual fitting technologies have emerged as central components in redefining the retail journey. the role of AI and virtual try-on technologies in improving decision-making processes, inventory optimization, demand forecasting, and customer satisfaction within apparel retail. AI algorithms analyze large volumes of consumer data to personalize product recommendations, predict trends, and streamline supply chain operations. Virtual try-on solutions, powered by augmented reality (AR) and computer vision, enable customers to visualize garments on digital avatars or through real-time mobile interfaces, reducing uncertainty related to size, fit, and style.
The Role of Good Governance in Enhancing the Quality of Political Decision-Making: An Analytical Study in Light of Contemporary Governance Theories
This article examines the interactive relationship between good governance frameworks and the quality of political decision-making, a central issue in contemporary political science. Adopting a comparative analytical approach and drawing on principal–agent theory, public choice theory, and neo-institutional complexity theory, the study argues that governance quality constitutes a key independent variable shaping the efficiency, rationality, and sustainability of political decisions. The findings suggest that core governance mechanisms—namely transparency, accountability, the rule of law, and participatory pluralism—significantly enhance the quality of informational inputs, reduce corruption within decision-making processes, and reinforce the legitimacy of public policies. The study further identifies structural tensions among the pillars of good governance in contexts of democratic transition, thereby challenging linear models prevalent in the comparative literature. The article concludes by proposing an analytical framework that reconceptualizes the governance–decision quality nexus through the integration of institutional and cultural contextual variables.
Cryptocurrency Volatility and Its Implications for Financial Stability
The rapid rise of cryptocurrencies has introduced a new dimension to global financial markets, characterized by high price volatility and decentralized structures. This study examines the implications of cryptocurrency volatility for financial stability, with particular focus on assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Unlike traditional financial instruments, cryptocurrencies operate without central authority, making their valuation highly sensitive to market sentiment, speculation, regulatory developments, and technological changes. an analytical approach, utilizing secondary data and existing literature to explore the causes and patterns of cryptocurrency price fluctuations. Findings indicate that extreme volatility is driven by factors such as limited intrinsic value, speculative trading, market manipulation, liquidity constraints, and evolving regulatory frameworks. Additionally, the absence of standardized valuation models and the influence of social media further amplify price swings. the broader implications of such volatility on financial stability. While the relatively limited integration of cryptocurrencies into traditional financial systems has contained systemic risk so far, increasing institutional adoption and market interconnectedness raise concerns about potential spillover effects. Sudden price crashes could impact investor confidence, disrupt financial markets, and pose risks to payment systems and financial intermediaries.
Impact of Exercise Therapy on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Comparative Study of Methods
Chronic low back pain, also known as CLBP, is a disorder that affects a considerable number of people and has a significant impact on physical function, quality of life, and the expenses of healthcare. Although it is generally acknowledged that exercise therapy is a beneficial intervention for the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP), the comparative effectiveness of various approaches continues to be a topic of ongoing investigation. The purpose of this research is to assess and contrast the effects of different exercise therapy modalities, such as stretching, strengthening, and aerobic activities, on the decrease of pain, improvement of functional abilities, and overall treatment satisfaction among patients. The participants were divided into separate exercise treatment groups and evaluated over the course of a period of twelve weeks. The research was conducted using a randomised controlled trial methodology. According to the findings, the exercises that resulted in the most significant gains in terms of pain alleviation and functionality were those that involved strengthening. On the other hand, stretching exercises produced increases in flexibility and reduced stiffness. A moderate amount of advantages were exhibited by aerobic exercises in terms of reducing pain and improving cardiovascular health. the importance of individualised workout plans that are adapted to the specific demands of the patient in order to achieve the best possible results. These findings contribute to a more nuanced knowledge of exercise therapy in the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP) and provide assistance for physicians and patients in selecting therapeutic modalities that successfully treat the condition.
From Human Resources Auditing to Governance Excellence: Case Study of Agricultural Equipment Manufacturing Company –Sidi Bel Abbès-Algeria
This research paper explores the level at which Human Resources Auditing (HRA) can be used as a means of governance excellence in an Algerian manufacturing company. A case study design was used to collect data using a structured HR audit checklist conducted on a sample of 50 employees working in managerial, supervisory and operational roles. The descriptive statistics and one-sample t-tests were used to evaluate the level of HRA practise implementation in five HR functions including recruitment, training and development, performance evaluation, health and safety, and compensation and benefits. The findings suggest that HRA practises are applied at statistically significant and moderate levels in all functions and that they are more applied to recruitment and performance evaluation and less effective in training evaluation, preventive health and safety actions, and compensation transparency. Comprehensively, the results indicate that the functioning of Human Resources Auditing is rather compliance-based control mechanism that partially aligns with the principles of governance excellence, which needs to be more strategically integrated to increase its influence on governance.
The Future of Electric Vehicles: A Comparative Analysis of Market Adoption in Developed vs. Developing Economies
Electric cars (EVs) have recently come to the forefront due to the worldwide movement towards more environmentally friendly modes of transportation; nevertheless, the rate of EV market acceptance differs greatly across developed and developing nations. examines the factors impacting consumer choices, government regulations, infrastructure development, and the role of technology breakthroughs in determining the future of electric vehicles, as well as the trends, difficulties, and possibilities associated with their adoption in these two separate economic contexts. The research analyses the impact of socioeconomic, cultural, and political aspects on EV uptake by analysing data from a range of countries, including both high-income and low-to-middle-income nations. The article also assesses how EV adoption may affect sustainability, urban planning, and energy usage. This study presents targeted solutions to promote the expansion of the electric vehicle market worldwide by identifying important obstacles such infrastructural gaps, high initial costs, and low consumer awareness in developing economies. In the end, it's important for governments, industry players, and consumers to work together to speed up the shift to electric mobility. This will show how EVs can help achieve sustainability targets on a local and global scale.
The Organization of Gender Relations within the Algerian Family : A Socio-Anthropological Study in al-Darawish Village, Algeria
This paper seeks to examine the features of socialization and to explore how gender difference is expressed within the family. These processes serve the social order, beginning with the group’s representations of males and females. Such expressions appear through the persistence of certain rituals that regulate gender relations, such as rituals associated with the birth of a male child and the ritual of circumcision. The patriarchal family uses these rituals to construct masculinity. In this sense, the ritual becomes one of the mechanisms through which distinction between the sexes is produced. It can therefore be concluded that birth rituals constitute basic rules for organizing relations between the sexes. They draw boundaries and establish hierarchies that will later appear through functions, roles, and spaces. Through our socio-anthropological study in al-Darawish Village, in the city of Mascara, Algeria, we seek to interpret women’s representations in order to understand gender relations.
Impact of Aquatic Therapy on Balance and Gait in Elderly Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological ailment that worsens over time and causes severe impairments in gait and balance. As a result, older patients who have PD have a higher risk of falling and a lower quality of life. Aquatic therapy, which makes use of the physical qualities of water to both promote and oppose movement, has emerged as a potentially useful strategy for addressing these issues. what effect does aquatic therapy have on the gait and balance of older people who have Parkinson's disease? A randomised controlled study was conducted in which participants participated in a structured aquatic therapy program for a period of twelve weeks. The program included pre- and post-assessments of the participants' functional mobility, gait speed, and balance. According to the findings, swimming treatment is able to dramatically improve balance and reduce gait asymmetry, in addition to enhancing general mobility and confidence in day-to-day activities. While resistance training helps to improve muscle strength and coordination, the buoyancy of water helps to reduce the chance of falling through it. The use of water therapy as a complementary treatment to conventional rehabilitation for the purpose of enhancing balance and gait in senior people suffering from Parkinson's disease is both safe and effective.
Transformations of Narrative Language in the Digital Novel the Novel "Chat" by Muhammad Sanajlah as a Model
The last two decades have witnessed radical transformations in the structure of narrative fiction, resulting from rapid technological development and the influence of digital media on literature. The digital novel has emerged as a new literary genre that utilises techniques of interactivity, hypertextuality, and multimedia to create a distinct narrative experience. The novel "Chat" by the novelist Muhammad Sanajlah is considered one of the most prominent Arab models that invested in these possibilities, representing a landmark in the history of contemporary Arab narrative. This study aims to analyse the transformations that have affected narrative language in this novel, focusing on linguistic deviations, hypertextual structure, and interactivity, based on theoretical references from digital narratology and reception theory.
The Efficacy of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Muscle Strength Recovery Post ACL Surgery
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) surgery is a popular intervention that is used to restore knee stability. However, post-surgical muscular weakness, particularly in the quadriceps, continues to be a substantial difficulty during the healing process. The use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as an additional therapy has become increasingly popular as a means of addressing this condition. NMES helps to promote muscle strength and functional recovery. The effectiveness of non-mechanical exercise therapy (NMES) in restoring muscular strength after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is investigated in this study. The results of normal rehabilitation procedures with and without NMES were compared in a randomised controlled experiment that was carried out over a period of twelve weeks. When compared to the control group, the patients who received NMES showed significantly better improvements in quadriceps strength, knee stability, and functional performance. The results showed that these changes were significantly greater. When it came to resolving activation deficits and preventing muscle atrophy, NMES proved to be particularly beneficial in the early stages of rehabilitation. The use of non-muscular elements (NMES) into post-acromial ligament surgery (ACL) rehabilitation regimens as a means of enhancing healing outcomes and accelerating the return to functional activities is supported by these findings.
Arab Pioneering in Applied Linguistics and Arabic Language Teaching an Expanded Reading of Its Heritage Foundations and Modern Extensions
This article explores the heritage foundations of applied linguistics in classical Arabic linguistic thought and examines their relationship to modern linguistic theories. Adopting an inductive-analytical approach, the study investigates the contributions of Arab scholars to language teaching, language acquisition, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, and lexicography. It argues that Arabic linguistic scholarship emerged from a fundamentally practical concern: the preservation, regulation, and effective transmission of language. At the same time, the article advocates a balanced perspective that acknowledges the richness of the Arabic linguistic heritage without collapsing historical differences or claiming that premodern scholars formulated modern theories in identical terms. Such a perspective opens the way for a rigorous scholarly dialogue between heritage and modernity.
Freedom and Responsibility: Rethinking Moral Accountability in the Modern World
The relationship between freedom and responsibility remains central to moral philosophy, yet its meaning has shifted significantly in the modern world. Rapid technological change, global interdependence, algorithmic decision-making, and evolving social norms have complicated traditional notions of individual moral accountability. reexamines the conceptual link between freedom and responsibility by engaging classical theories of free will, contemporary debates on determinism and compatibilism, and emerging ethical challenges posed by digital systems and collective action problems. The study argues that moral accountability cannot be understood solely as an individual matter grounded in autonomous choice. Instead, it must be reconceptualized within layered contexts that include structural constraints, social conditioning, technological mediation, and institutional power. While classical liberal frameworks emphasize personal autonomy as the basis of responsibility, contemporary realities demonstrate that choices are often shaped, nudged, or limited by invisible systems. This does not eliminate responsibility, but it demands a more nuanced model that balances individual agency with shared and systemic accountability. By analyzing issues such as social media behavior, artificial intelligence decision-making, environmental responsibility, and corporate ethics, the paper proposes a relational model of moral responsibility. In this model, freedom is understood not as absolute independence but as situated agency operating within networks of influence. Moral accountability therefore becomes distributed, layered, and context-sensitive.
The Relationship between School Bullying and Self-Esteem among Middle School Students
The present study examined the relationship between school bullying and self-esteem among middle school students. It aimed to investigate the association between the level of peer bullying experienced by students and their self-esteem, as well as to identify the effects of gender, age, and school year on both bullying and self-esteem. The study sample consisted of 165 students selected from several middle schools in the Wilaya of Djelfa, Algeria, including 75 males and 90 females. The study employed the Githaus Peer Bullying Scale and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, both of which demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability. The findings revealed a negative correlation between bullying and self-esteem. No significant differences were found between males and females in either bullying or self-esteem. However, significant differences in bullying were associated with age and school year, whereas self-esteem differed according to school year but not age.
Consumer Perceptions and Behavioral Intentions Towards Electric Vehicles: A Study on Influencing Factors
A number of factors, such as people's views, the economy, and environmental concerns, impact the rate of electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Promoting the widespread adoption of electric vehicles requires an understanding of customer perceptions and behavioural intentions. the most important aspects that impact how consumers view EVs and whether they intend to buy or use one. Key drivers identified by the research include environmental consciousness, cost savings, performance expectations, and government incentives; key barriers include high initial purchase costs, limited driving range, and a lack of charging infrastructure. The research's empirical analysis is based on surveys and interviews. how customer views towards electric vehicles are shaped by social influence and trust in technology. The results show that although saving money in the long run and caring about the environment are major drivers, worries about having enough power and a reliable charging infrastructure are major roadblocks. Furthermore, consumer perceptions and inclinations are significantly influenced by government policies and incentives. In order to help create a more sustainable transportation future, the paper finishes with some suggestions for how manufacturers, lawmakers, and other interested parties may deal with these obstacles that are affecting the adoption of electric vehicles.
Problems Faced by Ground-Floor Residents in Vertical Housing: A Field Study in the 1500-Unit Social Housing Complex in Bouzaaroura
This study is meant to diagnose the nature of the problems faced by ground-floor residents in the vertical housing complex in the 1500-unit social housing complex in Bouzaaroura. It examined the social, environmental, health, and physical dimensions of these problems to underline their impact on the residents' quality of urban life. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on a field questionnaire intended to observe the manifestations of daily suffering and identify the contributing factors. The results revealed that ground-floor residents suffer from a range of consistent problems, primarily limited privacy and frequent social interaction due to closeness to entrances and shared spaces. Environmental problems included waste accumulation, foul odors, and high humidity levels resulting from inadequate ventilation and sanitation. Physical difficulties were also noticed, related to the lower floor level compared to street level, leading to water leaks, cold winters, and excessive summer heat. The study concluded by stressing the need to improve the design and ground-floors arrangement and to enhance periodic maintenance programs to improve the quality of residential life.
The Problem of Evil and the Limits of Theistic Explanation
The problem of evil remains one of the most enduring and challenging objections to classical theism. It questions how belief in an omnipotent, omniscient, and morally perfect God can be reconciled with the pervasive reality of moral and natural evil. This paper critically examines the logical and evidential formulations of the problem of evil, engaging with key philosophical arguments developed by thinkers such as J. L. Mackie and William L. Rowe. It explores traditional theistic responses, including the free will defense articulated by Alvin Plantinga and soul-making theodicies inspired by John Hick, assessing their explanatory scope and limitations. The study argues that while these responses may mitigate certain versions of the logical problem, they struggle to provide a fully satisfactory account of apparently gratuitous suffering and large-scale natural disasters. Furthermore, the paper highlights the epistemic limits of human reasoning when attempting to justify divine purposes, raising concerns about whether appeals to mystery undermine meaningful theological explanation. Rather than offering a definitive resolution, the analysis suggests that the problem of evil exposes structural tensions within theistic frameworks and calls for a more modest understanding of what religious explanation can achieve. The paper concludes that the debate ultimately reflects deeper questions about moral intuition, epistemic humility, and the boundaries of rational theology.
The City as a Machine: A Sociological Study of Le Corbusier’s Thought and Its Relationship to Social Interaction in the City of Ali Mendjeli
The idea of the city as a machine is among the most prominent concepts through which modernist urban thought was applied during the twentieth century, and it is fundamentally associated with the Swiss–French architect and planner Le Corbusier. This conception was not merely a technical approach to organizing society; rather, it constituted a comprehensive vision of the city as a rational and functional system, presumed to guarantee efficiency, health, order, and spatial justice. Despite its progressive character, however, this vision has generated profound debate regarding its relationship to human beings, particularly in terms of social interaction, human relationships, and the production of an interactive character within the society. This article seeks to offer a sociological reading of Le Corbusier’s thought on the concept of the city as a machine by analyzing its intellectual foundations and planning vision, and by examining how his functionalist approach contributed to the reconfiguration of urban spaces and social relations. It also aims to discuss the extent to which this conception is suited to the needs of contemporary societies, and to highlight the challenges it poses in achieving a balance between urban efficiency and the preservation of the human aspect of the city. The analysis is applied to the case of the city of Ali Mendjeli, considered as a contemporary model of rational–functionalist planning within the Algerian context. The study shows that the city-as-a-machine model contributed to establishing the foundations of modernist planning based on efficiency and function; however, it also led, conversely, to: - the dominance of the functional aspect in the planning of societies - weak social interaction within residential spaces; - a decline in the sense of belonging within the neighborhoods of the “mechanical” city; - the emergence of a contradiction between urban design and social practices.
Sustainable Finance and ESG Investing: Trends and Challenges
Sustainable finance and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing have emerged as transformative approaches in modern financial systems, reflecting a shift from profit-centric models to responsible and long-term value creation. Sustainable finance integrates environmental, social, and governance considerations into financial decision-making, aiming to align investment practices with broader societal and environmental objectives ESG investing, as a core component of this paradigm, evaluates companies not only on financial performance but also on their sustainability practices and ethical impact. the evolving trends in sustainable finance, including the rapid growth of ESG funds, the increasing adoption of green bonds, and the integration of climate-related financial disclosures. The research highlights how global concerns such as climate change, social inequality, and corporate accountability have driven investors and policymakers to prioritize sustainable investment strategies. Additionally, advancements in data analytics and regulatory frameworks have further accelerated the adoption of ESG principles across developed and emerging markets. However, the study also identifies several challenges that hinder the effectiveness of sustainable finance. Key issues include the lack of standardized ESG metrics, inconsistent reporting practices, and the risk of “greenwashing,” where firms misrepresent their sustainability performance. Furthermore, debates persist regarding the financial performance of ESG investments and their ability to deliver competitive returns. Regulatory fragmentation and data reliability concern also pose significant barriers to the widespread implementation of ESG frameworks.
The Reality of Women's Financial and Economic Empowerment and Its Role in Enhancing Financial Inclusion in Algeria – An Analytical Study
This study aims to analyze the reality of women's financial and economic empowerment in Algeria and demonstrate its role as a fundamental pillar for enhancing the financial inclusion strategy. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology to frame theoretical concepts, while reviewing and analyzing statistical data issued by official and international bodies to track the development of indicators related to women's access to financial services and the labor market in Algeria. The study reached a fundamental conclusion indicating the existence of a clear structural gap. Despite the breakthrough achieved in female education levels and supportive legislative frameworks, women's contribution to financial inclusion remains below desired levels compared to men. This gap is primarily attributed to low rates of labor force participation and difficulty accessing financing, in addition to socio-cultural barriers that limit women's engagement in independent entrepreneurial activities, making their financial inclusion largely tied to traditional salaried employment.
Attitude Formation and Change in Contemporary Society
Attitudes are central to understanding human behavior, as they influence how individuals perceive, evaluate, and respond to various social situations. In contemporary society, rapid technological advancements, globalization, and increased social interactions have significantly shaped the formation and transformation of attitudes. This paper examines the processes of attitude formation and change, focusing on the role of social, cultural, and psychological factors. It explores how attitudes are developed through learning, experience, and socialization, and how they are influenced by family, media, education, and peer groups. The study also highlights mechanisms of attitude change, including persuasion, cognitive dissonance, and social influence. In the modern context, digital media and online communication have become powerful tools in shaping public opinion and individual beliefs. The findings suggest that attitudes are dynamic and continuously influenced by environmental changes and social interactions. Understanding attitude formation and change is essential for promoting positive behavior, reducing prejudice, and fostering social harmony in contemporary society.
The Poetics of Interactive Digital Novel: Between Presence and Reception
There is no doubt that technology has imposed its logic, expanded its influence, and tightened its grip on our lives. It is no longer separate from our possessions, and literature is one of the fields that the digital world has invaded, leaving clear marks that have prompted critics and researchers to reconsider many concepts and terms related to literary theory as a whole. This trend has become an undeniable reality. Electronic media has replaced print media, and these media possess advanced technologies that creative writers have employed in many of their works. Cyberspace has facilitated the reception and documentation of a wide range of creative works, as well as attracting a vast audience that has flocked to it, captivated and enthusiastic about this new world. This space has opened up vast horizons for them, not only to receive these literary texts, but also to actively participate in them—that is, to become creators themselves.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Portfolio Management
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into financial services has significantly transformed portfolio management by enhancing data analysis, decision-making, and risk assessment processes. This study examines the role of AI in modern portfolio management, focusing on how machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and automated systems improve investment strategies and optimize asset allocation. a conceptual and analytical approach, drawing on existing literature and industry practices to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-driven portfolio management. Findings indicate that AI enables the processing of vast and complex datasets in real time, allowing investors to identify patterns, forecast market trends, and make informed decisions with greater accuracy. Techniques such as algorithmic trading and robo-advisory services have further democratized access to sophisticated investment tools, making portfolio management more efficient and accessible. AI also plays a crucial role in risk management by detecting anomalies, assessing market volatility, and optimizing diversification strategies. By reducing human bias and emotional decision-making, AI contributes to more rational and disciplined investment approaches. However, the study also highlights challenges, including data quality issues, model transparency, ethical concerns, and the risk of over-reliance on automated systems.
Roofing in the Oasis Desert: Causes and Factors of Disappearance, “The Tidikelt Region as a Model”
Roofing in desert architecture is considered one of the most important stages in the adobe construction process, as it relied on raw materials provided by the natural environment. This study aims to highlight the importance of the roofing process and to shed light on the buildings located in the Tidikelt region. The problem of this research revolves around the roofing technique in various buildings, and the reasons and factors behind its disappearance in this region. The answer to this problem lies in the field examination of some surviving building models, through their description and analysis in order to determine the strength and fragility of roofing materials, while identifying the factors affecting the construction materials used for roofing these buildings. This research paper concludes by highlighting the importance of roofing in preserving the safety of building coverings in the Tidikelt region, and how to preserve the roofing technique and ensure the continuity of this urban pattern in the oasis desert.
Immune Response Modulation in Respiratory Tract Infections: A Life Science Perspective
Respiratory tract infections represent a major global health challenge, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality across all age groups. The outcome and severity of these infections are largely determined by the host immune response, which plays a critical role in recognizing pathogens, limiting their spread, and facilitating recovery. Effective immune response modulation is therefore central to both protection against infection and prevention of excessive inflammation that can lead to tissue damage. the mechanisms of immune response modulation in respiratory tract infections from a life science perspective, focusing on the coordinated roles of innate and adaptive immunity. Key components such as epithelial barriers, macrophages, dendritic cells, cytokine signaling, and lymphocyte activation are discussed in relation to pathogen clearance and immune regulation. The balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is highlighted as a crucial factor influencing disease progression and resolution. Understanding immune modulation provides insights into why individuals exhibit varying susceptibility and clinical outcomes following similar infections. The abstract also emphasizes the relevance of immune-based preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing host defense while minimizing immune-mediated damage. Advances in immunology and life sciences offer opportunities for developing targeted interventions to improve management and prevention of respiratory tract infections.
The role of socialization institutions in environmental education involves a balance between theoretical concepts and practical applications
Environmental crimes are among the crimes committed by humans on Earth that have extended to include all aspects of life, and they have varied in degree of severity and cruelty. It has been shown that environmental crimes have serious harms to humans, the environment, health, and the economy. When we interpret the relationship between humans and the environment, human ecology, as a branch of sociology, deals with the study of people in their physical condition, as it is concerned with interpreting certain phenomena such as humans polluting their environment and the effect of these actions on the environment’s performance of its role for humans in the present and the future. Through this scientific article, we seek to analyze and diagnose the role of socialization institutions in addressing and confronting this problem, which is fundamentally a matter of public concern, as it affects the natural environment in which humans live with all its components. An individual's behavior within society is subject to an educational process through which he acquires values and culture that allow him to adapt to the environment in which he lives. Here, we pose the following fundamental question: How do socialization institutions contribute as a preventive factor to the occurrence of environmental problems through environmental education? Industrial wealth and technological progress were among the most important factors that led to the destruction of the ecological balance and the emergence of environmental problems. Even humans began to experience new phenomena that were previously unknown and widespread. Some diseases affecting the respiratory systems of humans have emerged due to air pollution, deforestation, and related issues such as soil desertification, erosion, drought, acid rain, global warming, and snow melting.
Group Behavior and Peer Pressure in Adolescents
Adolescence is a critical developmental stage characterized by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. During this period, group behavior and peer pressure play a crucial role in shaping attitudes, values, and behavior. This paper examines the influence of group behavior and peer pressure on adolescents, focusing on how peer interactions affect decision-making, identity formation, and social development. The study explores the dynamics of peer groups, including conformity, group norms, and social influence. It highlights both positive and negative aspects of peer pressure. Positive peer influence can encourage healthy behaviors, academic achievement, and social skills, while negative peer pressure may lead to risky behaviors such as substance use, academic neglect, and delinquency. The paper also discusses the psychological factors that make adolescents more susceptible to peer influence, including the need for acceptance and identity exploration. The findings suggest that peer groups significantly impact adolescent behavior, but the effects vary depending on the nature of the group and individual coping abilities. Understanding these influences is essential for promoting healthy development and guiding adolescents toward positive social behavior.
The Algerian Novelistic Discourse from the Perspective of Reception Theory: The Novel "The Fish Does Not Care" as a Model
The Algerian novelistic discourse represents a fertile field for the manifestation of transformations in identity and reality. Approaching it from the perspective of Reception Theory reveals dimensions related to the dynamics of meaning production through the interaction between text and reader. This theory places the recipient at the center of the interpretive process, through their horizon of expectations and their ability to fill textual gaps and reconstruct meaning. Based on this premise, the present study adopts the novel "The Fish Does Not Care" by Inam Bayoud as an applied model, aiming to uncover the narrative strategies that provoke the reader and encourage their participation in constructing meaning. It thus raises the following questions: How does the perspective of Reception Theory contribute to reading Algerian novelistic discourse? And to what extent does the novel succeed in reshaping the reader’s horizon of expectations?
Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: Evidence from Developing Economies
Corporate governance has become a critical determinant of firm performance, particularly in developing economies where institutional frameworks and regulatory systems are still evolving. This study examines the relationship between corporate governance practices and firm performance, focusing on key mechanisms such as board structure, ownership concentration, transparency, and accountability. Drawing on insights from Corporate Governance, the research analyzes how governance quality influences financial outcomes and organizational efficiency. a quantitative and comparative approach, utilizing secondary data from firms operating in developing markets to evaluate the impact of governance variables on performance indicators such as return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and market valuation. Findings suggest that strong corporate governance frameworks are positively associated with improved firm performance, enhanced investor confidence, and reduced agency conflicts between management and shareholders. However, challenges specific to developing economies, including weak regulatory enforcement, concentrated ownership structures, and limited disclosure practices. These factors often constrain the effectiveness of governance mechanisms and create opportunities for managerial opportunism and corruption. Additionally, socio-political influences and institutional voids further complicate the implementation of effective governance practices. while robust corporate governance can significantly enhance firm performance, its effectiveness in developing economies depends on the strength of legal institutions, regulatory oversight, and corporate culture. Strengthening governance frameworks and promoting transparency are essential for improving financial performance and fostering sustainable economic growth in these regions.
Reading comprehension among students with reading difficulties: A comparative study between regular students and students with reading difficulties
This study aims to determine the reading comprehension level of fourth-grade students in the state of [State Name] during the period 2021-2022. The study utilized Raven's Progressive Matrices, a reading comprehension test, and a reading test. These tests were administered over 96 hours of operation. The mean score is calculated as follows: - Reading comprehension level among students with reading difficulties is low. - There are no statistically significant differences between males and females in reading comprehension. - There are statistically significant differences between students with reading difficulties and those with reading difficulties.
Host–Pathogen Interactions in Respiratory Infections: Molecular and Cellular Insights
Respiratory infections arise from complex interactions between invading pathogens and the host’s defense mechanisms at molecular and cellular levels. The outcome of infection depends not only on the virulence of the pathogen but also on the efficiency of host immune responses and regulatory pathways. Understanding host–pathogen interactions is therefore essential for explaining disease susceptibility, severity, and progression in respiratory illnesses. the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in host–pathogen interactions during respiratory infections. Key processes such as pathogen recognition by host receptors, activation of innate immune signaling pathways, cytokine and chemokine production, and the initiation of adaptive immune responses are discussed. The strategies employed by respiratory pathogens to evade or modulate host immunity, including immune suppression and antigenic variation, are also highlighted. Insights into these interactions provide a foundation for developing targeted therapeutic and preventive strategies. By elucidating the dynamic interplay between host defenses and pathogenic mechanisms, this study emphasizes the importance of molecular and cellular research in improving the prevention, diagnosis, and management of respiratory infections.
The Importance of School and Career Guidance in the Educational Process
This research aims to elucidate the importance of school and career guidance, which constitutes one of the indispensable pillars of the educational process and a key actor in achieving its quality. This is accomplished by providing an appropriate environment for pupils and assisting them in their growth and development through continuous monitoring, which is based on precise scientific planning and objective implementation, with the ultimate goal of building responsible, well-integrated citizens.
Effects of Smartphone Addiction on Attention, Memory, and Cognitive Functioning
The rapid proliferation of smartphones has significantly transformed communication, information access, and daily functioning. While smartphones offer numerous benefits, excessive and uncontrolled use has raised concerns about smartphone addiction and its potential impact on cognitive processes. the effects of smartphone addiction on attention, memory, and overall cognitive functioning. how frequent smartphone use, constant notifications, and multitasking behaviors influence attentional control and working memory. Smartphone addiction is associated with reduced sustained attention, increased distractibility, and difficulty concentrating on cognitively demanding tasks. The impact of excessive smartphone engagement on memory processes, particularly short-term and working memory, as constant digital stimulation may interfere with information encoding and retention. Using a psychological framework and existing empirical evidence, the study analyzes the relationship between smartphone addiction and cognitive performance among adolescents and young adults. Findings suggest that high levels of smartphone dependence are linked to cognitive overload, impaired executive functioning, and reduced academic and occupational efficiency. However, the study also acknowledges that moderated and purposeful smartphone use may not have the same negative effects. smartphone addiction poses significant risks to cognitive health by negatively affecting attention and memory. It emphasizes the importance of digital self-regulation, awareness, and healthy usage patterns to preserve cognitive functioning in an increasingly technology-dependent society.
The stance on the orientalist studies: An approach of the epistemological backgrounds of disagreement
This research paper addresses one of the most important issues raised in Arab scientific studies. This problem is mainly represented by the position on Orientalist studies. The conflicting position on the phenomenon of Orientalism has caused and continues to cause mixed reactions between those who support and those who oppose the importance and status of the Orientalist lesson. This approach aims to investigate the philosophical and intellectual context of this divergent position on linguistic studies and the point of view of the value of the Arabic language. While this paper presents impact a set of methodological problems in the Orientalist approach, viewed according to the foundations of objective scientific research, it has adopted the comparative approach as a basis for approaching the viewpoints between two prominent trends in Arabic studies in general, represented in a field of great importance, which is the field of linguistic studies.
Adaptive Strategies of Amphibians in Response to Climate Change: A Comparative Study
The complicated life cycles of amphibians include both aquatic and terrestrial stages, their skin being transparent, and their dependence on moisture making them one of the most susceptible taxa to the effects of climate change. Different amphibian species in temperate, tropical, and dry environments have different adaption techniques to deal with the changing weather. The research delves into behavioral changes like changes in breeding phenology, microhabitat selection, and nocturnal activity patterns, as well as physiological changes like changes in water retention, metabolic flexibility, and thermal tolerance limits. It does this by combining field observations with ecological modeling and recent experimental evidence. We also look at amphibians' genetic and epigenetic plasticity to see how fast they can adapt from one generation to the next. While some populations show resilience through phenotypic flexibility and range shifts, other populations suffer rapid reductions due to habitat loss, disease prevalence, and restricted dispersal ability, as shown in case studies of species with various degrees of adaptation. There is a need for conservation measures that incorporate protected habitats, climate refugia, and assisted migration programs due to the unequal distribution of adaptive capability within amphibian clades.
Literary Tawqīʿāt and Their Artistic Features in Classical Maghrebi Prose
This study seeks to examine tawqīʿāt (official marginal endorsements or concise written decrees) in classical Maghrebi prose, a genre that has not received an independent study highlighting its aesthetic dimensions. The research traces their development across different historical phases of Maghrebi states, while identifying their principal motivations, general themes, and artistic features, particularly in terms of language, imagery, conciseness, citation, and intertextual incorporation. It also investigates their historical significance in depicting aspects of social and political life, clarifying matters of governance, and documenting major events experienced by Maghrebi states in times of both peace and war. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the modes of thought adopted by rulers, as well as the opinions and independent judgments they advanced in pursuit of justice and the safeguarding of rights. The study also explores the sources of Maghrebi tawqīʿāt and their interaction with their Eastern counterparts. The paper considers selected excerpts from the tawqi'a literature of the Maghrebi leaders. Special attention will be paid to the role of the rhetoric function, which will be enhanced with the help of different stylistic devices and techniques.
Pathological Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Tissue Injury and Disease
Oxidative stress is a key pathological mechanism involved in tissue injury and the development of a wide range of diseases. It arises from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the capacity of cellular antioxidant defense systems to neutralize them. While reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in cell signaling and host defense, their excessive accumulation leads to damage of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, resulting in cellular dysfunction and death. From a pathological perspective, oxidative stress contributes to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of cell death pathways, thereby driving the progression of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. the mechanisms through which oxidative stress induces tissue injury and emphasizes its significance in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting.
A Thematic scrutiny of Hegemony in Postcolonial Alternative Narratives: A Stylistic Analysis of Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies (2008)
Amidst the twentieth century, as many formerly colonised nations gained independence, a wave of literary euphoria swept through what are often referred to as "third world countries." The process of liberation did not solely rest on the mere depart of the coloniser, but rather it has shaped a protest against the hegemonic perspective of the coloniser which has primarily dominated the narrative discourse. Hence, this paper attempts to cast light on the importance of the postcolonial discursive struggle to debunk the Eurocentric hegemonic discourse of the former coloniser. By adopting a stylistic approach, this research seeks to expose the fallacies inherent in colonial rhetoric in order to reveal an alternative reality. Amitav Ghosh’s novel Sea of Poppies (2008), set in colonial India, serves as a critical site of resistance against the linguistic and cultural consequences of colonisation. It acts as both a linguistic challenge and a historical reflection on the injustices of the British Raj and the opium trade's devastating effects on the Indian populace. The paper concludes that a central task of postcolonial Endeavour is to challenge and disrupt the dominant narratives produced by colonial rule. It proves that the construction of alternative voices is effectively capable of exposing the limits and biases of colonial discourse. By developing a more credible and grounded counter-narrative, postcolonial thinkers seek to reclaim historical agency for colonized peoples. Ultimately, such efforts aim to reshape collective memory and open space for more just and plural understandings of the past.
Mindfulness Practices and Their Impact on Stress Reduction
Mindfulness practices have gained increasing recognition as effective strategies for reducing stress and enhancing psychological well-being. Rooted in contemplative traditions and adapted into contemporary therapeutic frameworks, mindfulness involves maintaining present-moment awareness with openness and non-judgment. Programs such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn, have integrated meditation, breathing exercises, and body awareness techniques into structured clinical interventions. Research indicates that regular mindfulness practice can lower perceived stress, reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improve emotional regulation. Physiologically, mindfulness is associated with reduced cortisol levels, improved autonomic balance, and enhanced neural connectivity in regions linked to attention and emotional processing. By cultivating awareness of thoughts and sensations without reactive judgment, individuals may develop healthier coping mechanisms in response to daily stressors. the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence supporting mindfulness as a stress reduction tool. It explores psychological, neurobiological, and behavioral outcomes across diverse populations, including students, healthcare professionals, and corporate employees. While findings generally demonstrate positive effects, the study also considers limitations related to methodological variability and individual differences in response to practice.
Legal Protection of Vulnerable Groups: Examining the Role of Association in Accordance with Law 12-06 relating to Associations
The protection of vulnerable groups is one of the most important issues addressed contemporary legal systems, including contemporary legal systems, and this study aims to shed light on the various groups that suffer from legal Vulnerability which exposes their rights to violation. Since protection is no longer the exclusive domain of the state, this study highlights associations as one of the most important civil society organizations, on the one hand, and as a complement to the state's efforts, on the other. The study relied on the descriptive-analytical approach by Examining the legal framework, regulating associations, protecting vulnerable groups, analyzing relevant constitutional and legislative texts while comparing them with some international standards. Among the most important recommendations is the need to strengthen the legal framework regulating cooperation between national and international associations and bodies.
Deep Learning Architectures for Image and Speech Recognition: A Comprehensive Review
Machines can now learn hierarchical feature representations from raw data thanks to deep learning, which has transformed picture and speech recognition. Recognition systems have been much better and more reliable over the last decade, thanks to sophisticated neural network topologies that outperform the old-school machine learning methods. Due to its superior performance in picture categorization, object detection, and feature extraction, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have emerged as the backbone of image recognition tasks. Similarly, designs based on Transformers, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have all done an excellent job at modeling sequential data for voice recognition. thorough examination of deep learning architectures employed in voice and picture recognition, showcasing their development, essential traits, and comparative efficacy. For picture processing, it looks at ResNet, VGG, and EfficientNet; for voice processing, it looks at DeepSpeech, WaveNet, and Transformer-based models. combine convolutional and sequential layers into a hybrid model to improve performance in multimodal applications.
Digital Psychological Counseling at the University: Theoretical Foundations and Professional Challenges
This study explores digital psychological counseling in the university context, with a focus on its theoretical foundations and professional challenges. It examines the conceptual basis of digital counseling, its relevance to the university environment, and the main justifications for its use in supporting students’ mental health. The study also highlights key professional and ethical challenges, including digital competence, confidentiality, informed consent, and crisis management. It concludes that digital psychological counseling can enrich university counseling services when it is institutionally organized, professionally supervised, and adapted to the cultural and educational context of Arab universities.
Cultural Diversity and Social Harmony: Challenges and Opportunities
Cultural diversity is a defining feature of contemporary societies, shaped by globalization, migration, and social transformation. It refers to the coexistence of diverse cultural groups with distinct beliefs, values, traditions, and identities. While cultural diversity enriches societies by promoting creativity, innovation, and mutual understanding, it also presents challenges related to social cohesion, identity conflicts, and inequality. This paper examines the relationship between cultural diversity and social harmony, focusing on both the opportunities it creates and the challenges it poses. It explores the role of social institutions, policies, and intercultural dialogue in fostering inclusive and peaceful societies. The study argues that social harmony can be achieved not by eliminating differences but by embracing diversity through tolerance, respect, and effective governance.
The Effect of a Training Program Based on Working Memory Strategies (Verbal and Symbolic) on Developing Reading Ability among a Sample of Fifth Grade Students with Dyslexia: A Quasi-Experimental Study in El Oued Province
This study aimed to examine the effect of a training program based on working memory strategies (verbal and symbolic) on the development of reading ability among students with dyslexia. It also sought to identify differences between pre-test and post-test measures of reading ability indicators. The research was conducted on a purposive sample of eight (08) fifth-grade students with dyslexia from Kouinine municipality in El Oued province. A quasi-experimental method was adopted, employing a single-group design with both pre-test and post-test measures, in addition to a set of tests assessing reading ability at different levels. These included: the word reading ability test (frequent words, non-frequent words, and pseudo-words) and the rapid word naming ability test. After confirming the normality of distribution, the paired samples t-test was applied, alongside calculations of means and standard deviations. Effect size was also computed to verify the significance of the results. The findings revealed that the training program based on working memory strategies had a positive impact on developing reading ability among students with dyslexia. Statistically significant differences were observed between pre-test and post-test measures in reading ability indicators (frequent words, non-frequent words, pseudo-words), in favor of the post-test. The results also indicated statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores in rapid word naming ability, again in favor of the post-test.
Advancements in Machine Learning Algorithms: From Supervised to Self-Supervised Learning
Over the course of the last ten years, machine learning has seen a substantial revolution, transitioning from the conventional supervised learning paradigms to the more advanced self-supervised learning methodologies. The application of supervised learning, which is primarily dependent on vast amounts of labeled data, has shown amazing success in a variety of fields, including image recognition, natural language processing, and predictive analytics, amongst others. The dependence on annotated datasets, on the other hand, presents challenges in terms of scale, cost, and accessibility. Recent improvements have focused on lowering this need through the use of semi-supervised and self-supervised learning approaches as a response to this dependency. A promising paradigm that makes use of unlabeled data by producing surrogate supervision signals from the data itself is self-supervised learning, which has emerged as a significant advancement in recent years. This method makes it possible for models to acquire meaningful representations without requiring a significant amount of human intervention, which results in an increase in both efficiency and the capacity for generalization. The performance of tasks involving vision, voice, and language processing has been considerably improved by the implementation of techniques such as contrastive learning, masked modeling, and representation learning.
Protecting Childhood from Economic Exploitation: A Sociological Reading
This article sheds light on the economic exploitation of children from a sociological perspective. It highlights the gap between international and national legal texts intended to protect children, and the reality of everyday practices in developing countries. The article analyzes the overlapping factors responsible for this gap. These include socio-economic conditions, cultural factors, weak monitoring mechanisms, and the absence of genuine political will. The article also identifies the sociological characteristics of children who are most vulnerable to exploitation. These include children from poor and marginalized families, children who are not enrolled in school, children from broken families, children with disabilities, and girls engaged in hidden domestic work. The article concludes by proposing a number of mechanisms and measures that may contribute to the effective implementation of child protection procedures against economic exploitation.
Representations of the Other in Contemporary Travel Literature: The Case of Basem Furat
Contemporary travel writing has demonstrated, in line with a conception based on the premise that the current culture of travel writing necessitates an exploration of the familiar and the common ground between the self and the other—moving beyond discourse on the strange and the fantastical—and considering that the critique of the other and its authority lie at the heart of its knowledge and the revelation of its perspectives, as travel writing in this period has sought to re-evaluate the self. This research paper aims to elucidate the transformation of the contemporary travelogue and engagement with it through the journey undertaken by Basem Furat, entitled “Places That Beckon the Stranger” as a powerful image that embodies the essence of many contemporary journeys through active engagement in the pursuit of strategies aimed at liberation from the constraints imposed by underdevelopment. This endeavour involves a critical examination of centralised structures, alongside a deliberate focus on recognising and uplifting marginalised communities, transcending stereotypes, and articulating a discourse that reflects the consciousness of the intellectual engaged with societal issues and their disintegration.
Stylistic Features in the Poetic Structure of Abū Ḥammū Mūsā al-Ziyānī
This article examines the stylistic features of poetic construction in the work of Abū Ḥammū Mūsā al-Ziyānī through the model of his poem “O You Who Answer the Call of the Distressed”, considering it a Sufi discourse founded on an emotional tension between the confession of sin, the plea for mercy, and the supplication for relief and deliverance. The analysis proceeds from the premise that stylistic structure is not an external ornament, but rather a semantic apparatus that actively participates in the production of meaning through interrelated levels: sound and rhythm (both external and internal), syntax, rhetoric, and finally semantics and lexical fields. The prosodic analysis reveals the poet’s reliance on the basīṭ meter, whose expansive, chant-like quality suits the devotional context of supplication, alongside the presence of metrical variations (especially khabn), viewed as a meaningful rhythmic deviation that translates the inner disturbance and fluctuation of the poetic self. The absolute, compounded rhyme and the broken jīm as rhyme letter further establish a sonic closure that reinforces a tone of humility and brokenness. At the level of internal music, phonetic and lexical repetition (distress / unveiling / constriction / relief…) emerges as a mechanism of insistence and fixation of the poem’s central axis, while the opposition between voiced and whispered sounds embodies the dialectic of confession and reverent submission. At the syntactic level, past-tense verbs dominate, shaping a “biography of sin,” whereas imperative forms appear as supplication rather than command. The dense presence of religious proper nouns (prophets and means of salvation) provides a referential framework that legitimizes hope. Rhetorically, implicit metaphor and personification prevail, transforming crisis into an entity that “unfolds” and mercy into a force that “arrives,” thereby enhancing the poem’s suggestive energy. The article concludes that the poem constructs a clear semantic trajectory: the darkness of distress → the light of deliverance, achieved through repentance and intercession.
Sociology of Workplace Bullying (Mobbing): An Analysis of Structures and Relationships within the Work Environment
This study falls within theoretical-analytical research of a critical sociological nature. It aims to deconstruct the phenomenon of workplace bullying (mobbing) within the work environment through a structural symbolic approach that goes beyond individualistic psychological and managerial explanations. The study adopts a critical analytical method, supported by a comparative theoretical approach, to analyze and comment on both classical and contemporary sociological frameworks explaining the phenomenon, with a focus on concepts such as power, symbolic violence, organizational culture, and social control. The study is grounded in a critical sociological perspective, drawing on conflict theory to analyze relations of domination within organizations, as well as Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence and Michel Foucault’s analyses of power and institutional control. The findings highlight that workplace bullying is a product of dysfunctional organizational and cultural structures, and that characteristics of the work environment such as high centralization and role ambiguity contribute to creating a social climate that enables its spread, with mediating factors playing a role in shaping its intensity and direction.
Distance Education as a Supporting Mechanism for University Student Formation
This study aims to analyze the role of distance education as a pedagogical mechanism supporting university student formation by assessing its contribution to the development of cognitive and social skills and determining its impact on enhancing academic training in light of the digital transformations occurring in higher education. The study is based on a central research problem: To what extent does distance education, within the framework of the interaction between structure and agency as proposed by Anthony Giddens, contribute to supporting university student formation? The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach as it is the most appropriate for understanding and analyzing the phenomenon and its dimensions. A questionnaire was used as the main data collection tool and was administered to a sample of 207 students selected through stratified random sampling from a population of 442 students in the Department of Sociology and Demography at Kasdi Merbah University Ouargla. The results revealed that distance education is generally positively perceived by students, particularly regarding its role in enhancing cognitive skills and academic formation by facilitating access to knowledge and promoting self-directed learning. In contrast, its impact on social skills was found to be weaker and relatively neutral, reflecting limited direct social interaction within the digital learning environment. The study also concluded that the effectiveness of distance education in university student formation is not solely dependent on technological infrastructure, but is also shaped by social and pedagogical factors related to students’ abilities and learning conditions. From a sociological perspective, these findings were interpreted in light of Anthony Giddens’ Structuration Theory, which emphasizes the dialectical interaction between digital structures and students’ social agency in producing and reproducing the educational process. Accordingly, the study confirms that distance education represents a modern educational system that contributes to reshaping university formation, while highlighting the need to develop academic support mechanisms and strengthen students’ digital competencies to enhance its effectiveness in the future
The Development of Literary Vision from Tradition to Modernity in Modern Arab Thought
The literary vision within modern Arab thought evolved from a conformist conception dominated by inherited tradition and adherence to established canonical forms to a modernist perspective shaped by engagement with the Western Other in the context of the nineteenth-century Nahda. These transformations emerged as part of a broader effort to reconsider the concepts of literature, its genres, and its functions. Calls for the exercise of reason in critically reexamining the heritage became increasingly prominent, and literature came to be regarded as a medium for articulating human and social concerns, as well as historical transformations. It also assumed the role of raising questions and engaging debates surrounding issues of freedom and identity. Literary discourse was thus emancipated from fixed rhetorical structures and reconstituted as a creative act actively participating in the shaping of a present open to the transformations of the age.
Assessing the Level of Digital Maturity in Tax Administration According to the OECD Model: A Case Study of the Tax Directorate of Mila Province
This study assesses the level of digital maturity reached by the Algerian tax administration using the OECD Digital Transformation Maturity Model. A descriptive approach was adopted in the theoretical part, while an analytical approach was used in the field study. The study first reviews the stages of digital transformation in tax administration in light of tax system reform and the modernization of tax administration. It then analyzes a questionnaire administered to officials of the Tax Directorate of Mila Province. The purpose was to determine the level of digital maturity through organizational culture and the availability of digital infrastructure capable of supporting digital transformation as a shared operational tool for taxpayers and tax officials. The study concludes that the tax administration is still at the first maturity level and may therefore be classified as an emerging administration.
The Problematic of Scientific Knowledge Production in the Social Sciences within Arab Universities
The production of scientific knowledge constitutes one of the most vital functions of the university, serving as the effective primary engine for progress across all fields. Consequently, it has become a metric by which the advancement or stagnation of nations is measured. Within the context of cognitive structures, we find that the problematic of scientific knowledge production in the social sciences stands as one of the most acute and intractable crises facing academic institutions. Undoubtedly, many Arab nations have sought to revitalize the scientific research sector in alignment with the requirements of the knowledge age. To this end, they have adopted various orientations and mechanisms, establishing numerous research laboratories aimed at intensifying and upgrading research output to reach global standards. However, based on the theoretical frameworks through which we examined the reality of scientific knowledge production in social science fields within Arab universities, we concluded that such production is remarkably meager—almost non-existent—when compared to developed nations. Furthermore, this output often lacks qualitative depth, dominated instead by a vast quantity of research that offers little utility and adds nothing of substance to the existing body of knowledge.
New Media the Other face of a Health Culture in the Time of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19), Ethnographic Study of Some Facebook Pages Model
Recently, there has been talk of the health crisis of the coronavirus around the world. The COVID19, which confused the rhythm of life, required new practices such as social distancing. In this difficult situation, the role of new media came as a new philosophy for the dissemination of a health culture. Thus, this research paper revealed the main real issues of Facebook in promoting a health culture using ethnographic method by disseminating some of the Corona cases in numbers and analysis. Adding to this, relying on the electronic observation technology to monitor the most important tips, guidance and methods of prevention and awareness.
Kharijite Daʼwa Between the Islamic East and West: Factors of Transmission and Conditions of Success
This article investigates the Kharijite daʼwa (call and propagation) between the Islamic East (Mashriq) and the Islamic West (Maghrib), examining the factors that drove its transmission and the conditions that enabled its success. The study traces the emergence of early sectarian formations within the first Islamic state, centering on the Kharijite movement — its origins, principal factions, shared doctrinal commitments, and defining theological tenets. It then examines the circumstances that confronted the Kharijites in the Islamic East under the Umayyad Caliphate and the sustained persecution to which they were subjected, arguing that this repression constituted the primary catalyst behind their strategic relocation. Driven westward, the Kharijites abandoned direct military confrontation in favor of clandestine preaching (daʿwa) and political organization in regions beyond the immediate reach of Umayyad authority — a deliberate pivot that enabled them to exploit the volatile conditions prevailing in the Islamic West under Umayyad governance. The article concludes with a critical assessment of competing historiographical positions: those that seek to exonerate the Umayyad Caliphate of responsibility for events in the Maghrib, attributing culpability solely to individual governors, and those that hold the caliphate institutionally accountable for what transpired. A final section presents the study's principal findings.
Digital Childhood and Transformations of Socialization in the Age of Technological Media - An Analytical Reading in Light of Algerian Society –
This article seeks to explore and understand the relationship between childhood and digital media in Algerian society. It does so by identifying the social risks that may result from children's use of technological media in the digital environment. It also examines the socialization of the Algerian child in digital space and traces the changes linked to this process. The article also focuses on ways to strengthen technological awareness among children in Algeria. It addresses the mechanisms needed for sound socialization. Such mechanisms can help children adapt to digital media and communication tools. They can also protect them from the risks that may arise during use. The study concludes that socialization in the digital age of the child in Algeria is undergoing several digital transformations. These transformations are shaped by digital media.
Patterns of children's use of YouTube and their relationship with social isolation - A survey study on a sample of children from Qasham Al-Miloud Primary School in the municipality of Djelfa
This article examines patterns of children’s use of YouTube and their relationship with social isolation among pupils at Qasham Al-Miloud Primary School in Djelfa. Using a descriptive survey method, the study collected questionnaire data from a purposive sample of 60 primary school students. Results show that many children use YouTube heavily: 40% watch for more than two hours daily, and entertainment content, especially animation and video games, dominates their viewing. More than half usually watch alone, while parental supervision is often irregular or absent. The findings also reveal social indicators linked to intensive use, including reduced family communication, a preference for staying alone, and weak participation in group play. The study concludes that YouTube is not inherently harmful, but excessive, unsupervised, and individual use may reinforce social isolation. It also encourages schools to promote media literacy awareness programs.
The Contribution of Linguistic Identification to Sustaining the American Identity
Identity and language bind several areas of knowledge like anthropology, philosophy and politics. It is assumed that no amount of knowledge will ever do justice to the term ‘identity’. This paper seeks to demystify the relationship of language to identity. It also tries and highlight how the American identity is shaped by some linguistic identification elements. Since American English is different to other Englishes, there are striking specificities that make it stand flagrantly discrepant from, for instance, British English. That, in turn, contributes to the easiness with which an American can identify another American via mere use of English. The discussion entails the notion of identity and whether linguistic discrepancies contribute in shaping the American identity. Therefore, the research question revolves more around the American cultural, rather than personal, identity.
Protecting the Electronic Consumer from Misleading Commercial Advertising in the Digital Environment
Electronic advertising remains a highly controversial issue, particularly in its commercial aspect, when an electronic supplier markets products in the digital environment and relies on misleading methods that affect the decision of the electronic consumer. The consumer may later discover that the information provided in the advertisements does not reflect the true nature of the good or service, which poses a threat to the relationship between the consumer and the electronic supplier. Therefore, advertisements containing misleading information negatively affect the consumer’s freedom and willingness to obtain accurate information. As a result of the development of electronic marketing methods, misleading electronic commercial advertising has become a common means of promoting products in virtual markets. Electronic suppliers use it to attract consumers and influence their choices. The protection granted to consumers against such advertisements has developed accordingly. The Algerian legislator has responded to this development by establishing preventive rules to ensure fair commercial advertising activity on the one hand, and by combating misleading electronic advertisements through their prohibition and the punishment of offenders on the other hand.
Title of the intervention: Content Analysis as a Research Tool in Sociological Studies: A Methodological Approach with Applied Models
Scientific research in the field of sociology is a research adventure in which we may use a technique for study and analysis, but the subject and the field may impose on the researcher another method and another technique that may be the basis of this research, or may serve as a research support for the subject or alongside the method, and any technique may need another assisting or supporting technique for the subject of the study. Therefore, the circumstances of sociological research may, through its inductive data, impose the combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques. In a single study, we may rely on the interview technique and content analysis at the same time, and empirical data may impose on us a single tool. Therefore, through this scientific attempt, we hope to open a wide door in sociological studies and impose a necessary scientific interest on the part of specialists by focusing, alongside scientific research techniques such as observation, interview, and questionnaire, on the content analysis technique. This is the technique that has received great interest and popularity in the field of communication and media. Thus, it is a research necessity that must impose itself on us as researchers in sociology in order to use this technique in our sociological studies and teach it to students.
Spiritual Education as a Mechanism for Reconciling Innate Needs and Social Pressures among Adolescents
This study aims to examine the role of spiritual education in reconciling adolescents’ innate needs with the social pressures they encounter during this sensitive developmental stage. The research begins by clarifying the fundamental concepts related to adolescence, human innate disposition (fiṭrah), and psychological and social pressures, while also reviewing selected previous studies that have addressed the topic. The findings reveal that spiritual education constitutes an effective preventive and therapeutic mechanism, as it redirects the fiṭrah toward a sound path, strengthens psychological resilience, and assists adolescents in constructing a balanced identity capable of adapting to life’s challenges.
Attitudes of Female Students at The Higher School Of Professors"Talab Abdel Rahman" in Laghouat towards Political Participation
This study aimed to reveal the nature attitudes of female Arabic language students for the primary level at the Higher School of Teachers "Talab Abdel Rahman" in Laghouat towards political participation. The descriptive approach was adopted on a sample of 53 female students pursuing their studies at the Higher School during the 2024-2025 academic year. A questionnaire designed by Khaidir Mahdi Saleh was used to verify the study's objectives. The results indicated: female students at the Higher School of Teachers in Laghouat hold positive attitudes towards political participation; There are no statistically significant differences exist in these attitudes attributable to academic level; There are no statistically significant differences attributable to age; There are no statistically significant differences attributable to residential area in favor of urban-dwelling students.
Drought is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. It manifests in two forms: one in which rainfall is completely absent, and another in which rainfall is scarce and, when it does occur, falls intensely over a short period. This does not give mountains and soil sufficient time to absorb and store water within fractures and underground aquifers. Regardless of the permeability of the soil, rainfall in such cases does not allow adequate time for water storage due to the rapid runoff and the slope gradient of the terrain. Through this study, we aim to propose theoretical solutions that are believed to be practical in addressing such crises.
Using technology to manage efficiency and improve job performance within the university - Field study at the University of Annaba, Algeria –
This research paper aims to identify the most common uses of technology and the main observed impact on efficiency and performance as well as identifying both technological use and efficiency management within universities since they are considered means of achieving job performance. This is what the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research seeks to achieve by keeping pace with current developments in terms of information and communication technology and adopting the technological process in the administrative and educational process. Therefore, we relied on the descriptive and analytical approach to diagnose this phenomenon, providing an accurate description and clear explanation. We relied on a questionnaire as a tool for data collection and analysis to arrive at the desired conclusions. This was achieved through a purposive sample of 40 employees representing the research community with objective indicators Through our study, we concluded that technological use plays a role in improving efficiency management among university employees, which contributes to achieving university outcomes as a strategic goal pursued by relevant authorities.
The Effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems in Enhancing the Quality of Accounting Information - A Field Study of Private Healthcare Institutions in Ouargla Province, Algeria-
This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of accounting information systems in enhancing the quality of accounting information within private healthcare institutions, focusing on three key dimensions: credibility, accuracy, and the timeliness of financial reporting. The descriptive-analytical method was employed, utilizing a questionnaire to collect and analyze data through appropriate statistical methods. The study's findings indicate that accounting information systems are an influential factor in improving the quality of accounting information. They contribute to increasing reliability, the accuracy of reports, and accelerating access to information, while also noting some challenges such as weak integration with medical systems.
The Philosophy of Difference: Questions and Stakes
The philosophy of difference has sought to give renewed attention to marginalized themes that the logos excluded during the modern period, especially myth, or mythos. Human beings long believed that they could master their reality and their lives through reason. Reason thus became the principal foundation of hegemony. Under this monistic view, modern philosophy moved away from the principles and values it had sought to realize. Contemporary philosophies therefore sought to reorient their discourses. They moved from the absolute to the relative, from the self to the collective "we", and from centrism to openness and plurality.
The Aesthetics of Place in Malek Bennabi’s Novel Pilgrimage of the Poor
Place assumes a pivotal and essential role in the structure of Malek Bennabi’s novel Pilgrimage of the Poor ; Its presence is not confined to that of a static geographical frame; rather, it becomes an active narrative element that exerts a tangible influence on the dynamics of events. The contrast between open spaces, with their symbolism of openness, and closed spaces, with their isolating particularity, generates a distinct narrative rhythm whose effects are reflected in the trajectories of the characters and in their psychological and social development. The function of place does not stop at containing narrative events; it also appears as a semantic vessel that carries the intellectual and spiritual structures forming the backbone of the novel. This makes place an expressive device that Bennabi employs skillfully to consolidate the philosophical and aesthetic dimensions of his fictional text, transforming it from a mere physical setting into an imaginative space charged with meanings and symbols that reflect the intersections of the self with its surrounding world.
THE Marginal Literature and Ideology in Arab Literary Creativity
This study examines the relationship between ideology and Arab marginal literature. The margin represents the antithesis of official, central literature and functions as a counter-ideological instrument that seeks to unsettle the narratives of dominant authority, which often bypass marginalized groups, minorities, and opponents of central power. It does so by rebelling against the limits imposed by authoritarian modes of thought and expression, and by making audible the voice of the marginalized, excluded, and forgotten other as a form of confrontation rather than compliance. This occurs through exposing the hidden structures of prevailing ideology. The study therefore asks: how have the features of this relationship been embodied in Arab literary creativity?
EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ALGERIA: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE PERIOD (2000-2024)
Thisstudyaimsto analyzethe relationshipbetweenforeigndirectinvestmentand economic growth in Algeria, by evaluating the impact of foreign direct investment flows on economic growth through their development, their distribution, and their contribution to gross domestic product and employment opportunities. The study emphasizes that foreign direct investment flows in Algeria remain below the expected levels despite the available opportunities, which calls for the need to direct foreign investment towards productive sectors with high added value outside the hydrocarbons sector, which contributes to supporting sustainable economic growth.
"I and Hayyim" by Habib Al-Sayih: An Analytical Reading of Latent Cultural Codes
Cultural systems are a key approach in contemporary literary analysis, aiming to reveal both explicit and implicit meanings within the text. This study examines their formation and density in the novel Ana wa Hayim by Habib Sayeh, adopting an analytical strategy that probs underlying significations through close textual reading, therby uncovering a network of conflicts structured by multiple cultural systems.
Exploring the Use of AI Tools in EFL Students’ Master Dissertation: The Case of Master Students at École Normale Supérieure (ENS) and Kasdi Merbah University (KMU)- Ouargla, Algeria
The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have brought about substantial changes in numerous fields, and education is no exception. University students leverage AI tools to accomplish a range of academic tasks, notably including the composition of Master's dissertations. This study aims to explore whether and the extent to which English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Master students utilize AI tools during the process of writing their dissertations. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the specific research tasks for which these students employ AI tools in their dissertation work. To attain this aim, the current research adopts exploratory research design and employ a questionnaire as an instrument to gather data from 72 participants who are EFL Master students drawn from two prominent institutions in Ouargla, Algeria: École Normale Supérieure (ENS) and Kasdi Merbah University (KMU). The findings reveal that EFL Master's students recognize academic writing's importance and actively refine their skills. Additionally, they widely embrace AI tools, integrating them into research practices including research plan, literature reviews, instrument design, data analysis, data interpretation, and simple writing enhancement tasks such as reformulation, summarizing, explanation. As the findings demonstrate a clear shift in academic workflow, showing AI is not just a peripheral tool but deeply integrated into fundamental tasks from literature review, data analysis to writing refinement, this study provides valuable insights to enrich our understanding of modern academic practices.
Enhancing Procedural Effectiveness in the Investigation and Inquiry Phase Under Law 25-14 - the Public Prosecution and the Investigating Judge-
This intervention aims to shed light on the fundamental transformations introduced by Law No. 25-14, dated August 13, 2025, which represents a qualitative leap in contemporary Algerian criminal policy. The study aims to analyze the new legal mechanisms granted to the Public Prosecution to enhance its role in combating crime effectively, while focusing on the delicate balance that the legislator sought to achieve between ensuring public interest for society and protecting the rights of individuals. This intervention also addresses the analysis and study of the new provisions related to judicial investigation bodies, and how these amendments contributed to simplifying procedures and shortening legal deadlines in a way that serves the principle of fair trials. Through this research paper, we seek to answer the following problem: To what extent has the new procedural vision adopted by Law 25-14 succeeded in activating the role of criminal justice in the pre-trial phase, and what are the new guarantees for protecting individual liberties in light of these broad powers?
Contributions of the Sociology of Religion to the Interpretation of Psychological and Social Behaviour: A Socio-Religious Perspective
Human beings are complex entities shaped by the interplay of psychological, social, and religious dimensions, making their behaviour the result of a dynamic and multifaceted interaction. In this context, the sociology of religion provides a significant analytical framework for interpreting psychological and social behaviour through the study of religion’s influence on values, norms, and practices. This study examines how religion, as a normative and value-based system, contributes to regulating individual and collective behaviour and fostering psychological balance and social integration. It argues that religious institutions and socialisation processes play a central role in shaping behaviour and maintaining social cohesion, particularly in contexts of social change. The study concludes that the relationship between religion and psychological and social phenomena is complementary, with religion acting as a key mechanism of social regulation and stability. Methodologically, the research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, supported by a comparative perspective in selected aspects.
The moralization of civil society in Algeria – A look at the National Observatory of Civil Society-
The participatory of citizen is a requirement for the moralization of civil society, this type of participation is regarded as a high form of democracy. It has been included in all Algerian constitutions, from 1967 to the constitutional amendment of 2020, which institutionalized this concept through the National Observatory of Civil Society (NOSC), this Observatory oversees civil society actors, moralizes their practices and prevents the corruption in their civils activities.
The Impact of Historical Terminology Formation on the Consolidation of National Memory
This study examines how colonial terminology shaped the narrative of Algerian history through embedded ideological assumptions. It analyzes the role of Western historiography in legitimizing French occupation under the notion of a civilizing mission. The research problem lies in the uncritical reuse of colonial terms in Algerian historiography, especially through translation. It aims to deconstruct these conceptual frameworks and redefine terminology to reflect Algeria’s historical reality. A qualitative and interdisciplinary methodology is adopted, combining discourse analysis, historical method, and historical linguistics. The study compares colonial texts, official reports, and early Algerian historical writings. It shows that terms such as “pacification” and “modernization” concealed violence and dispossession. The findings reveal that colonial terminology persists in post-independence historiography, distorting historical representation. The study calls for reconstructing terminology and developing an autonomous national historical discourse.
Educational Governance in Algeria as an Arena of Struggle: A Sociological Analysis of the Role of Teachers' Unions in Confronting Executive Decree 25-54
This paper departs from the problematic that educational governance in Algeria cannot be reduced to a neutral technical tool for sector management. Instead, in light of the trajectory that produced Executive Decree 25-54, it manifests as a dynamic arena of struggle where the exercise of power and strategies of resistance between the Ministry of National Education and teachers' unions interact. The study aims to analyze the contentious role played by these unions, not merely as pressure groups defending material interests, but as symbolic actors seeking to redefine the terms of governance and their position within the educational "field." Drawing on conflict theory as formulated by Ralf Dahrendorf (power and resistance), Pierre Bourdieu (field and symbolic capital), and Lewis Coser (functions of social conflict), the paper adopts a qualitative-interpretive methodology based on documentary analysis of the decree, union statements, and media declarations. The study covers the period from May 2, 2021 (the date of presidential instructions to amend the law) to March 3, 2025 (the suspension of the protest movement). The findings reveal that the conflict did not arise solely from the content of the law but from the procedural path of its preparation, which was described as "exclusion" and a "flawed methodology" that betrayed a "symbolic pact" made by the highest authority in the state. In response to this exclusion, the unions produced a multifaceted "overt resistance," ranging from a technical-negotiating discourse to a mobilizing-threatening one, seeking not only to amend the law but also to impose recognition of themselves as essential partners in governance. The paper concludes that educational governance in Algeria is not a state of equilibrium but a permanent process of conflict, and that ignoring the dynamics of power and recognition empties any reform of its substance. The paper contributes theoretically by proposing the concepts of the "symbolic pact" and its "betrayal" as explanatory mechanisms for the outbreak of conflicts in charismatic bureaucracies.
A review on Traditional vs Modern Architecture
Architecture reflects the cultural, social, and technological evolution of human societies. Traditional architecture is deeply rooted in local materials, climate responsiveness, and cultural identity, while modern architecture emphasizes innovation, functionality, and the use of advanced construction technologies. This paper explores the key differences and interconnections between traditional and modern architectural styles, focusing on design philosophy, materials, sustainability, and social relevance. It also examines how traditional knowledge systems can inform contemporary practices to create environmentally sustainable and culturally meaningful built environments. The study highlights the importance of integrating the strengths of both approaches to address current challenges such as urbanization, climate change, and resource scarcity.
Determinants of Social Inclusion Among Youth in Algeria: Unemployment, Poverty, Migration, Delinquency, Drugs, And Suicide as Explanatory Variables
This study aims to analyze the determinants of youth social integration in Algeria through a sociological approach that explains the relationship between several structural social phenomena such as unemployment, poverty, migration (including irregular migration), deviance, drug abuse, and suicide. The study is based on the assumption that these phenomena are not merely individual behaviors, but rather the outcome of structural dysfunctions within the social, economic, and cultural system, including unequal wealth distribution, weak social justice, rapid economic transformations, and the decline in the effectiveness of social control institutions. The study further shows that the interaction of these factors leads to a decline in youth opportunities for professional and social integration, pushing some young people toward withdrawal or deviant behaviors such as illegal migration, drug use, or even suicide. The study concludes that addressing youth integration requires comprehensive policies that integrate economic, social, and cultural dimensions, while strengthening youth participation in public life and reinforcing social protection mechanisms.
Effectiveness of Acupressure in Alleviating Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, bloating, and discomfort in the absence of identifiable structural abnormalities. The condition significantly affects quality of life and is often associated with psychological stress, anxiety, and dysregulation of the gut–brain axis. Conventional management strategies, including dietary modification, antispasmodic agents, laxatives, antidiarrheal medications, and psychological therapies, provide variable symptom relief and may not fully address the chronic and multifactorial nature of the disorder. Acupressure, a non-invasive technique derived from traditional East Asian medicine, involves applying manual pressure to specific acupoints to promote physiological balance and symptom control. In gastrointestinal disorders, commonly targeted points include ST25 (Tianshu), ST36 (Zusanli), and SP6 (Sanyinjiao), which are believed to influence digestive function and autonomic regulation. This study examines the effectiveness of acupressure in alleviating core IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea.
Occupational stress and its relationship to mental health among teacher (a field study on a sample of primary school teachers)
This study examined occupational stress and its relationship to mental health among teachers—a field study conducted on a sample of elementary school teachers. We achieved this through the following: - Examining the relationship between occupational stress and mental health among elementary school teachers. - Examining differences in occupational stress by gender among elementary school teachers. - Examining differences in mental health by age among elementary school teachers. The study targeted a sample of 40 teachers in the province of Relizane, including 9 males and 31 females. The study revealed the following results: There is a statistically significant inverse correlation between occupational stress and mental health among primary school teachers. There are no statistically significant differences in occupational stress when controlling for gender among primary school teachers. There are no statistically significant differences in mental health when controlling for age among primary school teachers.
Good architectural design is essential for creating functional, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing built environments. It involves a careful balance of various elements such as form, space, light, materials, structure, and context. This paper explores the key elements that contribute to effective architectural design, emphasizing the importance of functionality, environmental responsiveness, cultural relevance, and user comfort. It highlights how thoughtful design can enhance human experience while addressing challenges related to sustainability, urbanization, and technological advancement. The study also examines the role of innovation and creativity in shaping architectural solutions that are both practical and visually appealing. Ultimately, good architectural design is not only about constructing buildings but also about improving the quality of life and ensuring harmony between humans and their surroundings.
Leading Global Models in Social Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship has garnered significant attention from various governments and entrepreneurs alike, as it is considered an effective means of achieving development, progress, and the fight against unemployment and poverty problems that hinder social stability and economic advancement. This has led to growing interest in social entrepreneurship, which is viewed as a contemporary socio-economic approach focused on funding and developing economic projects aimed at solving social, cultural, and environmental issues, rather than simply generating financial profit.
Astrology and Science: A Critical Examination of Predictive Validity
Astrology, which is one of the oldest systems of science, asserts that there is a connection between the positions of the celestial bodies and human conduct, personality characteristics, and the events that occur in one's life. The scientific reality of this phenomenon is still a hotly debated topic, despite the fact that it continues to enjoy widespread acceptance throughout cultures. the ability of astrology to accurately predict the future by comparing its fundamental assumptions to well-established scientific concepts, including as falsifiability, reproducibility, and empirical verification. The study examines existing empirical studies that test astrological predictions, particularly in connection to personality assessment and life outcomes. It does so by drawing on multidisciplinary methodologies from the fields of psychology, statistics, and astronomy. Cognitive biases, such as the Barnum effect and confirmation bias, play a significant influence in the formation of individuals' beliefs on the accuracy of astrological predictions. The purpose of this study is to further analyze whether or not statistical connections between astrological variables and human qualities are greater than the occurrence of chance. The results of a comparative examination with scientific models of prediction show that astrological assertions frequently do not have consistent empirical basis and do not meet strict methodological requirements. Nevertheless, it accepts the cultural, symbolic, and psychological relevance of astrology, and it suggests that the influence of astrology may be better understood within the framework of belief systems rather than scientific science
Textual Appropriateness Strategy and Its Role in the Pragmatics of Discourse
This article addresses the problem of appropriateness as a central mechanism in achieving textual cohesion and coherence, linking it to the pragmatic perspective of discourse. The study proceeds from the premise that text grammar transcends the boundaries of the sentence to encompass the text as a whole, wherein syntactic and semantic relations interact to form a cohesive structure. The article highlights the classical roots of the concept of appropriateness in Qur’anic studies, particularly in the works of al-Biqāʿī and al-Zarkashī, where it is conceived as a discipline that reveals the rationale behind textual arrangement and the interconnections among its parts. It also discusses the overlap between appropriateness and context, emphasizing that context constitutes a broader framework that facilitates uncovering the appropriate relationships among the components of discourse. The study applies this perspective to the texts of al-Iṣfahānī, revealing the role of appropriateness in achieving coherence across multiple levels: lexical, syntactic, and semantic, in addition to its pragmatic dimension related to the horizon of reception and the authority of the sender. The article concludes that appropriateness is not merely a traditional interpretive tool but an effective analytical mechanism in modern text linguistics, contributing to the understanding of discourse as an integrated and dynamic structure.
Architecture and Environment design impacts environmental sustainability
Architecture and the environment share a deeply interconnected relationship, as the built environment both influences and is influenced by natural systems. This paper explores how architectural design impacts environmental sustainability and how environmental factors shape architectural practices. It highlights the importance of climate-responsive design, efficient resource utilization, and the integration of natural elements in creating sustainable buildings. The study also examines the role of green architecture, renewable energy, and eco-friendly materials in reducing environmental degradation. By analyzing the interaction between architecture and the environment, the paper emphasizes the need for responsible design approaches that promote ecological balance, energy efficiency, and long-term sustainability. Ultimately, it underscores the role of architecture in addressing global environmental challenges while enhancing human well-being.
From Cinematic Memory to Digital Satire: Semiotic Intertextuality in Algerian Facebook Memes
This study examines Algerian Facebook memes as intertextual semiotic artifacts circulating within the digital public sphere. Drawing on memetic theory, intertextuality (Kristeva), and Martine Joly’s semiotic framework, the research analyzes three image-based memes derived from Algerian films and television series. Through qualitative semiotic analysis, the study explores how cinematic scenes are recontextualized, transformed, and digitally circulated to generate new layers of meaning. The findings reveal that Algerian memes operate as dynamic units of cultural transmission in which cinematic memory is reactivated and reinterpreted within contemporary socio-political contexts. Rather than functioning merely as humorous reproductions, these memes constitute intertextual constructions that negotiate cultural identity while adapting to the communicative logic of social media platforms. The study contributes to digital cultural research by positioning memes as evolving semiotic structures embedded in local cultural memory and networked digital circulation.
“The Role of Accounting in Financial Crisis Management”
Accounting plays a critical role in financial crisis management by providing accurate financial information, supporting decision-making, ensuring transparency, and helping organizations maintain financial stability during periods of economic uncertainty and crisis. Financial crises may arise due to economic recessions, market instability, corporate failures, excessive debt, global pandemics, inflation, banking failures, or unexpected disruptions in business operations. In such situations, effective accounting systems become essential for identifying financial risks, controlling costs, managing cash flow, and supporting strategic recovery planning. the role of accounting in financial crisis management and analyzes how accounting practices contribute to organizational resilience and economic stability during financial difficulties. The importance of accounting information in monitoring financial performance, assessing liquidity, managing risks, and maintaining corporate transparency during crises. Accounting systems help organizations evaluate revenues, expenses, liabilities, and cash flow positions, enabling management to identify financial problems and take corrective actions promptly. Financial reporting, budgeting, cost control, auditing, and management accounting techniques provide essential tools for crisis management and business continuity planning.
The Nexus Between Women’s Economic Autonomy and the Escalation of Delayed Marriage and Divorce: An Anthropological and Sociological Analysis
This research examines the burgeoning socio-structural shift within Algerian society, where the transition from traditional domesticity to female economic agency has precipitated a critical rise in divorce and delayed marriage. Amidst the globalized proliferation of "Gender" as a socio-cultural construct, women have transcended their conventional roles, acquiring a level of financial autonomy that fundamentally reconfigures the patriarchal marital contract. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical framework, this study explores the friction between emerging female leadership-oriented psychographies and the static expectations of traditional masculinity. The findings suggest a significant correlation between professional self-sufficiency and the erosion of marital dependency; as the material necessity for a male provider diminishes, the psychological threshold for entering or maintaining a suboptimal union rises. Consequently, financial independence acts as both a catalyst for female empowerment and a structural disruptor of familial stability, leading to an accelerated trend toward celibacy and marital dissolution.
Bias and Fairness in AI Systems: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies
Particularly in high-stakes fields like healthcare, banking, employment, and criminal justice, the growing use of AI in decision-making systems has sparked serious worries about bias and equity. Unfortunately, biases in the training data, algorithms, or system architecture can be inherited and amplified by machine learning models, despite their often-cited objectivity. Certain demographic groups may be disproportionately impacted by these biases, which could undermine confidence in AI systems and lead to discriminatory consequences. the causes and effects of bias in artificial intelligence, including prejudice in data, bias in algorithms, and bias caused by humans. Problems with feature selection, historical inequality, and imbalanced datasets are some of the topics covered. These flaws can lead to biased predictions and conclusions. In order to assess and measure bias in machine learning models, the study delves further into important fairness measures such as demographic parity, equal opportunity, and disproportionate impact. The study examines various mitigation measures that try to promote justice in AI systems in response to these problems. Fairness requirements are included into model training in pre-processing methods like data rebalancing and bias correction, and model outputs are adjusted in post-processing procedures to ensure equitable outcomes. Also covered are ways in which regulatory frameworks, explainable AI (XAI), and openness can help improve accountability and justice.
The Case Against Classroom Digitization: Curtailing Tablet Dependency, Reviving Paper Books, and Re-envisioning Pedagogical Landscapes
The rapid digitization of classrooms has proceeded with limited empirical scrutiny of its effects on learning outcomes, attention, and student well-being. This mixed-methods study investigates the impact of excessive tablet and screen reliance in educational settings, examining both student perceptions and teacher experiences. A questionnaire was administered to 156 secondary school students, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 teachers. Quantitative results indicate that while students acknowledge the convenience of digital devices, they consistently prefer paper for deep reading, studying, and information retention. Teachers reported significant challenges with digital distraction and expressed concerns about declining student attention spans. The findings support the argument for curtailing excessive digitization, restoring paper books as primary learning tools, and re-envisioning pedagogical landscapes around evidence-based, medium-appropriate instruction. This article concludes with practical recommendations for policy and practice.
Exploring the Intersection of Digital Media and Traditional Art Forms: A New Era of Creative Expression
The fusion of digital media and traditional art forms has given rise to a dynamic and innovative era of creative expression. how digital technologies are transforming traditional art, enabling new modes of creation, interaction, and distribution. From digital painting and animation to interactive installations and virtual reality, digital tools are expanding the boundaries of what is possible in art while preserving the essence of classical techniques. the interplay between these two realms, examining how digital media complements, challenges, and enhances traditional artistic practices. By analyzing case studies and interviews with artists, the evolving relationships between digital and traditional media, highlighting how they influence artistic techniques, aesthetics, and the way audiences engage with art. The findings suggest that this convergence not only broadens the scope of artistic expression but also democratizes art, offering new opportunities for collaboration, access, and innovation. Ultimately, this paper argues that the intersection of digital media and traditional art is redefining the role of the artist and pushing the boundaries of creative practice into a new era.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Bridging the Gap Between Accuracy and Interpretability
The increasing demand for trust, accountability, and transparency in sophisticated machine learning systems has led to the rise of Explainable AI (XAI) as a significant field of study. Their "black-box" aspect frequently limits interpretability and hinders their adoption in high-stakes decision-making situations, even if advanced models, especially deep learning architectures, have accomplished outstanding accuracy across domains including healthcare, autonomous systems, and finance. It is a major issue for researchers and practitioners alike to strike a balance between model transparency and prediction performance. To close this gap, XAI is working on ways to explain model behavior to people in a way that does not sacrifice accuracy. To shed light on the prediction generation process, researchers have turned to techniques like feature importance analysis, attention processes, model-agnostic explanation methods (like LIME and SHAP), and intrinsically interpretable models. Model judgments can be validated, biases can be detected, and regulatory and ethical compliance can be assured with the use of these methodologies.
Space and Its Significations in Modern Arabic Poetry: The Desert as a Model
The desert has constituted a central axis of reflection and creativity for the modern Arab poet. For him, the desert is the space of the absolute and the infinite; it silences the clamor of the world, rendering isolation within it akin to that of a vessel adrift in the open sea. It is also associated with experiences of absence, separation, distance, passage, exile, wandering, loss, and silence. Yet, there is always a longing to return to the desert, for it is a space of freedom, a retreat from the triviality of the everyday, and an embrace of what is grand of luminous intensity, solitude, and openness to the total and the infinite. Thus, the modern Arab poet has embraced the desert, which in turn has embraced his words. In the desert, words are created, tracing invisible labyrinths and cities amid the sand.
“Blockchain Technology and the Future of Accounting Systems”
Blockchain technology has emerged as one of the most transformative innovations in the field of finance, business, and accounting. It is a decentralized digital ledger system that records transactions securely, transparently, and permanently across multiple computer networks. In recent years, blockchain has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize traditional accounting systems by improving data accuracy, reducing fraud, enhancing transparency, and increasing operational efficiency. the role of blockchain technology in shaping the future of accounting systems and analyzes its impact on financial reporting, auditing, record management, and corporate governance. blockchain enables real-time recording and verification of transactions, thereby reducing the dependence on intermediaries and manual accounting procedures. Through features such as immutability, distributed ledgers, and cryptographic security, blockchain strengthens the reliability and authenticity of financial information. The technology also supports automated accounting functions through smart contracts, which can improve efficiency and reduce human error in financial transactions and reporting processes.
Unemployment Challenges and Their Implications for Sustainable Development
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"The Impact of Art Education on Cognitive Development and Emotional Intelligence in Children"
Because of its potential to cultivate creativity, art education has been recognised for a long time. However, the impact of art education extends beyond the development of artistic talents, as it also influences the cognitive development and emotional intelligence of children. the role that art education plays in the enhancement of cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and memory, as well as its contribution to emotional intelligence, which includes self-awareness, empathy, and the ability to regulate emotions. Through an examination of the existing body of literature and an examination of studies that have been conducted on the effects of visual arts, music, and drama on the development of children, the research demonstrates the numerous advantages that art education offers. how participating in art activities can assist children in the development of important life skills, the improvement of their academic performance, and the development of social and emotional responsibilities. Additionally, it includes a discussion of the broader ramifications of including art instruction into school curricula, which is particularly relevant in this day and age, when standardised testing and STEM disciplines frequently take precedence over educational concerns. According to the findings, art education is not only beneficial for the development of children's creative abilities, but it is also vital for the overall growth and development of children. It lays the groundwork for those children to achieve success both inside and outside of the classroom.
The Author and the Recipient in the Digital Space: A Critical Perspective in Light of Interactive Literature
This paper investigates the structural and aesthetic transformations that have affected the duality (author/receiver) in light of the emergence of interactive literature, where the text is no longer a closed linguistic entity but rather a networked, transmedia space. The study seeks to interrogate classical critical assumptions, foremost among them "the death of the author," in order to trace how the author shifts from the authority of the "sole creator" to the role of the "technical architect," alongside the reconfiguration of the reader’s identity, who has moved from a consuming reader to a "participatory author" contributing to meaning-making through the probabilistic pathways enabled by hypertextual writing. The research examines the impact of the digital medium in breaking traditional hierarchies and transforming the act of reading into an immersive, negotiative experience that redefines literariness according to the demands of "digitalization." This, in turn, necessitates that literary criticism invent procedural tools capable of keeping pace with this shift from linear text to interactive text, and from interpretive reading to navigational practice.
Impact of Acupressure on Stress Hormones and Physiological Markers
Stress is a physiological and psychological response to internal or external challenges, characterized by activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system. Persistent stress can elevate circulating cortisol, increase catecholamine release, raise blood pressure and heart rate, and disrupt immune and metabolic function. While pharmacological and behavioral therapies are commonly used to manage stress-related conditions, complementary approaches such as acupressure have gained increasing attention for their potential regulatory effects on stress hormones and physiological parameters. Acupressure is a non-invasive technique involving the application of manual pressure to specific acupoints associated with neuromodulatory and autonomic regulation. This study examines the impact of acupressure on stress-related biomarkers, including cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, and salivary alpha-amylase. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests that acupressure may reduce cortisol levels, enhance parasympathetic nervous system activity, stabilize cardiovascular parameters, and promote overall physiological relaxation.
Sa‘y in the Qur’an and Modern Sciences: A Systematic Integrative Review (1988–2025)
The concept of sa’y (striving) has long been central to Islamic thought, extending beyond physical exertion to encompass intention, orientation, and moral responsibility. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, pursued four objectives: clarifying the Qur’anic meaning of sa’y, comparing it with scientific analogues, tracing its development across four phases (1988–2025), and constructing an integrative model. The study employed quantitative, qualitative, and interdisciplinary tools, reviewing classical and modern studies in Islamic thought, psychology, economics, and physics. Findings indicate that in the Qur’an, sa’y represents a composite ethical framework grounded in accountability and reform, while in modern sciences it corresponds to grit in psychology, human capital and productivity in economics, and work as energy transfer in physics. The temporal analysis shows that the Foundation phase emphasized moral reform, the Emergence phase introduced psychological and economic perspectives, the Expansion phase broadened to resilience and non‑cognitive skills, and the Integration phase integrated ethics, institutional reform, advanced measurement, and social justice. The study concludes that sa’y functions as a comprehensive construct bridging Qur’anic interpretations with scientific analogues, positioning it as a framework that links values, perseverance, productivity, and directed effort across time. Although the study employed mixed quantitative and qualitative synthesis, limitations include the descriptive nature of the quantitative analysis and imbalance across domains. Future research should incorporate meta-analytical statistical techniques to provide stronger quantitative validation and broader interdisciplinary inclusion.
Accounting Information Systems and Organizational Performance
Accounting Information Systems (AIS) play a vital role in modern organizations by collecting, processing, and reporting financial data to support decision-making and control activities. As businesses operate in increasingly competitive and technology-driven environments, the effectiveness of AIS has become closely linked to overall organizational performance. This study examines the relationship between Accounting Information Systems and organizational performance, focusing on how system quality, information accuracy, timeliness, and integration influence operational efficiency and strategic outcomes. components of AIS, including transaction processing systems, reporting modules, internal control mechanisms, and integration with enterprise resource planning platforms. It evaluates how reliable and real-time financial information enhances managerial decision-making, reduces operational errors, strengthens internal controls, and supports performance monitoring. Efficient AIS implementation can improve productivity, reduce costs, and increase transparency across organizational functions.
A Sociological Analysis of Traditional Communication in Algerian Folk Tales: A Case study of the Orphans’ Cow
This study examines the sociological dimensions of traditional oral communication in Algerian folk tales, focusing on The Orphans’ Cow as a case study. Insights from linguistic anthropology, folklore theory, and structural analysis reveal how such tales serve not only as cultural narratives but also as vehicles for transmitting moral values, collective memory, and social cohesion. The story conveys enduring themes of resilience, familial loyalty, compassion, and moral justice, highlighting traditional responses to hardship, envy, and displacement. The symbolic elements of the maternal cow and the protective sibling bond underscore the tale’s pedagogical function in shaping ethical consciousness and preserving cultural identity. In a context shaped by colonial legacy and modern media disruption, the tale exemplifies the enduring power of folk storytelling as a means of informal education and value formation in Algerian society.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Contribution to the Economic Revolution in India
Dr. Ambedkar was a leader in the movement to restructure the Indian economy. In the 20th century, he was regarded as one of the most brilliant brains India had ever produced. His contributions to the field of economics are remarkable. His ideas, particularly those concerning agriculture and public finance, have left an indelible influence on the field of economics. He was of the opinion that the plan for India's economic growth should be based on eradicating property, eliminating injustices, and putting a stop to the exploitation of the general populace. In general, Ambedkar contributed to the emancipation of women, the development of communities, agriculture and irrigation, free trade economy, labour and industrial reforms, insurance, investment, and finance, and he introduced reservation criteria in the country's economic, social, and educational development. He was the first person to conceive of the Reserve Bank of India and the first person to introduce a measure in parliament to empower women (a Hindu code bill).
Mental Health in Islamic Law Highlighting Its Importance and Therapeutic Means
The importance of this study lies in the fact that it reveals the profound attention Islamic law has given to mental health, while also highlighting the principal methods prescribed for its enhancement and preservation. Accordingly, the central research problem revolves around the following question: What is the importance of mental health for the individual in Islam, and what are the most significant means stipulated by Islamic law to promote it? This study seeks to demonstrate the importance attributed by Islamic law to mental health, clarify the most prominent methods and approaches prescribed to strengthen it, and identify the objectives and purposes underlying these means. The study concludes that: Islamic law was pioneering in emphasizing the importance of mental health and in advocating care for it. Islamic law prescribed a number of therapeutic approaches to enhance an individual’s mental well-being, among the most important of which are: strengthening the spiritual and faith-based dimension, encouraging optimism while combating despair and frustration, fostering contentment and inner satisfaction, and others.
The Influence of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar on Education as a Pioneering Educator
His philosophy has many excellent concepts for the practical realisation of human potential, and these ideas have significance to the society of today. Education, in Ambedkar's view, should be seen as a movement. If it does not accomplish what it set out to achieve, then it is pointless. A genuine education nurtures humanity, creates opportunities for making a living, teaches us valuable life lessons, and instils in us a sense of equality. His qualifications as a thinker were shown by the many essays, books, periodicals, and newspapers that he authored during his lifetime. The Problem of the Rupee, Provincial Finance in British India, Annihilation of Caste, and Shudras? were some of the works that he had written himself. Ambedkar had the belief that the best way to improve people's standard of life was via the dissemination of knowledge. "Educate, unite, and fight" was the motto he used. The concepts of human dignity and respect for oneself were at the core of his social philosophy. He believed that education was the key to bringing about social change that would bring about justice, equality, brotherhood, freedom, and an absence of fear. He advocated for the establishment of a society that was guided by moral principles. It should go without saying that the best way to spread these moral principles is via educational opportunities. In the end, I will come to a conclusion by discussing the specific topic from the perspective of my own personal beliefs.
Life expectancy at birth at Birth as an Indicator of Human Development and Its Implications for Demographic Growth in Algeria
This study aims to analyse the evolution of life expectancy at birth as one of the most important indicators of human development and to highlight its implications for demographic growth in Algeria. The study adopted a descriptive and analytical approach based on data collected from the Algerian National Office of Statistics and reports issued by the Ministry of Health, in order to examine the evolution of life expectancy at birth at birth, identify the main health-related factors influencing it, and analyse its relationship with mortality and fertility. The findings revealed that Algeria has experienced a significant improvement in life expectancy at birth at birth since independence, mainly due to the development of the healthcare system, the improvement of medical services, the expansion of health infrastructure, vaccination programmes, and reproductive health policies. The study also demonstrated an inverse relationship between life expectancy at birth and infant mortality, as the decline in infant- -mortality contributed directly to the increase in life expectancy at birth. In addition, the results showed an inverse relationship between life expectancy at birth and the total fertility rate within the context of the demographic transition experienced by Algeria over recent decades.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was instrumental in laying the groundwork for equality in contemporary India.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, an intellectual rationalist, took an analytical look at the old social structure of the Hindus in order to facilitate the development of a democratic and humble society. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar's point of view centred on achieving social justice for underprivileged members of Indian society by encouraging their involvement in the country's political and economic systems. He believed that this would be the most effective way to bring about social change in India. Also, which intends to do research on his role in the development of contemporary India. In order to successfully complete the study assignment, the descriptive technique was chosen as the appropriate approach to use. He argues that if we don't have any political human rights, it's possible that we won't be able to transform society and achieve social justice for everyone. Therefore, he places an emphasis not only on the relationships between the many castes that make up the Hindu social system, but also on the relationships that exist within human evolution. This is the situation in the twenty first century, as our nation is observing that discrimination, injustice, and economic backwardness, etc. are primarily driven by the caste discrimination and caste fury among the many castes that exist in our society. This is the case in light of the fact that our country is currently in the twenty first century. The work done by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar on constructing a society that is both simple and equitable is of the utmost importance not only for understanding the social orders but also for eliminating the social problems that plague Indian society in the modern day. This study is much more vital not only to understand the social orders, but also to rid the Indian society of the social ills that exist in the modern day. There is still prejudice and violence based on caste among the Dalits and women, both of which undermine the human dignity of those members of society who are at a disadvantage. Despite the progress that has been made in the social, economic, and political spheres of our country, there is still prejudice and violence among the Dalits and women. People have had their economic, political, and social lives completely upended as a direct result of this, and they have been denied access to the chances given by education and work.
Values and Their Role in the Civilizational Cycle and Their Formations in the Thought of Malik Bennabi
In this research paper, we address the topic of the concept of civilization according to Malik Bennabi, considering it in reality as the sum of the material and moral factors that enable a society to provide each of its members with all the necessary social guarantees for their progress. Moreover, the realization of civilization is contingent upon a set of basic conditions, the most prominent of which are activating the role of humans, guiding them with a value-driven idea, developing effectiveness and productivity, along with balancing matter and spirit. In a broader context, it is linked to the stages of the civilizational cycle (spirit, intellect, instinct), explaining how civilization is formed through these stages, and how values play a decisive role in its rise and continuity or decline.
A STUDY ON VIEW OF DR.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR IN FORMATION OF MODERN INDIA
In spite of progress made in our country's social, economic, and political spheres, there is still prejudice and violence based on caste among the Dalits and women, both of which undermine the human dignity of those members of society who are at a disadvantage. As a rationalist thinker, Ambedkar took a critical look at the conventional social structure of the Hindus in order to facilitate the development of a society that was simple and equal. Ambedkar's worldview centred on achieving social fairness for all segments of Indian society, which he sought to do through encouraging socio-economic and political involvement among the lower castes. He attempted to do this by establishing a caste-based reservation system. Dr. Ambedkar's philosophy on the need of equality in society, as well as an investigation of the role he played in the development of contemporary India. The descriptive approach will be used to finish the research task, which has chosen to use this approach. As a direct consequence of this, people have been denied access to the opportunities afforded by education and employment, and their economic, political, and social lives have been destroyed. As a consequence of this, he contends that if we don't have any political rights, we won't be able to transform society and achieve social justice for everyone. Therefore, he places an emphasis not only on the relationships between the many castes that make up the Hindu social system, but also on the relationships that exist within human civilization. In the twenty first century, our country is experiencing the inequality, injustice, economic backwardness, and other problems that are mostly driven by the caste prejudice and caste violence that occurs among the different castes. Ambedkar's effort on building a simply and equal society is more vital for not only to grasp the social orders but also for taking away the present day's social ills of the Indian society. These social evils need to be eradicated in order to make the Indian society a better place.
Abu al-Eid Doudou: From Linguistic Transfer to the Creative Act
The experience of the Algerian translator Abu al-Eid Doudou stands as a rare example of translation evolving from a mere linguistic operation into an integrated cultural and creative project. Doudou transcended the traditional model of the intermediary translator to embody the figure of the “intellectual–translator,” one who reproduces texts through interactive critical and interpretive visions rooted in encyclopedic knowledge and a profound understanding of cultural and linguistic systems. This paper is based on an in-depth analysis of his translational project as a creative act and a form of secondary writing, wherein the translating self intersects with the spirit of the text, and translation is positioned as a civilizational dialogue between cultures rather than a simple literal transfer. Abu al-Eid conceives translation as a complex act that requires self-formation and continuous practice, while questioning prevailing notions regarding translators’ competence. He emphasizes that mastery of language alone is insufficient without a deep understanding of its cultural contexts. His theatrical experience, particularly in Al-Turab (The Soil) and Al-Bashir, further demonstrates how translation enriches creative writing and leads to the reconstruction of texts in light of the recipient’s specificities without compromising the spirit of the original. Through his works, Doudou affirmed that translation is not merely a means of communication, but also a means of producing knowledge and expanding the horizons of shared understanding. He also showed that the true translator engages intellectually and aesthetically with the text, contributing to its reshaping in ways that serve both the recipient and their culture. This paper concludes that Doudou’s translational project constitutes an intellectual production akin to authorship itself, restoring translation to its rightful place as a cultural act that enhances human dialogue and builds bridges between civilizations.
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Digital Art
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the field of digital art, reshaping traditional artistic practices and expanding the boundaries of creativity. the growing relationship between AI technologies and digital artistic expression, focusing on how machine learning, generative algorithms, and neural networks are influencing contemporary art production. AI-based tools such as generative image systems, style transfer applications, and automated design software have enabled artists to experiment with new forms, techniques, and visual languages that were previously unimaginable. The ways in which AI functions both as a creative assistant and as an independent generator of artistic content. It also investigates the ethical and philosophical concerns surrounding authorship, originality, authenticity, and the role of human creativity in an increasingly automated artistic environment. While some critics argue that AI-generated art challenges the uniqueness of human imagination, others view it as a collaborative medium that enhances artistic innovation and accessibility.
The Axiomatic Method and Interdisciplinary Studies: Towards a Holistic Vision of Contemporary Sciences
This article examines the axiomatic method as a central mechanism for activating interdisciplinary research across fields of knowledge, highlighting its theoretical dimensions and methodological functions. The analysis proceeds from the concept of interdisciplinarity as an epistemic formulation aimed at overcoming disciplinary closure and reintegrating disciplines within an encyclopaedic system capable of encompassing complexity and composite phenomena. This article demonstrates how the axiomatic method provides a formal structure grounded in fundamental assumptions and abstract inferences, thereby enabling abstraction, rational analysis, and the formulation of symbols as a means of expressing the structural relations between concepts, independent of direct empirical reference. Drawing on examples from physics, such as the equivalence between wave mechanics and quantum mechanics, this article illustrates the method's capacity to reveal symmetry, equivalence, and correspondence between theories, thereby enhancing the understanding of the interdisciplinary system of knowledge. The study concludes that the axiomatic method not only organises the sciences but also contributes to constructing a holistic horizon for encyclopaedic thought, one that balances specialisation and totality and establishes a robust epistemic integration capable of addressing the challenges of contemporary knowledge.
Virtual Reality as a Medium for Contemporary Art
Redefining the bounds of creativity, audience participation, and immersive visual experience, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a transformational technology in modern artistic practices. Virtual reality (VR) allows artists to create interactive, multi-sensory artworks that beyond the boundaries of traditional artistic media by means of computer-generated, three-dimensional worlds. the impact of VR on visual communication, digital culture, and modern art; and it delves into the ways in which immersive technologies are shaping these fields. Using virtual reality (VR) in creative contexts including digital installation art, virtual exhibitions, gaming, interactive narrative, performance art, and animation. Virtual reality (VR) technology enables viewers to interact with artworks in virtual settings, blending the line between the real and the virtual through interactive encounters. Through the use of virtual reality (VR) equipment, artists are able to explore new avenues of artistic expression and audience participation through the manipulation of space, movement, sound, and interaction. In addition, the ways in which VR augments modern visual culture by altering the dynamic among creators, consumers, and online venues. The proliferation of immersive media has sparked fresh avenues for creative expression and teamwork in digital spaces. As digital technologies continue to play an increasingly important role in cultural creation, virtual reality (VR) artworks are finding more and more homes in museums, galleries, educational platforms, and online exhibitions.
Contemporary Paintings as a Form of Political Resistance
Artworks created in the modern era often mirror contemporary society's ideological disagreements, social conflicts, and cultural challenges, making them potent tools of political opposition. Modern artists utilise painting as a platform to protest political power, inequality, brutality, oppression, and injustice via the use of symbolic imagery, color, and artistic experimentation. The article delves into the function of art as a form of resistance in modern paintings and analyzes the visual representation of political concerns throughout this time. How modern forms of art depict contemporary social and political themes such as racism, sexism, environmental degradation, migration, state brutality, economic injustice, and human rights breaches. To convey social awareness and political critique, modern artists frequently incorporate multimedia elements with realism, abstraction, symbolism, and other realist techniques. Artworks serve as vehicles for social and political critique, cultural intervention, and protest in addition to their more obvious aesthetic purposes. Also discussed is the way artists portray historically silenced voices and marginalized communities in their work, as well as the connection between visual art, political identity, and collective resistance. Art has evolved into a vehicle for political testimony and emotional expression in modern times, with many works reflecting individual experiences and group battles. what role modern political themes have in popular culture, shaped by factors such as social movements, digital media, and world events.
Algeria in Figures: A Demographic Profile and Structural Transitions
This study examines demographic change in Algeria through a set of core demographic indicators, including population growth, the rate of population increase, life expectancy, births, mortality, sex distribution, and age structure, as represented by the population pyramid. It also analyses family and social dynamics, notably age at first marriage, educational attainment, and patterns of residence. By offering a detailed account of the Algerian population, this study highlights the gradual process of demographic aging and evolving fertility trends.
“Management Accounting Techniques for Organizational Performance Improvement”
Management accounting plays a vital role in improving organizational efficiency, decision-making, and overall business performance. It provides financial and non-financial information to managers for planning, controlling, budgeting, and evaluating business operations. In the modern competitive business environment, organizations increasingly rely on management accounting techniques to enhance productivity, reduce operational costs, optimize resource utilization, and achieve strategic objectives. various management accounting techniques and their contribution to organizational performance improvement. The study focuses on important management accounting tools such as budgeting, standard costing, variance analysis, marginal costing, cost-volume-profit analysis, balanced scorecard, activity-based costing, and performance measurement systems. These techniques assist managers in identifying inefficiencies, controlling expenditures, forecasting future performance, and making effective strategic decisions. Management accounting also supports organizational planning by providing accurate and timely information related to production, pricing, investment, and profitability.
Bullying: An Interdisciplinary Study from Islamic and Psychological Perspectives
Bullying is both an ancient and modern phenomenon: ancient in its occurrence across civilizations, yet modern in terms of its scientific study and the exploration of its causes. It has spread across nearly all social environments, including families, schools, workplaces, and online platforms. Bullying poses serious risks to individuals and societies. For individuals, it undermines psychological well‑being and social adjustment, sometimes leading to extreme outcomes such as suicidal behavior. For societies, it weakens social cohesion and contributes to family and community instability. Drawing on both Islamic teachings and psychological research, this study explores the causes of bullying and proposes treatment strategies. From the Islamic perspective, bullying is prohibited as a form of harm and injustice, with remedies rooted in moral education, family guidance, and community responsibility (Jaafer, 2023; SeekersPath, 2024). From the psychological perspective, bullying is explained through individual traits, family dynamics, and social reinforcement, with interventions focusing on school programs, counseling, and policy measures (Olweus, 1994; Smith, 2004; Volk, Veenstra, & Espelage, 2014). This interdisciplinary approach highlights the need for integrated solutions that combine moral, spiritual, and scientific insights to address one of the most pressing challenges to mental health and social stability worldwide.
“Auditing Standards and Their Role in Financial Transparency”
Auditing standards play a crucial role in ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and transparency of financial information presented by organizations. In the modern business environment, stakeholders such as investors, creditors, regulators, and the public rely heavily on audited financial statements for decision-making and maintaining confidence in corporate governance. Auditing standards provide professional guidelines and principles that auditors must follow while examining financial records and reporting audit findings. the significance of auditing standards and their role in promoting financial transparency and accountability in business organizations. The concept, objectives, and evolution of auditing standards at both national and international levels. the role of standards issued by professional bodies such as the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India in maintaining consistency and quality in audit practices. Auditing standards establish procedures related to audit planning, evidence collection, risk assessment, internal control evaluation, and preparation of audit reports, thereby improving the reliability of financial statements.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Marketing Research in the Scopus Database (2016–2026)
The study aims to analyze the scientific literature on the topic of digital marketing using biometric analysis. This was during the period 2016-2026, when papers in the Scopus database were examined. 11,919 research papers were collected and 2,340 published articles were selected for analysis on the topic of digital marketing using the VOSviewer program for co-citation, co-presence and co-authorship. We found a development in publishing, as we noticed an increase in publishing during the period studied, as the United States of America led in publishing, and the specialization of business, management and accounting was in first place in terms of published scientific papers. The keyword digital marketing also topped the highest correlation strength, and Hong Kong University topped the list as the best active research institution on the subject.
“Sustainability Accounting and Environmental Reporting in Modern Businesses”
Sustainability accounting and environmental reporting have become increasingly important in modern business organizations due to growing concerns about environmental protection, social responsibility, and sustainable economic development. In the contemporary corporate environment, businesses are not only expected to achieve financial profitability but also to minimize environmental impact and contribute positively to society. Sustainability accounting provides a framework for measuring, analyzing, and reporting environmental, social, and economic performance, while environmental reporting ensures transparency regarding an organization’s environmental activities and sustainability initiatives. the role of sustainability accounting and environmental reporting in modern businesses and their contribution to responsible corporate governance and sustainable development. The concept, objectives, and significance of sustainability accounting in evaluating organizational environmental performance. how businesses use sustainability accounting practices to measure resource consumption, carbon emissions, waste management, energy efficiency, and environmental costs. Environmental reporting enables organizations to disclose sustainability-related information to stakeholders, including investors, customers, regulators, and the general public, thereby improving corporate transparency and accountability.
Building an Organisational Vigilance Culture: International Examples and Their Applicability to the Algerian Context
Organisational vigilance—the enduring, institutionalized ability of a collective to identify, analyze, and address emerging dangers prior to their escalation into crises—has emerged as a primary focus of modern management research. This essay analyzes the construction and maintenance of vigilance cultures in Singapore, France, Japan, and the United States, utilizing High-Reliability Organisation (HRO) theories, sensemaking frameworks, and institutional views. It subsequently inquires, with critical honesty rather than superficial prescription, the extent to which this worldwide experience is transferable to Algeria. The Algerian institutional framework, marked by an extensive public sector, a centralized administrative culture, a burgeoning private economy, and a geopolitical context that imposes significant security requirements on organisations, engenders both unique needs and specific limits. The analysis indicates that establishing a vigilance culture in Algeria necessitates a systematic method that commences with leadership commitment, progresses through the development of middle-management capabilities, and is finally integrated into regular professional practices rather than isolated training sessions. The article finishes with a research and policy agenda tailored to the Algerian environment.
“Cloud Accounting and Its Influence on Small and Medium Enterprises”
Cloud accounting has emerged as a significant technological advancement in the field of financial management and business accounting. With the rapid growth of digital technologies and internet-based services, businesses are increasingly shifting from traditional accounting systems to cloud-based accounting platforms. Cloud accounting refers to the use of online accounting software and cloud computing technology to store, process, and manage financial information through internet-connected systems. the concept of cloud accounting and analyzes its influence on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in terms of operational efficiency, cost management, accessibility, and business performance. cloud accounting provides several advantages to SMEs by offering real-time access to financial data, automated accounting functions, secure data storage, and improved collaboration among business stakeholders. Unlike traditional accounting systems that require expensive infrastructure and manual maintenance, cloud accounting systems operate on subscription-based models that are more affordable and flexible for small businesses. Features such as online invoicing, payroll management, financial reporting, inventory tracking, and tax management have significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of accounting operations in SMEs.