Revista Infoacceso, with ISSN 2311-7605, is a Peruvian journal on Science, Social Science, and related fields. It is published quarterly in April, August, and December. Revista Infoacceso publications are in electronic format and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution -NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Peru License (CC BY-NC-SA). The Journal accepts original empirical and theoretical works in Spanish & English that are related to Science, Social Science and related fields. Submissions from the Research Articles and Original Articles sections will be peer-reviewed and reviewed by the Panel of Referees; all other submissions will undergo a technical review process by the Editorial Board.
Smart Grids and Renewable Energy: Enhancing Grid Resilience and Sustainability through Technological Integration
Making sure the electricity system is reliable, efficient, and resilient is becoming more and more critical as the globe moves towards renewable energy. In the context of integrating renewable energy, smart grids—which combine sophisticated communication, automation, and control technologies—promise to provide an answer to these problems. Because of their unpredictability and dispersed nature, renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind, and solar pose a threat to conventional power systems. By boosting demand-response capabilities, optimising energy distribution, and easing the integration of various intermittent energy sources, smart grids can make networks more resilient and sustainable. the part played by smart grids in facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources, with an emphasis on the ways in which the incorporation of technology can enhance grid dependability, decrease energy losses, and provide control and monitoring in real-time. Smart grids also allow for the optimal use of dispersed energy supplies and increase grid resilience against interruptions like cyber threats and natural disasters. Learn how smart grids might help power systems run reliably and sustainably in a future when renewable energy is the norm by reading up on important technologies, looking at some case studies, and considering the possibilities for future improvements. Unlocking the full potential of renewable energy and creating a more robust, sustainable power system requires ongoing investment in smart grid infrastructure and technology innovation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Aarav Mehta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Examining the Impact of Tourism on Cultural Heritage Sites: A Case Study
Tourism plays a significant role in both the preservation and potential degradation of cultural heritage sites worldwide. This study examines the impact of tourism on [Specific Site], a renowned cultural heritage site, through a case study approach. Utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and site assessments, we assess the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental implications of tourism activities on [Specific Site]. Our findings reveal the complex relationship between tourism and cultural heritage conservation, highlighting both positive contributions, such as increased revenue and cultural exchange, and negative effects, such as overcrowding, infrastructure development, and environmental degradation. By identifying key challenges and opportunities, this research aims to inform sustainable tourism management strategies and policy interventions to balance the preservation of cultural heritage with the promotion of responsible tourism at [Specific Site] and similar sites worldwide.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies: Efficiency, Cost, and Sustainability
Improvements in battery technology are a major factor propelling the shift to EVs since they have a direct impact on the efficiency, affordability, and sustainability of EVs. top battery technologies for electric vehicles, with an emphasis on how well they work, how much they cost, and how little damage they do to the environment. a comparison of the pros and cons of several battery chemistries, including lithium-ion, solid-state, and alternative chemistries including sodium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries, with an emphasis on their performance metrics, manufacturing costs, and environmental implications. This study examines the role of battery technologies in the broad acceptance of electric vehicles and their capacity to fulfil future demands by examining present trends, technical advancements, and industry developments. the difficulties linked to various battery types, such as the acquisition of raw materials, recycling procedures, and the maintenance of the batteries over time. This study's comparative perspective sheds light on which battery technologies could hasten the shift to electric mobility while simultaneously resolving important economic and environmental issues. offering suggestions for how to enhance the performance of batteries while reducing their impact on the environment in further studies.
Administrative Reforms and Organizational Change: Lessons Learned from Successful Public Sector Transformations
Administrative reforms and organizational change are essential components of modernizing public sector institutions and enhancing their effectiveness, efficiency, and responsiveness to societal needs. administrative reforms and organizational change initiatives in the public sector, aiming to extract valuable lessons and insights for policymakers, administrators, and practitioners. Drawing on a review of literature and case studies, the paper explores the drivers, strategies, and outcomes of successful public sector transformations. It analyzes various dimensions of administrative reform, including structural changes, process improvements, technological advancements, and cultural shifts, and examines their impact on organizational performance and service delivery.
Blockchain Technology Beyond Cryptocurrencies: Applications in Supply Chain Management
Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin helped popularise blockchain technology, but now it's a potent instrument with uses beyond digital money. When it comes to blockchain's potential, supply chain management is one of the more encouraging applications. the revolutionary possibilities of blockchain technology to improve supply chain efficiency, traceability, and transparency. Distributed ledger technology (blockchain) allows for immutable, real-time product tracking, which in turn enhances inventory management accuracy and decreases the likelihood of fraud and mistakes. blockchain technology has many advantages that can improve supply chain operations. These include reducing intermediaries, simplifying processes, and increasing confidence among stakeholders. We go even farther by looking at actual use cases of blockchain technology in sectors like manufacturing, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. Scalability, integration with current systems, and regulatory concerns are still obstacles, despite its promise. the possible applications of blockchain technology in the future of supply chain management and the measures that will be required to overcome these obstacles, establishing blockchain as an essential tool for the transformation of supply networks around the world.
The Language of Life: Decoding the Transcriptome for Insights into Cellular Function and Dysfunction
"The Language of Life: Decoding the Transcriptome for Insights into Cellular Function and Dysfunction" explores the intricate world of the transcriptome, shedding light on how the dynamic landscape of RNA molecules provides crucial insights into cellular function and dysfunction. This paper delves into the fundamental principles of transcriptomics, revealing how the transcriptome serves as a rich source of information about gene expression patterns, regulatory networks, and molecular pathways underlying health and disease. The transcriptome encompasses the entire complement of RNA molecules within a cell, including messenger RNA (mRNA), non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and regulatory RNA species. By capturing the transcriptional activity of genes, the transcriptome provides a snapshot of the molecular processes occurring within cells, offering valuable clues about cellular identity, differentiation, and response to environmental cues. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies, coupled with sophisticated bioinformatics tools, have revolutionized our ability to interrogate the transcriptome with unprecedented depth and precision. Transcriptomic studies enable researchers to quantify gene expression levels, identify alternative splicing events, and uncover novel RNA species, unveiling the complexity of gene regulatory networks and cellular signaling pathways.the transcriptome serves as a powerful tool for studying cellular dysfunction in disease states, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Transcriptomic analyses have revealed dysregulated gene expression patterns in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic syndromes, providing opportunities for precision medicine and targeted therapies. the transcriptome serves as a dynamic interface between genotype and phenotype, bridging the gap between genetic variation and observable traits. By integrating transcriptomic data with genomic and proteomic information, researchers can unravel the complex interactions between genes, proteins, and cellular processes, unlocking new avenues for understanding disease etiology and designing personalized treatment strategies.
Trends and Developments in Electric Vehicle Technology
Electric cars, often known as EVs, have emerged as a potentially useful option to address environmental issues and reduce reliance on fossil fuels in the transportation industry. In this article, the most recent trends and breakthroughs in electric car technology, as well as market dynamics, environmental implications, governmental actions, and future possibilities, are discussed. In the section on technological improvements, we discuss recent breakthroughs in battery technology, electric motor efficiency, and the incorporation of characteristics that enable autonomous driving. The analysis of market trends and adoption patterns reveals the effect of government regulations, customer preferences, and economic incentives on the sales of electric vehicles and the market penetration of these vehicles among consumers. In addition, the study investigates the impact that policy initiatives and laws have in boosting the adoption of electric vehicles, finding successful incentive programmes and policy frameworks in the process. The growth of infrastructure is investigated, with a particular emphasis placed on the expansion of charging infrastructure as well as technological advancements in charging technology and the integration of smart grid functionality.
Marital imbalances during coronavirus pandemic "covid 19" - causes and consequences
The main purpose of this intervention is to learn about the facts related to the coronavirus pandemic - covid 19 - , and the priority is to know its effects on the marital institution. Because the global impact of the coronavirus pandemic is extremely widespread, and lot of people cannot separate the different aspects of their lives, psychological stress and illness caused by the coronavirus pandemic affect the other aspects of life, such as relationships at work, relationships in society in general, or relationships at home, and so the imbalances impact marriage, causing divorce and separation, abuse of children and spouse, or recourse to the courts to resolve conflicts, especially family ones.
Machine Learning Applications in Sustainable Finance: Enhancing ESG Risk Assessment and Credit Modeling
Sustainable finance has emerged as a pivotal force in modern financial markets, integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into investment and lending decisions. This article explores the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance ESG risk assessment and credit risk modeling within sustainable finance frameworks. Drawing on recent empirical studies and market data up to 2026, we demonstrate how ML outperforms traditional models in predicting ESG-driven risks and financial outcomes. Using a dataset of corporate bonds and equity returns, we present comparative performance metrics and a table illustrating model accuracies. Our findings reveal that ML models achieve up to 15% higher AUC scores in default prediction while incorporating ESG variables, underscoring their potential to drive transition finance and financial inclusion. This study contributes to the literature by bridging ML innovation with sustainable investing, offering practical implications for policymakers and financial institutions.
The Use of Neurolinguistics in Creating New Ways of Learning
Modern medical techniques offer many scientific services to education, among the most important of which is neuroscience, which has been able, thanks to high-resolution imaging techniques, to provide very detailed information about the processes of thinking and learning. Neurolinguistics utilizes these results to propose effective solutions to educational problems on one hand, and suggestions for the deliberate development of learning science on the other. This research paper proposes leveraging neuroscience to understand the characteristics and functioning of the brain in order to enhance learning outcomes. Three characteristics related to the brain's lifecycle, neural plasticity, and the relationship between the brain and the spinal cord have been selected.
A Critical Study of Law No. 22-13 on the Role of the Administrative Judge in the Protection of Human Rights and Public Liberties
The administrative judge ensures a balance between citizens and the administration by addressing its abuses. In Algeria, the 1996 constitutional amendment enhanced human rights protection and led to key reforms, including a dual judicial system and distinct civil and administrative procedures (Law 09-08). Law No. 22-13 further empowered the administrative judge to protect citizens from unjust decisions. The main challenge is balancing fundamental rights protection with sanctioning administrative abuses. This is particularly relevant within the context of recent judicial reforms.
The Human Gut Microbiome: A Key Player in Health and Disease
Host physiology, metabolic balance, and immunological homeostasis are fundamentally influenced by the billions of microbes that make up the human gut microbiome. New sequencing and metagenomic research has shown that the microbiome in our gut is not a helpless community but rather a dynamic regulator of our health, impacting processes including energy metabolism, immune system development, and food absorption. Systemic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders have been increasingly associated with dysbiosis, or imbalance in microbial composition, in recent years. GI disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer are among these. A growing body of research also points to the gut-brain axis as a medium for two-way communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, with microbial metabolites like neurotransmitter-like compounds and short-chain fatty acids potentially playing a role in regulating emotions, thoughts, and actions. Probiotics, prebiotics, nutritional manipulation, and fecal microbiota transplantation are some of the therapeutic approaches that have shown promise in re-establishing microbial balance and improving clinical outcomes, thanks to the gut microbiome's remarkable adaptability. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to overcome in order to define a "healthy" microbiome, account for diversity across individuals, and guarantee the effectiveness and safety of therapies that are based on the microbiome. highlighting the gut microbiome's potential as a diagnostic tool, a therapeutic target, and a foundation of precision medicine; and highlighting its varied involvement in health and illness.
The Aesthetics of Narrative in Sukardān al-Sulṭān
This study seeks to highlight the aesthetics of narrative in Sukardān al-Sulṭān by Ibn Abī Ḥajala al-Tilimsānī a book innovative in its subject and unique in its conception. Its central theme is the number seven, its distinctiveness, and its association with the region of Egypt. Through this work, its author succeeded in firmly establishing in readers’ minds the meaning he intended, by gathering under the sign of the number seven a wide array of information, reports, and stories that might otherwise have seemed disparate. He harmonized and unified them around this number. The study aims to uncover the aesthetic dimensions of al-Sukardān by tracing certain narrative mechanisms: the threshold of the title, space, time, and characters. It also examines aesthetic features found in classical Arabic narrative, including the marvelous (ʿajāʾibī) and the technique of narrative embedding.
Economic Review of Fishermen and Fish Processing Practices in Rajnandgaon’s Sheonath River
There are 1.64 million hectares of water accessible for fish farming in Chhattisgarh that need to be managed effectively for the benefit of the state's impoverished fishermen. In the Kabirdham district of Chhattisgarh, this research looked at the socioeconomic status of fishermen in two reservoirs, Saroda and Chhirapani, who rely entirely or in part on fishing for their livelihood. Small-scale fishers, fishing enterprises, and cooperatives in these reservoirs are evaluated in terms of socio-economic factors and success rates during the 2016-17 fishing season. A total of 83 fishermen from six distinct fishing communities were interviewed for the study. The majority of fisherman (38.6%) were found to be between the ages of 31 and 40, with bigger families (4-6). On both locations, 46.6% of fisherman lacked any formal education above the secondary level, while just 17% had a college degree or higher. Katcha (67 percent), semi-pucca (22) and pucca (22 percent) are the most common types of housing for fisherman (11 percent ). LO fisherman have an annual family income of Rs 1796-566888 on average, while LL fishermen make an annual household income of Rs 8407-36990 on average, both of which are far below the poverty line. The majority of LO farmers work in agriculture, with aquaculture as a supplementary source of income. Farmers and aquaculture workers make up the majority of LL fishermen's secondary professions. Fish farming has the potential to enhance a person's socioeconomic status.
Digital Drugs and Youth A study on Patterns, Prevalence, Psychological Impacts, and Prevention Mechanisms
This research paper focused on one of the most dangerous types of drugs, namely digital drugs, by addressing their psychological effects on the most important segment of society, which is the youth, who are its foundation and pillar, and a crucial part of its construction and development. Our attempt is to come up with the most important strategies and preventive methods to combat such scourges.
Emerging Trends in Supramolecular Chemistry for Drug Delivery Systems
A unique strategy for the development of novel drug delivery systems has arisen: supramolecular chemistry. This branch of chemistry studies the interplay between molecules in a non-covalent way. current state of the art in supramolecular chemistry, with an emphasis on its potential use in creating targeted, intelligent drug delivery systems. For regulated medication release, important developments include stimuli-responsive materials, self-assembly processes, and host-guest chemistry. The development of delivery vehicles that can improve bioavailability, decrease side effects, and precisely control drug release is being made possible by supramolecular systems including cyclodextrins, dendrimers, and cucurbiturils. Nanotechnology and supramolecular chemistry are combining to create new hybrid systems that can be more precisely targeted. Problems with stability, scalability, and getting regulatory permission still persist, despite the promising future of these innovations. what new possibilities for more efficient and tailored treatment methods are presented by these developing trends in the field of drug delivery.
The Manifesto of the 121: a declaration against colonial oppression
The manifesto of the 121 entitled Declaration on the Right to Insubordination in the Algerian War is a declaration written as a reaction to the repression exerted by the french government and army against revolutionaries and their French supporters during the Algerian war of liberation. It was signed by 121 French intellectuals and literary figures. In order to denounce colonial violence and proclaim the right to insubordination, the text became a symbol of freedom of conscience by helping to change the perception of the Algerian war. Although it does not have an imperative value, it remains a literary and historical text of political scope. It confirms individual and collective rights and serves as a living testimony, or an alert, regarding the cruelty of French colonial toward the Algerian people. It is a scholarly literary and historical work that demonstrates literature's contribution to the creation of norms governing human relations and protecting human rights.
Advancements in Earthquake-Resilient Structures: A Review of Recent Developments in Seismic Engineering
There is an urgent need for earthquake-resistant buildings since human populations are increasing in seismically active areas. Modern seismic engineering has brought new ideas to improve the performance, sustainability, and safety of structures in earthquake-prone regions. state-of-the-art in earthquake-resistant building technology, with an emphasis on cutting-edge materials, design methods, and technologies. Innovative structural systems, base isolators, energy-dissipating devices, and smart sensors are important subjects, as are sophisticated materials including shape-memory alloys, fiber-reinforced polymers, and high-strength concrete. incorporate computer tools and modelling approaches to improve the accuracy of structure behaviour predictions during seismic occurrences. thinking about how robust structures will perform in the long run and what effect they will have on the environment is an important part of earthquake engineering. Problems with cost, complexity, and uniformity persist despite advances. This study provides useful insights into the ongoing evolution of seismic engineering by analysing recent case studies and future trends. The goal is to create structures that are safer, more durable, and sustainable so they can survive the forces of nature.
Theoritical Insights into The Relationship between Translation and Linguistic Intelligence
Linguistic intelligence, theorized by Howard Gardner within the framework of multiple intelligences, has garnered increasing attention in translation studies, cognitive science, and applied linguistics. With the growing interdisciplinary nature of translation research in the 21st century, translation is no longer viewed as a mere mechanical transfer of linguistic forms, but rather as a complex cognitive activity reflecting the translator's integrated linguistic abilities. In this context, developing translation competence requires more than simply mastering two languages; it demands a sophisticated linguistic intelligence that fosters a profound sensitivity to nuances in vocabulary, grammatical variation, pragmatic meaning, and the organization of discourse across languages. This article emphasizes the importance of utilizing linguistic intelligence in the translation process, encompassing not only multilingual proficiency but also the advanced ability to navigate the cognitive, cultural, and contextual dimensions of interlingual translation.
The Use of Magic Realism in Latin American and English Literature
the literary mode of magic realism and its application to Latin American and English literature, specifically looking at how it deals with intricate cultural, social, and political issues by erasing the lines between reality and fantasy. Latin American literature has been defined by magic realism, which shows the region's cultural diversity and turbulent history via works by writers such as Gabriel García Márquez and Isabel Allende. This style is defined by the incorporation of supernatural elements into daily life. The magic realist works of English writers such as Salman Rushdie and Angela Carter, on the other hand, frequently deal with issues of colonialism, identity, and the relationship between myth and reality. Despite its unique roles in these two literary canons, magic realism ultimately seeks to subvert the reader's reality-view and probe the very foundations of what it is to be human. Through an examination of important works by García Márquez, Allende, Carter, and Rushdie, this study brings attention to the adaptability of magic realism in dealing with varied themes in different cultural settings. This paper argues that magic realism provides a dynamic lens through which Latin American and English literature can delve into the intricacies of history, identity, and the human experience by challenging conventional narratives.
Electronic Games and Their Impact on Social Relationships Among Adolescents: The Case of PUBG
The objective of this study was to find online electronic games and explore all effects on social relationships among adolescents. PUBG has been used as a case study. The virtual game named PUBG has been used as a representative model for electronic games based on its popularity among adolescents of various age groups. This study has been carried out on adolescents living in the city of El Oued. The study has descriptive-analytical characteristics, focusing on collecting as much information as possible about social realities and phenomena through field study. Simple Random Sampling has been used for collecting data from adolescents. Quantitative and qualitative tools, along with statistical methods, have also been used for collecting and analyzing data. The descriptive method has been used as an appropriate method for describing the phenomenon under study. The online questionnaire has been used for collecting data through Google Forms. The sample used for the study comprised adolescents aged between 12 and 20 years who engage in electronic gaming activities through the assistance of their mothers as mediators between the researchers and the participants. Percentage analysis was used for interpreting the results. The study revealed that the electronic game PUBG has both positive and negative effects on adolescents' social relationships in the city of El Oued, besides its psychological, physical, and social effects on the adolescent.
The Effect of a Proposed Training and Nutritional Program on Reducing Body Fat Percentage in Secondary School Students with Obesity
The present study focuses on determining the effect of physical activity combined with a healthy nutritional regimen on obese adolescents through the design and implementation of a sports program accompanied by a dietary program. The study aims to identify the nature of the impact of the sport–nutrition program on body fat percentage and certain physiological variables (cholesterol and triglycerides), in addition to anthropometric measurements. It also aims to examine the correlational relationship between body fat percentage and the physiological variables under investigation. To achieve the research objectives, it was hypothesized that statistically significant differences exist between body fat percentage and the physiological variables studied. The research sample consisted of 10 male students diagnosed with obesity, selected purposively from Ahmed Zahane Secondary School in the municipality of Arib, Ain Defla Province, aged between 16 and 18 years. Regarding the study methodology, an experimental approach was adopted using a single group with a pre-test and post-test design. The following tests were conducted: anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and body circumferences) and laboratory blood analyses to measure total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The statistical methods used included the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the t-test to determine differences. The results revealed a correlational relationship and statistically significant differences between body fat percentage and the physiological variables studied.
Analysis of Adaptive Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Cases at the Espérance Association of Akbou, Bejaïa
This study examines adaptive behavior in four children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), aged 6 to 10 years, receiving follow-up care at the Espérance Association of Akbou (Béjaïa, Algeria). It assesses the impact of individualized interventions, particularly ABA and TEACCH programs, on their autonomy, communication, and socialization skills. Autism, defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors, often hinders adaptive behavior, including sensorimotor abilities, daily living skills, and reasoning. The general hypothesis posits that care provided within the association promotes the children’s development, while the partial hypotheses focus on improving autonomy and communication and reducing maladaptive behaviors. The study adopts a clinical case-study method using semi-structured interviews with parents and the Quebec Adaptive Behavior Scale (QABS), completed by close caregivers. The QABS assesses adaptive domains (score range: 0–450, from profound to mild impairment) and maladaptive domains (score range: 0–297, from profound to mild impairment). The investigation was conducted in 2025. The findings indicate that multidisciplinary care involving psychologists, speech therapists, and educators significantly improves adaptive behavior, thereby confirming the general hypothesis. Early intervention and family involvement are essential to promoting autonomy and social inclusion among children with ASD.
The Reality Of Corporate Governance Practices In Family Companies: A Case Study Of Some Family Companies In The Arab World
This research paper aims to highlight the role of corporate governance practices in improving performance and economic growth, as well as in overcoming some of the obstacles faced by family companies in certain Arab countries. The study demonstrates that the governance practices implemented in these companies have yielded positive results in terms of performance and economic growth. The case studies presented in this article illustrate that corporate governance in these firms is not based on a one-size-fits-all approach. Rather, the companies discussed here have adopted a gradual and distinctive approach, focusing on corporate governance improvements that are highly applicable while remaining suitable for their size, industry, market, ownership structure, and strategy. The study also shows that these companies laid the foundation for ongoing improvements by persuading key stakeholders. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how these core governance principles can be translated into practical application and a deeply rooted culture that enables tangible results. In other words, the findings of the case studies presented in this research paper show that corporate governance practices were examined from a practical, real-world perspective, rather than a purely academic or theoretical viewpoint.
Epigenetic Modifications and Their Role in Cancer Progression
Important epigenetic alterations that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequence include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA regulation. By impacting oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene silencing, these alterations are being more and more acknowledged as critical drivers of tumor genesis, development, and metastasis in cancer biology. Genomic instability and unchecked cell proliferation are caused by aberrant DNA methylation patterns, which include promoter-specific hypermethylation and global hypomethylation. Similarly, a malignant environment can be established through histone changes like as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, which change the structure of chromatin and affect transcriptional activity. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in particular, shape cancer progression by regulating pathways that control cell cycle, apoptosis, and invasion. Epigenetic medicines, including inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase, have demonstrated promise in clinical settings, and the reversible character of epigenetic alterations has opened new pathways for therapeutic intervention.
When the Film Wounds Memory, Not Reality: A Semiotic Reading of Wim Wenders' The State of Things (1982)
This paper advances an original critical thesis: that Wim Wenders' The State of Things (Der Stand der Dinge, 1982) does not represent the death of cinema, as the prevailing critical discourse maintains, but rather inaugurates what this study terms "Visual Memory Cinema" — a cinematic form that produces its meaning inside the spectator rather than outside, through the activation, wounding, and reconstruction of accumulated cinematographic memory. The study employs a dual semiotic framework: Roland Barthes' concepts of the punctum, the third meaning, and the death of the author, alongside Umberto Eco's theories of the open work and the visual encyclopaedia. This framework is proposed as a productive alternative to the realist framework adopted by Lúcia Nagib, who reads the film from the outside — through locations, materiality, and apparatus — rather than from within — through spectatorial agency, memory, and meaning production. The analysis demonstrates that the film's celebrated final image of a camera continuing to roll after its operator's death is not a figure for the death of cinema, but the precise visual embodiment of Barthes' "death of the author": the erasure of directorial authority that liberates the spectator as the genuine and sole producer of cinematic meaning. The paper concludes by proposing "Visual Memory Cinema" as a critical concept applicable beyond Wenders to other cinematographic traditions — including North African and Maghrebi cinema — where the tension between colonial visual memory and reclaimed national identity constitutes a structuring force.
The impact of urbanization on agricultural land use and food production in urban areas
Both directly in the form of land take and indirectly through the use of agricultural land for non-productive rural activities like recreation, horse keeping, or hobby farming, urbanisation leads to a continuous loss of agricultural land. This loss can be broken down into two categories: direct and indirect. Farmers are placed under stress as a result of urbanisation processes, which also make farming operations more difficult as a result of less agricultural land, negative externalities, and increased competition for land. An agricultural agent-based model was linked with spatially explicit urbanisation scenarios and various agricultural subsidy policies for the case study of Belgium in order to forecast probable changes in the future. The purpose of this research was to look at Belgium. As a consequence of an ageing agricultural population and low succession rates, simulations through 2035 indicated a continual reduction in the number of farmers in all scenarios; this trend will continue for as long as not every farmer who stops his activities is replaced with another farmer who takes his place. The findings also indicated that the rural-urban periphery is likely to experience reductions at a rate that is greater than the national average. The connection between urbanisation and agricultural practises is investigated here. There have been major shifts in land usage as a result of the huge migrations that have occurred in the United States from rural regions to urban areas. Even though more land is being developed for urban purposes, this trend has very little impact on overall agricultural output. As agricultural services have shifted to the city, the technological revolution of agriculture has had considerably broader implications and has acted as a push-pull on the flow of people into the city. Energy and chemical fertilisers are increasingly sourced from metropolitan centres, and a significant portion of the labour force in agriculture comes from urban areas. Because of the significant increases in yields both per acre and each farm worker, the requirements for agricultural goods are now completely satisfied. As a result of urbanisation and increased purchasing power, Americans have risen up the food chain. The demand for costly animal products is expected to increase.
Analyzing the Relationship between the Division of Labor and Total Quality in the Industrial Organization from a Durkheimian Perspective
This study examines the relationship between division of labor and Total Quality Management (TQM) in industrial organizations from the sociological perspective of Émile Durkheim. It argues that division of labor is not merely a technical tool for increasing productivity, but a social structure shaping roles, authority, and organizational cohesion. TQM, in contrast, represents a managerial philosophy based on horizontal cooperation, integration, and continuous improvement. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of relevant sociological and managerial literature. Findings indicate that successful TQM implementation depends on balancing specialization with effective coordination among units. Excessive specialization may lead to organizational anomie and weaken quality systems. The study concludes that a balanced integration of labor division and TQM enhances performance and competitiveness in industrial organizations.
Evolving Jurisprudence on Same-Sex Marriages: A Comparative Study of India and Western Democracies
Human rights, cultural traditions, and democratic norms have interacted to make same-sex marriages one of the most contentious and transformational problems in constitutional jurisprudence. Comparative analysis of same-sex marriage law in India and chosen Western democracies like the US, Canada, and the EU. Progressive judicial pronouncements and legislative reforms like Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) in the US and the Civil Marriage Act (2005) in Canada have helped many Western jurisdictions recognize same-sex unions, but India still struggles with equality, dignity, and social morality. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018), the Supreme Court of India's landmark ruling that decriminalized consensual same-sex relations by striking down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, established LGBTQ+ rights in India but left marriage equality unresolved. how constitutional, socio-cultural, and judicial frameworks affect same-sex marriage recognition. The paper contrasts India's cautious judicial approach with Western courts' aggressive approach to show the conflicts between tradition and modernization, individual autonomy and society standards, and judicial interpretation and legislative accountability. The Indian judiciary has advanced LGBTQ+ rights, but marriage equality will likely require a delicate balance between constitutional morality, democratic desire, and cultural acceptability. how India might learn from global experiences while respecting its socio-legal environment to achieve inclusion.
Sufi Orders between Spiritual Function and Political Ideology – A Content Analysis of Television Programs on Arab Channels – A Video on Sufism – A Field Study
Islam, as a divine religion whose sacred book, the Qur’an, is considered infallible, has been subjected to numerous strategies aimed at transforming it from a divine religion into a human-made construct designed to serve the interests and objectives of non-Muslim states. Intellectual manipulation under the guise of political policies and strategies has been one of the most effective means to achieve these goals. But who is the target of such manipulation? It is primarily those characterized by weak religiosity, who pursue self-fulfillment and personal interests under the name of Islam, while seeking alternatives and justifications when these underlying interests and objectives are not achieved. Sufi orders have been regarded as one of the most significant instruments in building this “new religion,” despite their positive doctrinal and spiritual meaning for a minority. This is because a considerable proportion of their followers approach Sufism itself as a method of belief based on a misunderstanding of its true nature. Consequently, it became easy to use them as instruments to achieve external objectives directed against the Islamic religion.
Machine Learning Algorithms and Their Mathematical Foundations
Data analysis, automation, and AI have all been propelled forward by machine learning, a field that has recently arisen as a game-changer in the fields of computer science, statistics, and applied mathematics. Rigid mathematical principles underpin machine learning and offer theoretical support while also facilitating efficient algorithmic design. the mathematical underpinnings of important classes of machine learning algorithms, including as deep learning, reinforcement learning, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning. To comprehend the behavior, generalization, and convergence of algorithms, one must have a solid grounding in calculus, optimization, probability theory, linear algebra, and other basic mathematical ideas. Mathematical frameworks influence the performance and functionality of commonly used algorithms. Examples include neural networks, decision trees, logistic and linear regression, support vector machines, clustering approaches, and decision trees. Methods for improving the scalability and robustness of models using regularization, kernels, and gradient-based optimization. The power of machine learning comes from its capacity to bridge the gap between theory and practice, which results in innovative computing and the mathematical rigor necessary to guarantee accuracy, interpretability, and reliability in a wide range of areas.
Criminal Liability of Parents for the Offense of Emotional Neglect of Children Resulting from Social Media Addiction
This study examines the legal challenges raised by parents’ addiction to social media and its impact on the child’s right to emotional care. The analysis is conducted in light of the Algerian Penal Code and Law No. 15-12 on Child Protection. The article aims to frame the phenomenon of parents’ “digital mental absence” as a new form of emotional neglect. This approach goes beyond the traditional understanding of neglect, which usually focuses on material needs such as food, clothing, and housing. The main research problem concerns whether the current punitive provisions can adequately cover the material element of this conduct. The issue becomes more complex because psychological harm is often intangible and difficult to prove. Using a comparative analytical method, the study concludes that the Algerian legal system provides general protection for children in situations of danger, particularly under Article 11 of Law 15-12. However, it lacks precise procedural mechanisms to identify and regulate what may be described as parents’ digital neglect. The study recommends strengthening the role of psychological and social expertise as an essential means of proof. It also suggests introducing digital behavioral rehabilitation among judicial protection measures in order to reduce the effects of this silent form of harm.
Exploring the Sources of Medieval and Modern Indian Economic History: A Comprehensive Inquiry
This study provides a thorough investigation into the diverse sources that illuminate the economic history of medieval and modern India. By examining a wide array of primary and secondary sources including historical texts, archaeological findings, economic literature, and archival records, the research aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the economic dynamics shaping Indian society across different epochs. Through meticulous analysis and synthesis of these sources, the study seeks to uncover the underlying socio-economic factors, trade patterns, agrarian systems, and technological advancements that influenced India's economic trajectory over centuries. By shedding light on the richness and complexity of India's economic past, this inquiry contributes to a deeper appreciation of its historical development and contemporary economic challenges
An Analytical Study of a Sample of Arab Research and Studies on the Use of the Metacognitive Strategy S.Q.3.R
The present study relies on the descriptive-analytical approach to analyze a number of Arab studies published between 2016 and 2023, employing statistical indicators to examine the metacognitive strategy. A purposive sample of studies was selected based on specific scientific criteria in order to apply the extracted indicators using statistical tools. The researcher examined 45 studies, including doctoral and master's theses as well as scientific articles that align with the questions raised in the study.
Role of Sleep Quality in Maintaining Health and Well-Being
Sleep quality is a fundamental component of overall health and well-being, influencing physical functioning, mental health, and emotional stability. Adequate and restful sleep supports vital physiological processes such as tissue repair, immune regulation, metabolic balance, and cognitive functioning. the role of sleep quality in maintaining health and well-being, emphasizing its impact on physical health outcomes, psychological resilience, and quality of life. Poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation are associated with increased risk of chronic conditions including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, anxiety, and depression. factors affecting sleep quality, such as lifestyle habits, stress, technology use, and work patterns. It also discusses the importance of healthy sleep practices as a preventive strategy for improving overall health. maintaining good sleep quality is essential for sustaining long-term physical and mental well-being and should be recognized as a key pillar of a healthy lifestyle.
The Doctrines of the Theologians on Majāz and Their Impact on Arabic Rhetoric and the Interpretation of the Divine Names and Attributes
Scholars of kalām devoted considerable attention to the study of majāz (figurative expression) in their writings and debates. Indeed, they were at the forefront in employing it in its technical sense as the counterpart (qasīm) of literal meaning (ḥaqīqah). What prompted this profound engagement was their involvement in discussions of Qur’anic inimitability (iʿjāz) and in theological questions pertaining to creed and divine unity—particularly the investigations related to the Divine Names and Attributes, exalted and majestic, and their interpretation in the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him). The outcome of these extended debates and sustained dialectical exchanges was the emergence of various sects and doctrinal orientations that made a significant contribution to the theoretical foundations of Arabic rhetoric and eloquence. Through their analyses and evidentiary arguments, they enriched its disciplines and produced important works from which scholars of rhetoric and legal theory drew extensively. In this research paper, we shall attempt to shed light on the principal views of theologians and their doctrinal positions regarding majāz, as well as their impact on interpreting the texts concerning the Divine Names and Attributes. This will be accomplished by selecting representative examples from among the many available, presenting them to researchers in a manner that clarifies the objective and fulfills the intended purpose.
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Their Influence on Health Outcomes
Nutrition and physical activity are fundamental determinants of health outcomes and play a vital role in the prevention and management of both physical and mental health conditions. Balanced nutrition provides essential nutrients required for growth, immune function, and metabolic regulation, while regular physical activity supports cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, and overall physiological functioning. the combined influence of nutrition and physical activity on health outcomes, emphasizing their role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and certain mental health conditions. The interaction between dietary habits and physical activity levels is highlighted, showing how unhealthy diets coupled with sedentary lifestyles contribute to adverse health outcomes. Conversely, adequate nutrition and regular exercise promote longevity, enhance mental well-being, and improve quality of life. The importance of integrated lifestyle interventions that focus on both nutrition and physical activity as key strategies for achieving optimal health outcomes and preventing lifestyle-related diseases.
The Impact of Digital Technology on Tax Intake in Algeria : An Econometric Analysis (2014–2024)
This study investigates the impact of Digital Technology on tax intake in Algeria during the period 2014–2024. The theoretical framework reviews the key concepts related to the study variables, namely digitization and tax intake. An empirical econometric analysis was conducted using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, which allows the examination of both short- and long-run dynamic relationships among variables. Tax intake was used as the dependent variable, while Digital Technology was measured through several indicators, including the number of automated machines, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage index, and the number of hours required to pay taxes. Economic growth, total tax intake, and petroleum tax intake were also included as control variables. The findings reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between Digital Technology and tax intake in both the short and long run, except for the tax payment hours indicator in the long run. Moreover, the Error Correction Model (ECM) coefficient is negative and significant (–0.42), indicating that about 42% of short-run disequilibria adjust annually toward the long-run equilibrium. These results highlight the crucial role of Digital Technology in strengthening tax intake and supporting fiscal sustainability in Algeria.
Earnings Management Practices and Their Impact on Financial Reporting Quality
Earnings management has remained a central issue in accounting research due to its significant implications for the credibility of financial reporting. This study examines the nature, motivations, and consequences of earnings management practices and evaluates their impact on financial reporting quality. Drawing on both accrual-based and real activity manipulation frameworks, the research explores how managerial discretion in financial reporting can influence the reliability, transparency, and comparability of financial statements. The underlying incentives driving earnings management, including pressure to meet market expectations, contractual obligations, compensation structures, and regulatory considerations. It further assesses the role of corporate governance mechanisms, audit quality, and internal controls in constraining opportunistic reporting behavior. By reviewing empirical findings and theoretical perspectives, the paper highlights the distinction between opportunistic earnings management and informative signaling, emphasizing the conditions under which managerial discretion may either impair or enhance reporting quality.
Digital Branding and Online Reputation Enhancement in An Algerian Enterprise A Case Study of Condor Electronics
With intensified competition in domestic and global markets, branding and online reputation have become strategic intangible assets. Brand identity shapes consumer positioning and competitive differentiation, while online reputation reflects platform-mediated trust and engagement. This study aims to analyze Condor Electronics’ digital branding strategies and their role in strengthening its online reputation. It applies a descriptive-analytical, case-study design and examines 2,847 digital posts. The findings indicate that Condor’s digital strategy is effective in consolidating brand strength.
The Role of Machine Learning Algorithms in Enhancing Cybersecurity Threat Detection
Traditional cybersecurity measures are becoming more ineffective in dealing with the ever-changing nature of cyber threats, which are both more complex and larger in scale. how crucial ML algorithms are for bettering cybersecurity threat identification and response. Machine learning allows for the rapid and precise identification of malicious activity by harnessing the power of data-driven models. It can recognise intricate patterns in network traffic, user behaviour, and attack fingerprints. several machine learning (ML) methods, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, and evaluate their use in IDS, anomaly detection, malware analysis, and phishing prevention. The benefits of ML in automating threat detection procedures, better response times, and less false positives. Data quality, algorithmic transparency, and adversarial assaults are some of the issues it covers as they pertain to ML algorithm integration into cybersecurity frameworks. the ability of machine learning to revolutionise cybersecurity, while simultaneously tackling the necessity of ongoing innovation to evade new dangers.
The Phenomenological Method: An Overview of Contemporary Approaches
This study provides an overview of contemporary approaches to the phenomenological method and its development in modern philosophical and social thought. Phenomenology, originally formulated by Edmund Husserl, aimed to analyze lived experience and the intentional structures that make meaning possible. Over time, this philosophical method evolved through several new directions that expanded its analytical scope. The study highlights the contribution of Alfred Schütz, who developed social phenomenology by applying Husserl’s concepts to the analysis of social action and the lived world, emphasizing how meaning emerges through intersubjective interaction. It also examines the work of Don Ihde, whose post-phenomenology investigates the mediating role of technology in shaping human perception, knowledge, and everyday experience. Another important perspective is presented by Giorgio Agamben, who proposes a linguistic or philological phenomenology that focuses on language as the condition through which existence and meaning become possible. In addition, the philosophy of Bernard Stiegler introduces technogenetic phenomenology, arguing that technology is not merely a tool but a fundamental structure that shapes memory, attention, temporality, and human individuation. Overall, the article demonstrates that contemporary phenomenology is a dynamic and multidisciplinary framework for understanding human experience, social reality, language, and technological transformations in the modern world.
Grid Integration Challenges of Large-Scale Electric Vehicle Deployment
The rapid expansion of electric vehicle (EV) adoption is reshaping power systems worldwide, introducing both opportunities and complex operational challenges for electricity grids. As large-scale EV deployment accelerates under decarbonization targets and transport electrification policies, distribution networks face increasing pressure from concentrated charging demand, peak load amplification, voltage instability, and transformer overloading. Uncoordinated charging behavior, particularly during evening peak hours, can intensify demand fluctuations and strain aging infrastructure, especially in urban and high-density residential areas. the principal grid integration challenges associated with widespread EV penetration, including load forecasting uncertainties, distribution-level congestion, harmonic distortions from power electronics, and the need for advanced metering and communication systems. It further evaluates the implications for grid reliability, frequency regulation, and renewable energy integration. While EVs can exacerbate peak demand, they also present significant flexibility potential through smart charging, demand response mechanisms, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies.
Turning Points in Arabic Grammar: Abū ʿUthmān al-Māzinī as a Case Study
This study aims to outline a conceptual curve illustrating the emergence and development of Arabic grammar. It highlights a matter of great importance in grounding grammatical thought: identifying the turning points between one stage and another. Since the full scope of this idea exceeds the limits of this paper, the discussion is restricted to a significant turning point in Arabic grammar that separates two important phases: the phase of maturity and differentiation, and the phase of authorship and systematic composition. This will be examined through the scholarly figure of the grammarian Abū ʿUthmān al-Māzinī. The study also points to al-Māzinī’s distinctive perspective regarding Qurʾānic readings as well as some of his grammatical views scattered throughout well-known grammatical works.
Advances in Quantum Optomechanics: Controlling Light-Matter Interactions at the Quantum Level
The quantum level interaction between light and mechanical systems has become a cutting-edge research with broad implications for fundamental physics, quantum information processing, and sensing. Quantum optomechanical systems allow for the precise control and modulation of light-matter interactions by coupling photons with mechanical resonators. Novel approaches to the manipulation of light and matter quantum states have been made possible by recent developments in the fabrication of ultra-sensitive mechanical devices and the achievement of strong coupling regimes. the most recent advancements in quantum optomechanics, such as the realization of non-classical states of light and mechanical motion, the improvement of quantum coherence, and the cooling of mechanical systems to their quantum ground state. possible uses in quantum memory, extremely accurate measurement systems, and basic quantum mechanical experiments. In order to create more reliable and scalable quantum networks, the study concludes by outlining potential future avenues for combining quantum optomechanical systems with other quantum technologies.
Business Incubator as an Effective Mechanism for Attracting Student Projects “Tamanrasset University as a Model”
In this research paper, we address the stereotypical status of the university as a key driver of economic development, based on the prospects of this university, which are evident through its specializations and research fields, as well as the geographical region. Tamanrasset University has features and characteristics both unique and similar to other national universities. Given its location in the southeastern Algeria, it provides scientific outputs in line with the development requirements of the region. This burden falls on the university's business incubator, which seeks to attract and bring in people with ideas and student projects and create startups capable of generating wealth and job opportunities for youth. This vision is based on embodying the startup approach through practical mechanisms, apparent by establishing an integrated ecosystem that links specialized university laboratories (mainly in fields such as renewable energies and electronics technology) with the labor market. This ecosystem includes specialized business incubators, technical and administrative support programs, and facilitating innovators' access to initial funding and intellectual property protection, always in accordance with local market needs in attempt to create added value that encourages the development and prosperity of Intra-regional trade with neighboring countries.
Exploring Quantum Entanglement: Implications for Quantum Computing and Cryptography
A key phenomenon in quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement happens when particles become entangled to the point where, regardless of their distance from one another, the state of one particle instantly affects the state of another. the effects of quantum entanglement on two crucial domains: quantum cryptography and quantum computing. Entanglement is a vital resource in quantum computing that boosts processing power above and beyond what is possible with classical computing, allowing the creation of quantum algorithms that more effectively tackle challenging issues. the use of entangled states in quantum circuits and gates, emphasizing new developments in quantum algorithms like Grover's and Shor's algorithms. Entanglement is the foundation of secure communication protocols like Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in the field of quantum cryptography. the fundamentals of QKD and how entangled states can prevent eavesdropping on information being transferred, demonstrating its promise to transform secure communication in the digital age.
The Role of the Court of Conflicts in Preserving the Rules of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction
The Court of Conflicts is considered a judicial body aimed at resolving conflicts of jurisdiction between the judicial bodies of the ordinary judicial system and those of the administrative judicial system. It was established pursuant to paragraph four of Article 152 of the 1996 Constitution, which stipulates that a Court of Conflicts shall be established to rule on conflicts of subject-matter jurisdiction between the Council of State and the Supreme Court. The same wording remained until the constitutional amendment of 2020 in Article 179, paragraph four, which stipulates that the Court of Conflicts shall decide on cases of conflict of jurisdiction between the ordinary judiciary and the bodies of the administrative judiciary. This was also provided for in Organic Law No. 98/03 relating to the competencies, organization, and functioning of the Court of Conflicts, as amended and supplemented, where Article 3 states: “The Court of Conflicts shall have jurisdiction over disputes of jurisdiction between the judicial bodies subject to the ordinary judicial system and the judicial bodies subject to the administrative system.” Subsequently, Organic Law No. 25/13 amending and supplementing Law 98/03 was issued, adopting the same wording.
Nanomaterials in Photovoltaics: Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiency Through Quantum Effects
Recent years have seen tremendous progress in photovoltaics, with nanomaterials playing an increasingly important role in improving solar cells' efficiency. These materials have the ability to improve light absorption, charge carrier mobility, and the development of new energy conversion processes due to their unique quantum features, which set them apart from standard bulk materials. emphasis on the quantum effects of nanomaterials and how they can be used to improve the efficiency of solar cells, in order to circumvent the limits of photovoltaic technology that are already in place. The potential of important nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, nanowires, and two-dimensional materials, to improve photogenerated current, light harvesting by means of multiple exciton generation, and energy band alignment is examined. Furthermore, there are difficulties in incorporating these materials into affordable and scalable solar cell devices. The current state of nanomaterial-based photovoltaic research and looking ahead to the possibility of developing solar cells with increased efficiency; this development would greatly aid in the worldwide shift towards renewable energy sources.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Scientific Research in Algeria: Advantages and Limits
The rapid diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into academic and research environments has emerged as a transformative phenomenon across global higher education systems. Algeria, endowed with substantial human capital and over one hundred public universities, faces both considerable opportunities and significant structural challenges in leveraging these technologies to advance its national scientific research agenda. This article provides a conceptual and contextual analysis of the advantages and limits of AI tool usage in Algerian university research as of 2025. Drawing on secondary literature, national policy documents, and recent studies on technology adoption in developing-country academic contexts, the study identifies seven principal advantage domains including acceleration of data analysis, optimization of sector-specific research, enhancement of healthcare research, and strengthening of international collaboration and analyses four categories of structural limitations: fragile digital infrastructure, shortage of qualified human resources, absence of clear ethical and legal frameworks, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The article further documents the current state of AI integration in Algerian universities, including governmental initiatives and their gaps, and concludes with a set of evidence-informed policy recommendations for national authorities and institutional leaders.
The Role of Play Therapy in Treating Childhood Behavioral Disorders
Play therapy has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic approach in addressing childhood behavioral disorders. This paper examines the role of play therapy in treating various behavioral disorders in children, including its mechanisms, effectiveness, and implications for practice. Through a review of existing literature and case studies, this paper explores how play therapy facilitates emotional expression, coping mechanisms, and behavioral change in children. The findings suggest that play therapy is a valuable tool in the therapeutic process, particularly for children who may struggle with verbal communication.
International Mechanisms for the Protection of Freedom of Expression
Freedom of expression was not offered on a silver platter; rather, it came after great suffering and struggle carried out by philosophers and free people around the world against their ruling authorities. For this reason, freedom of expression gained wide resonance after the end of the First World War and became an international matter, after previously being regarded as a domestic issue under the principle of state sovereignty. After the end of the Second World War, the United Nations was established, which worked on issuing declarations, covenants, and conventions and created international mechanisms that effectively contributed to the protection of freedom of expression at the international level.
Comparative Study of Amphibian Population Decline and Environmental Stress Factors
Amphibians are among the most threatened vertebrate groups globally, with widespread population declines reported across diverse geographic regions. Their permeable skin, biphasic life cycle, and reliance on both aquatic and terrestrial habitats make them particularly sensitive to environmental changes. a comparative analysis of amphibian population decline in relation to key environmental stress factors, including habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, emerging infectious diseases, and invasive species. Data compiled from long-term field surveys and ecological assessments reveal that habitat fragmentation and wetland degradation remain primary drivers of population loss. Agricultural expansion, urbanization, and deforestation have significantly reduced breeding sites and disrupted migratory pathways. Climate variability, including altered rainfall patterns and temperature fluctuations, further affects reproductive timing, larval development, and survival rates. In addition, contamination from pesticides, heavy metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals has been linked to developmental abnormalities and reduced immune competence. Emerging infectious diseases, particularly chytridiomycosis caused by fungal pathogens, have contributed to rapid declines in several species, especially in high-altitude and tropical regions. The interaction between disease dynamics and environmental stress appears to intensify mortality rates. Comparative evaluation indicates that species with restricted geographic ranges and specialized habitat requirements are at greater risk than generalist species. the multifactorial nature of amphibian declines and emphasize the need for integrated conservation strategies. Habitat restoration, pollution control, disease monitoring, and climate adaptation measures are essential to mitigate further biodiversity loss. Understanding the combined effects of environmental stressors is crucial for preserving amphibian diversity and maintaining ecosystem stability.
Strategy of Rural Development in Algeria: Applied Models and Future Challenges
Rural development stands as a prominent area of interest among researchers from various social, political, and administrative fields. Contemporary governments increasingly anchor their general policies in the success of this developmental paradigm, and Algeria is no exception to this trend. Accordingly, this study seeks to analyze and assess the rural development policy strategy implemented in Algeria at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The approach involves examining the conceptual framework of rural development and its related notions and representations. Additionally, the trajectory of rural development policies within the Algerian context will be presented as the first area of inquiry. The subsequent section is dedicated to a detailed analysis and evaluation of the results achieved by various rural development programs established by the state, with particular attention to the factors and indicators that determine the success of these strategies. The analysis covers the achievement of developmental and social objectives, economic and agricultural vitality across different sectors, and environmental considerations, while also respecting the geographical and demographic potential and the distinctive characteristics of each rural region. It further explores the contribution of these policies to improving the living standards of rural inhabitants and promoting their continued residence in these areas. Algeria has centered its national development strategy on promoting stability and supporting rural growth by curbing rural exodus and preventing the abandonment of agricultural lands, especially during the period known as the “black decade.” This strategy also encompasses job creation, the achievement of security and self-sufficiency through family-based economies, and particular emphasis on the role of rural women. Moreover, it aims to ease urban pressures and make a significant contribution to macroeconomic balance. Ultimately, these efforts strengthen the social and economic stability of rural communities and foster a harmonious and complementary relationship between urban and rural settings.
Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change: Sustainable Solutions for Protecting Endangered Species
As a result of changing ecosystems, increasing temperatures, and the loss of habitat, many species are in danger of extinction, making biodiversity conservation an urgent need. long-term approaches to preserving species at risk from climate change, with an emphasis on repairing ecosystems, safeguarding habitats, and incorporating climate-resilient tactics into preservation initiatives. The establishment of wildlife corridors, the use of adaptive management strategies, and the protection of vital ecosystems like coral reefs, wetlands, and forests are important methods. conservation efforts that have been effective and highlight the significance of local and worldwide cooperation among indigenous people, NGOs, and governments. preserving ecosystem health and ensuring the survival of endangered species requires proactive conservation efforts that adapt to climate change. Protecting species and ensuring ecological stability and resilience in the face of climate change are all said to necessitate sustainable biodiversity conservation.
Miserliness between Reality and Imagination in the Arab Literary Heritage
Miserliness is a social phenomenon known to peoples since ancient times. Although the Arab has long taken pride in generosity and liberality, he has never ceased to recognize miserliness and to satirize misers. Islamic law reinforced the value of generosity and condemned miserliness, which further strengthened the Arabs’ attachment to liberality. However, the intermingling of different peoples within the Islamic state contributed to its spread. The Arab literary heritage has preserved numerous accounts, anecdotes, and poems about misers across the ages in books of reports and literary encyclopedias. Al-Jahiz, in particular, presented miserliness in a narrative form, especially from the perspective of realistic documentation. As for the corpus of Arabic poetry, it abounds in poetic images based on exaggeration, often supported with satirical humor.
The Science of Endurance: Analyzing Training Strategies for Long-Distance Athletes
Endurance performance is a critical aspect of long-distance sports, requiring a combination of physiological adaptations, strategic training, and proper recovery. This paper examines endurance training strategies that optimize performance in long-distance athletes, including aerobic conditioning, interval training, and periodization. Additionally, it explores the role of nutrition, hydration, and psychological resilience in sustaining peak performance. The findings suggest that a structured and scientifically informed training approach significantly enhances endurance capacity and overall athletic success.
Machine Translationas An Educational Tool: Opportunities and Challenges for Learning Arabi As a Foriegen Language
In this research paper, we seek to shed light on one of the modern educational tools that learners of foreign languages in this era have come to refer to in their language acquisition journey, namely machine translation, by addressing it as an aid in promoting the learning of foreign languages in general and the Arabic language for non-Arabs in particular, by identifying and monitoring the extent of its potential to be an aid to learning the Arabic language with its unique characteristics, as well as monitoring the challenges that non-Arab learners may face when learning Arabic language through this tool, hence the central issue: to what extent can machine translation be relied upon in teaching languages in general and the Arabic language in particular? What are the possibilities that users of machine translation take advantage of for the purpose of learning Arabic and what challenges they face when doing so?
Conservation Genetics of Endangered Mammalian Species: Implications for Wildlife Management
Conservation genetics has become an essential discipline in wildlife biology, providing critical insights into the preservation of endangered mammalian species. Rapid habitat fragmentation, population decline, climate change, and anthropogenic pressures have led to reduced genetic diversity in many mammal populations. Loss of genetic variation increases the risk of inbreeding depression, reduced adaptive potential, and long-term extinction. the role of conservation genetics in assessing genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among endangered mammalian species, with emphasis on its practical implications for wildlife management. Molecular tools such as mitochondrial DNA sequencing, microsatellite markers, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis are widely used to evaluate genetic health and evolutionary relationships. These techniques help identify distinct population segments, detect bottlenecks, and estimate effective population size. Genetic data further assist in determining connectivity between fragmented habitats and in designing corridors to promote gene flow.
Variоus Apprоаchеs tо the Preservatiоn and Cоnsеrvatiоn оf Cultural Tехtiles
Thе field оf tехtilе соnsеrvаtiоn encоmpаssеs a rangе оf methоds and materials dеsigned tо sаfeguard, restоrе, and uphоld teхtilеs thаt hоld histоrical, artistiс, оr сultural impоrtаnce. As this disciplinе hаs prоgressed, соnservаtоrs hаve dеvisеd an аrrаy оf treаtmеnt stratеgies that blеnd bоth time-hоnоred and mоdеrn techniques, with selесtiоns made aссоrding tо thе speсific соnditiоn and signifiсаncе оf еасh teхtile. This article prоvides a соmprеhensivе оvеrviеw оf thе fundamental materials and methоdоlоgies emplоyеd in teхtilе cоnservatiоn, with particular emphasis оn thе prоcessеs оf clеaning, repаiring, stabilizing, аnd stоring tехtiles. In additiоn, the disсussiоn inсludes thе ethiсal dilemmas and сhаllеnges that cоnservаtоrs encоunter in their quеst tо chооse suitable materials fоr intеrventiоn.
Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Civil Infrastructure: Long-Term Adaptation Strategies
Rising temperatures, more frequent and severe weather events, and an increase in sea levels are just a few ways that climate change is putting a strain on our nation's vital infrastructure. to adapt to changing environmental circumstances in a way that keeps infrastructure safe, efficient, and sustainable over the long term; and to deal with the effects of climate change on civil infrastructure. Climate change poses serious risks to infrastructure including roads, bridges, water systems, and buildings; this study looks at some of those dangers, including more frequent storms, floods, droughts, and temperature changes. the unique difficulties encountered by urban and coastal areas, as well as the varying degrees of infrastructure vulnerability across geographies. present methods of adaptation, such as strengthening design standards, including green infrastructure solutions, and creating climate-resilient materials. Policy and governance also play a part in building resilience over the long run, with the public, private, and community sectors all needing to work together. In order to ensure the continuous usefulness and sustainability of civil infrastructure in a world that is rapidly changing, it is important to analyse case studies of cities and regions that have successfully implemented adaptation techniques.
The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: An Alarming Fact »
In recent years, climate change has impacted on health in many ways, including deaths and illness from increasingly frequent extreme weather events such as heat waves, storms and floods, disruption of food systems, increases in zoonoses, food-borne, water-borne and vector-borne diseases, and mental health problems. The aim of this work is to shed light on climate change, its impacts and consequences on human health. In addition, current climate change compromises many of the social determinants of good human health, such as livelihoods equality and access to healthcare and social support structures, and so on.
The Role of Physical Activity in Preventing Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for the development of lifestyle-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and certain forms of cancer. In modern societies characterized by sedentary work patterns and reduced daily movement, insufficient physical activity has become a significant public health concern. Regular physical activity, ranging from moderate aerobic exercise to strength training, plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic health, improving cardiovascular function, and regulating body weight. Global health organizations such as the World Health Organization emphasize that consistent physical activity reduces morbidity and mortality associated with non-communicable diseases. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, lowers blood pressure, enhances lipid profiles, and supports immune function. Beyond physical health, regular movement also contributes to psychological well-being by reducing stress, anxiety, and symptoms of depression.
The Term and Terminology in Critical Discourse: An Inquiry into the Emergence of the Concept in Tradition and Modernity
This study seeks to investigate the emergence of the concept of terminology in the works of both early and modern scholars. In parallel, it attempts to reveal the manner in which the science of terminology took shape in the 1930s through a number of schools, thanks to which both term and terminology came to occupy a distinctive position in the Western and Arab cultural landscapes alike. This is because what distinguishes a term from a general linguistic expression is its specificity. The coinage of a term by specialists is governed by a precise and well-defined theoretical framework that assigns a single linguistic sign to each concept, agreed upon by convention, thereby rendering it a specific linguistic marker tied to a particular field of knowledge.Moreover, specialists have confronted the terminological problem with considerable awareness,viewing it as one of the most controversial critical issues in transmission, translation, and usage. Consequently, recourse to the science of terminology (terminology studies) has become an inevitable necessity for addressing this problem, with due consideration of the term's specificity in its formulation and establishment. Arab scholarly efforts, in turn, have kept pace with terminological issues and have contributed proposals aimed at laying the foundations for an Arabic terminology grounded in scientific theories, drawing its epistemological resources from both heritage and modernity, and relying on approaches such as revival and innovation, as well as rooting and systematisation.
Charging Infrastructure and Range Anxiety: Key Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption and Solutions
Electric vehicle (EV) adoption is hindered by a number of factors, the most important of which are concerns about charging infrastructure and range anxiety. Even though everyone knows that electric vehicles are good for the environment and can save money, they still haven't caught on due to worries about their range and the unreliability of charging facilities. Examining the ways in which limited range and insufficient charging infrastructure contribute to customer reluctance, this article delves deeply into these critical issues. the aftermath of rapid-charging infrastructure, and the disparity in the availability of charging stations between rural and urban regions. Furthermore, the idea of range anxiety is discussed, with an emphasis on the mental and practical effects it could have on people considering purchasing electric vehicles. Public-private partnerships to increase the availability of charging stations, new ultra-fast charging networks, and improvements in battery technology that increase the range that electric vehicles can travel on a single charge are all examples of policy measures and technical developments that try to overcome these obstacles. The report finds the best ways to overcome the limitations of charging infrastructure and reduce range anxiety by analysing worldwide case studies. It then gives suggestions for how governments, manufacturers, and consumers can speed up the adoption of electric vehicles and achieve a more sustainable transportation future.
Dimensions of Quality of Work Life for Paramedical Workers: A Field Study at the Public Health Institution of Berrah, Annaba
This study aims to explore certain dimensions of Quality of Work Life (QWL) among paramedical staff at the Public Institution of Proximity Healthcare in Berrahal, Annaba. To empirically examine the research objectives, a descriptive approach was employed, relying on a random sample of 33 participants out of a total population of 43 individuals involved in the field study. A questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool, comprising 28 items distributed across five dimensions. Statistical analysis was conducted using frequencies and arithmetic means. The findings revealed that the dimensions of wage fairness and participation in decision-making do not contribute to achieving QWL for the study sample. In contrast, the dimensions of work–life balance, positive human relations, and favorable physical working conditions were found to enhance QWL among the participants.
Work-Life Balance and Employee Well-Being in Remote Work Environments
The rapid expansion of remote work has significantly transformed organizational structures and employee lifestyles, redefining the boundaries between professional and personal life. Enabled by digital communication technologies and virtual collaboration platforms such as Zoom and Microsoft Teams, remote work offers flexibility, reduced commuting time, and greater autonomy. However, challenges related to work-life balance, role ambiguity, and digital fatigue. how remote work environments influence employee well-being, focusing on factors such as boundary management, workload distribution, social isolation, and organizational support. While flexible scheduling can enhance job satisfaction and family engagement, the absence of clear physical and temporal boundaries may lead to extended working hours and increased stress. Constant connectivity and expectations of immediate responsiveness further blur distinctions between work and personal time.
Between Conflict and Convergence: A Study of the Relationship between the Governors of the Algerian and Tunisian Regencies in the Late Ottoman Period through Tunisian Archival Documents
Geographic proximity and contiguity between Algeria and Tunisia contributed to the formation of a shared historical experience, reflected in their subjection, at various periods, to a single authority, including Ottoman rule during the modern era. What characterized Ottoman governance in both territories was the relative autonomy of each side. However, the autonomy of the Regency of Tunisia remained limited, as the rulers of Algeria intervened in its internal struggles for power during the period from 1725 to 1756, at the request of its rulers, within the framework of the Husaynid Basha conflict. Despite the end of this conflict, its effects remained evident, particularly in the continued intervention of Algerian rulers in Tunisian affairs as a result of the privileges they had obtained, having played a decisive role in resolving the conflict. This situation persisted until 1807, when Hamuda Pasha al Husayni decided to put an end to Algerian influence in Tunisia by launching a campaign against Constantine, an action that led to a deterioration in relations between the two sides for several years, until the intervention of the Ottoman Sultan, who brokered a reconciliation between them in 1821. Subsequently, channels of communication were formalized at the level of the authorities of the two Regencies, as well as in the organization of commercial transactions between them. A degree of rapprochement emerged, driven by the necessity of maintaining relations in military, political, and economic spheres, in light of their geographic proximity and shared interests. Through this study, we aim to examine the impact of the interventions of Algerian rulers in the Husaynid Basha conflict during the eighteenth century on the trajectory of relations between the two Regencies at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The analysis is based first on local historical sources from both Regencies, before turning to Tunisian archival documents to highlight aspects of conflict and the attempts, particularly by the Tunisian side, to foster rapprochement. We also seek to investigate the impact of geographic proximity and neighboring relations between the Regencies of Algeria and Tunisia in shaping a form of quasi political hegemony exercised by Algerian rulers over Tunisia. This was manifested in their continuous intervention in its internal affairs, whether at the request of its rulers or on the basis of privileges they had obtained. Furthermore, the study examines the repercussions of this situation on both subjects and officials, especially in Algeria, at the political, social, and economic levels.
Consumer Perception of Ethical Branding in Sustainable Apparel Markets
The expansion of sustainable apparel markets has intensified the importance of ethical branding as a strategic tool for differentiation and consumer trust building. As environmental and social concerns gain prominence, apparel brands increasingly communicate commitments to fair labor practices, responsible sourcing, reduced carbon footprints, and circular production models. However, consumer perception of ethical branding varies significantly across demographic groups and market contexts, influencing purchasing behavior and long-term brand loyalty. how consumers interpret and evaluate ethical branding claims within sustainable apparel markets. It explores factors such as brand credibility, transparency, certification labels, price positioning, and consistency between stated values and corporate practices. While ethical messaging can positively shape brand image and increase willingness to pay, skepticism toward greenwashing and misleading claims may weaken consumer trust. Perceived authenticity, third-party verification, and clear sustainability reporting are identified as critical determinants of positive brand perception.
Therapeutic Strategies for Children with Learning Difficulties: From Differential Diagnosis to the “Proposed Integrative Tree Engineering”
The present article addresses the development of interest in the category of children with learning difficulties in light of the increasing rates of their prevalence and the need to provide educational services that ensure equal opportunities. The article seeks to refute inadequate diagnostic practices that have arbitrarily classified them within categories of intellectual disability, emphasizing that improving psychological care is based on the skill of differential diagnosis. Within this framework, the “Response to Intervention” approach is proposed as a methodological alternative to the traditional “discrepancy” criterion for building structured therapeutic strategies. The added value of the article lies in presenting the “proposed integrative tree model,” whose theoretical dimensions were previously outlined in an earlier study (Haj Sabri, 2026), where it is employed here in designing a comprehensive therapeutic intervention that integrates neuropsychological, procedural, and developmental dimensions, with the aim of harnessing multiple intelligences and correcting the learning and academic trajectory of this category.
The Role of Working Memory in Decision-Making Processes
The critical role of working memory in decision-making processes, exploring how the capacity and function of working memory influence cognitive processes underlying decision-making. Working memory, a limited-capacity system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information, plays a pivotal role in integrating incoming information, past experiences, and goals to facilitate decision-making. Cognitive psychology research has shown that individuals with greater working memory capacity often demonstrate enhanced abilities to consider multiple alternatives, weigh complex information, and foresee potential outcomes during decision-making tasks. Theoretical frameworks, such as dual-process theory and the adaptive decision-making model, highlight the interplay between working memory and executive functions in decision processes. Dual-process theory posits that decisions can be influenced by both intuitive, automatic processes and controlled, deliberative processes mediated by working memory. This framework suggests that working memory supports the deliberative processes involved in evaluating options, planning actions, and inhibiting impulsive responses, thereby optimizing decision outcomes. Empirical studies utilizing neuroimaging techniques, behavioral experiments, and computational modeling have provided insights into the neural mechanisms underlying working memory's role in decision-making. Neuroscientific evidence indicates that regions of the prefrontal cortex, particularly dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, play a crucial role in integrating working memory processes with emotional and motivational factors to guide decision outcomes. Furthermore, studies investigating individual differences in working memory capacity and decision-making competence underscore the predictive validity of working memory as a cognitive resource in real-world decision contexts.
Islamic finance and its role in funding startups an analytical study of financing mechanisms and their role in supporting entrepreneurship
This research aims to obtain alternative financing sources provided by Islamic banking products that can be utilized to finance startups with one of the current products in the form of debt-and-equity. Focusing on startups has become an absolute necessity due to their importance in economic growth and their crucial role as a breeding ground for new generations of entrepreneurs and businessmen. these enterprises play also a significant role in increasing the rate of economic activity and combating unemployment. Therefore, this research concludes that Islamic finance institutions must be supported with mechanisms that serve this type of startup, given the advantages they offer to the projects and to the economy in general. Moreover, Islamic institutions finance these ventures as part of their social responsibility, which stems from their inherent developmental role.
Impact of Strength Training on Speed and Agility in Competitive Sports
Strength training plays a critical role in enhancing speed and agility, which are essential components of success in competitive sports. the physiological mechanisms through which strength training improves explosive power, reaction time, and movement efficiency. Key training methodologies such as resistance training, plyometrics, and functional movement exercises are examined. The findings indicate that a structured strength training regimen significantly enhances athletic performance by improving force production, neuromuscular coordination, and overall agility.
Withdrawal of Authorization as a Mechanism for Protecting Groundwater in Light of Climate Change, in Accordance with Water Law No. 12/05
Water resources are among the most important issues at the forefront of the challenges and problems facing the world. Therefore, despite the adoption of strategies, the conclusion of agreements and treaties, and the enactment of numerous laws, the protection of groundwater resources continues to deteriorate as a result of their irrational use. Accordingly, it has become imperative for Algerian legislation to intervene and provide for preventive methods to address and confront water resource problems. On this basis, the legislator has granted the administration the authority to monitor the use of groundwater, equipping it with preventive legal tools that fall within the framework of subsequent control exercised over individuals and institutions in order to verify compliance with the prescribed procedures. These measures are known as administrative sanctions, which vary in form and scope depending on the degree of violation of mandatory legal rules, such as the withdrawal of authorization in cases of non-compliance with the rules and conditions governing the exploitation of groundwater.
Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Organizations: Sociological Insights
Cultural diversity has become a pivotal aspect of global organizations, shaping their dynamics, strategies, and outcomes in increasingly interconnected and diverse environments. This paper delves into the sociological dimensions of cultural diversity within global organizations, exploring how cultural differences influence organizational behavior, communication patterns, decision-making processes, and employee interactions. Drawing on sociological theories and empirical studies, the paper examines the challenges and opportunities presented by cultural diversity, highlighting the complexities of managing multicultural teams and fostering inclusive organizational cultures. It also discusses strategies and best practices for leveraging cultural diversity as a source of innovation, creativity, and competitive advantage in global business contexts. By offering sociological insights into the dynamics of cultural diversity, this paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of its implications for organizational effectiveness and success in a globalized world.
Colonial Law and Educational Transformation in Algeria: The Impact of French Legislation (1870–1940)
This article examines the role of French colonial legislation in shaping and transforming the educational landscape of Algeria between 1870 and 1940. It argues that education was not merely a civilizing mission, as portrayed in colonial discourse, but rather a strategic instrument of domination, assimilation, and social restructuring. Through an analysis of key legal texts, administrative policies, and institutional practices, the study shows how French laws systematically reconfigured indigenous education, marginalized traditional systems of learning, and created a dual educational structure that reinforced social and cultural inequalities. Adopting a historical-analytical approach, the article draws on archival sources, colonial decrees, and contemporary accounts to explore the tensions between colonial objectives and local responses. The findings reveal that French legislation simultaneously expanded access to schooling while restricting its transformative potential for Algerians, thereby giving rise to an educated minority aligned with colonial interests. The study contributes to broader debates on colonial rule, education, and cultural hegemony, offering a nuanced understanding of how legal frameworks operated as mechanisms of control in colonial contexts.
The Role of Quantum Technologies in Advancing Autonomous Vehicle Systems
By improving their computational capacity, sensory precision, and decision-making powers, quantum technologies have the potential to completely transform autonomous car systems. These systems can handle enormous volumes of data more effectively and make choices in real time with previously unheard-of precision by utilizing quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. While quantum sensing technologies—such as quantum radar and quantum-enhanced lidar—improve object detection and identification in difficult environments, quantum computing holds the promise of optimizing complex algorithms for path planning, traffic management, and machine learning models. the incorporation of quantum technologies into self-driving car systems, investigating how these developments can help with today's perception, navigation, and safety issues. We also talk about the possibility for quantum-enhanced autonomous systems to hasten the creation of completely autonomous transportation networks and its ramifications for the future.
Fundamentals of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
The use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in the humanities and social sciences has become an essential and indispensable approach that must be adopted in future field research, particularly in psychology. This shift comes after moving beyond the traditional reliance on complex and multiple hypotheses that demand considerable time and effort from researchers, while often failing to fully capture or control all variables influencing the phenomenon under study. In contrast, structural modeling enables the simultaneous examination of a large and complex set of interrelated relationships, while also accounting—at least partially—for measurement errors in the observed variables. Given the importance of this modern statistical approach, the aim of this article is to present clear analytical concepts regarding Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), its objectives, key advantages, fundamental principles, and the most commonly used model types. This will be supported by practical examples and applied research models to enhance understanding.
Effect of Motivation on Academic Achievement among Students
Motivation plays a crucial role in determining students’ academic achievement by influencing their level of engagement, persistence, and overall learning behavior. It serves as a driving force that encourages students to set goals, overcome challenges, and perform effectively in academic settings. This paper examines the effect of motivation on academic achievement among students, focusing on different types of motivation and their impact on learning outcomes. The study explores intrinsic motivation, which arises from internal interest and enjoyment in learning, and extrinsic motivation, which is driven by external rewards such as grades, recognition, or parental expectations. It highlights how motivated students tend to exhibit higher levels of concentration, better time management, and greater academic success. Conversely, lack of motivation may lead to poor performance, low engagement, and decreased interest in studies. The findings suggest that motivation significantly influences academic achievement and plays a key role in shaping students’ attitudes toward learning. Understanding the factors that enhance motivation can help educators and parents develop effective strategies to improve students’ academic performance and overall development.
Literature in Streamlined EFL Programs: A Mixed-Methods Study of Didactic Practices and Student Outcomes
This research analyses how literature is used as part of a module for first-year students studying English as a Foreign Language at the University Center of Barika in Algeria, where it is not always consistently included in non-specialist programs. The research adopts Carter and Long's (1991) exploratory mixed-methods case study approach, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods to evaluate whether current literature use supports students in developing linguistically and cognitively. Through the use of surveys, classroom observations, and interviews, data were collected from 40 students and 3 instructors. There are strong positive correlations between student interest in literature and their improvement in reading (r = 0.58) and participation (r = 0.62). Students reported that student-centered and interactive pedagogies were the primary drivers of their involvement in literature, while issues with linguistic complexity and cultural distance from Western literature were found to negatively impact students' learning experience. Based on this work, a five-dimensional model of literature use is proposed to strengthen literature teaching in other EFL contexts, with dimensions addressing selection and use of literature, pedagogy, assessment, technology integration, and teacher training and development.
Biological Systems and Their Complexity: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
Biological systems are inherently complex, characterized by dynamic interactions across multiple levels of organization, from molecular networks to entire ecosystems. This paper examines the complexity of biological systems through a multidisciplinary lens, integrating insights from molecular biology, systems biology, computational science, and ecology. Advances in high-throughput technologies, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence have enabled researchers to analyze and model complex biological interactions with greater precision. The study highlights how interconnected processes such as gene regulation, cellular signaling, and ecological interactions contribute to the emergent properties of living systems. Furthermore, it explores the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in addressing contemporary challenges, including disease management, environmental sustainability, and biodiversity conservation. By synthesizing knowledge across diverse domains, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of biological complexity and its implications for scientific research and practical applications.
The Role of Service Learning in Developing Life Skills among Students of Oum El Bouaghi University
This study aimed to identify the role of service learning in developing life skills among students at Oum El Bouaghi University, by measuring its level of contribution across three dimensions: social skills, academic skills, and personal skills. The descriptive method was adopted to conduct this study, through the construction of a questionnaire to measure the three dimensions, which was distributed to a sample of 94 students. The results of the study showed that service learning contributes significantly to the development of life skills among university students. Social skills ranked first, followed by academic skills, while personal skills ranked third, and all these skills were within a high level. These results indicate the effectiveness of service learning as an educational approach that links theoretical and practical cognitive aspects in university training, contributing to the preparation of students who possess essential life skills.