The Reality of Hydrogen and Renewable Energies in International Legislation

Abstract

The Mediterranean countries are a very promising region for solar energy potential, along with Mali and the Sultanate of Oman, which are a fundamental pillar for the production of green hydrogen. At the same time, new opportunities are opening up for “gold hydrogen”, or natural or geological hydrogen. The research is devoted to the analysis of the international legal framework (Paris Agreement and Energy Charter Treaty) and national legislation in the leading countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt). It also reviews the challenges and opportunities in the development, transportation and trade of these two energy resources, and provides recommendations to bolster regional cooperation and promote sustainable investment.