The Roman Fountains in the Province of Numidia : The Fountain of Liberalis (Thamugadi) as an Example

Abstract

Archaeological research and historical studies have demonstrated that the Numidian province was one of the most important provinces which played a major role in political, social, and economic life. It was home to some of the most beautiful cities and buildings that fulfilled a specific function. Among these functions were water supply systems and the very lifeblood of inhabited and urban areas.

The Romans undertook the construction of vast hydraulic infrastructures to connect various water sources including dams, springs, valleys, and rivers in order to supply the cities with water. These infrastructures also provided water to the baths, public toilets, temples, fountains and other buildings, as well.

 Fountains were among the most remarkable hydraulic features, which the Romans excelled in their construction. Their architectural design, dimensions, and forms varied, ranging from the monumental to the simplest. However, fountains were not only used to supply cities with water ; they also provided gathering places where inhabitants could relax and be entertained. Furthermore, fountains played a religious role, especially those fed by sacred springs. These structures also contributed to other aspects of daily life. This is why we have focused our study on some of these fountains, particularly the Liberatis Fountain (Timgad).

The Liberatis Fountain (Timgad) was built to the east of the ancient city. Archaeological research indicates that it did not only serve an aesthetic function but also acted as a water reservoir to supply the city's monuments. Therefore, a question arises : why was this fountain built outside the city's grid walls? Was its function dictated by its location ? Did this unique fountain have other uses ?