The Role of the Immune System in Protection Against Infectious Diseases

Abstract

The immune system protects the body against bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other infectious agents through coordinated innate and adaptive mechanisms. Physical barriers, innate immune cells, inflammatory signaling, antibodies, and lymphocytes work together to detect and eliminate pathogens. Adaptive immunity also creates immunological memory, providing the basis for long-term protection after infection or vaccination.